path: root/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml

<!--
     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project

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     Original revision: 1.780
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<articleinfo>
  <title>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ &os;/&arch; &release.current;</title>

  <corpauthor>ðÒÏÅËÔ &os;</corpauthor>

  <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>

  <copyright>
    <year>2000</year>
    <year>2001</year>
    <year>2002</year>
    <year>2003</year>
    <year>2004</year>
    <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">ðÒÏÅËÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &os;</holder>
  </copyright>

  <abstract>
    <para>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ ÄÌÑ &os; &release.current; ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÏÂÝÕÀ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ
<![ %include.historic; [
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &os; Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ &release.prev;.
]]>
<![ %no.include.historic; [
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ×ÅÔ×Ø ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
      &release.branch; ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.
]]>
      üÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ
      × ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ &os;.  ðÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
      ËÒÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  </abstract>
</articleinfo>

<sect1 id="intro">
  <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

  <para>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ &os;
    &release.current; ÄÌÑ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ &arch.print;.
    ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
    &os;.  ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ
    Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os;.</para>

<![ %release.type.current [

  <para>äÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× (&release.type;), ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÜÔÁ
    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÔÏÞËÕ ÎÁ ×ÅÔ×É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
    Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ &release.branch;.  óÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù
    (&release.type;) ÉÚ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <ulink
    url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>

]]>

<![ %release.type.snapshot [

  <para>äÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× (&release.type;), ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÜÔÁ
    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÔÏÞËÕ ÎÁ ×ÅÔ×É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ
    &release.prev; É ÂÕÄÕÝÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ &release.next;.  ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ
    ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù (&release.type;) ÉÚ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É
    ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>

]]>

<![ %release.type.release [

  <para>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× &os; &release.current; ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ
    &release.type;.  åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <ulink
    url="&release.url;"></ulink> ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ ÚÅÒËÁÌ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ
    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ) &release.type;
    ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
    <ulink
    url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"
>ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ
    <quote>ðÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ &os;</quote></ulink> <ulink
    url="&url.books.handbook;/">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
    &os;</ulink>.</para>

]]>

  <para>÷ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï
    ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ &os;.  ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ
    ÓÁÍÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÁÑ × ÐÏÚÖÅ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ
    ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ
    ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.
    áËÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ ÄÌÑ &os;
    &release.current; ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ &os;.</para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="new">
  <title>þÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</title>

  <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ
    ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
    &release.prev; ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ &os;.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ
    ÚÄÅÓØ, ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ ÄÌÑ &release.branch;, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÙ
    ËÁË &merged;.</para>

  <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ
    ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ
    &release.prev.historic;, ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÉÌÉ
    ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÉÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ
    ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÉÌÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ
    ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ.  ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÔØÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ
    ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÉÌÉ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
    ÒÅÌÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÏÍ ×
    &os; ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËÕÓÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÈ
    ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÙÈ
    ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</para>

  <sect2 id="security">
    <title>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</title>

    <para>éÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × &man.mksnap.ffs.8;; ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÁ Ë ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ
      ÆÌÁÇÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ
      ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ
      ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
      ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ
      ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÎÅÄÏ×ÅÒÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
      üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÕ &man.dump.8;
      <option>-L</option>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ &man.mksnap.ffs.8;.
      ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ &man.mksnap.ffs.8; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ
      ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ É ÞÌÅÎÁÍ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <groupname>operator</groupname>.
      úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</ulink>.</para>

    <para>éÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory
      (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å &man.shmat.2;).  üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÁ
      Ë ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ
      ÕÞÁÓÔËÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÉÍ
      ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÞÁÓÔÑÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ
      ÒÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄÕ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh
mat.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</ulink>.
      &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á &man.jail.attach.2;.
      üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
      ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÒÅÄÙ &man.jail.8; ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ
      ÞÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ É ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÍ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</ulink>.</para>

    <para>ðÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË &os;
      ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÁ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.
      âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ
      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</ulink>.
      &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ
      <application>OpenSSL</application>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
      ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÀ ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÇÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ.  ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÁ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÅÊ
      ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ËÒÁÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ
      <application>OpenSSL</application>, É ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚÕ × ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ
      (DoS).  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ
      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</ulink>.
      &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
      ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å &man.setsockopt.2;.  ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÁ
      ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ ÐÁÎÉËÕ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔØ
      ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÞÁÓÔÑÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÇÌÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
      ÒÁÓËÒÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄÕ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÉÌÉ
      ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
      ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</ulink>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <application>CVS</application>.
      ïÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ,
      Á ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÐÒÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÍ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅ Ë CVS ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÑÍ. âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</ulink>. &merged;</para>

    <para>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ × <application>Heimdal</application>,
      ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÌÁÓØ
      ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ realm.
      âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</ulink>. &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <application>CVS</application>,
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑ×ÛÁÑ ÚÌÏÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÎÏÍÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ
      ÕÞÁÓÔËÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
      ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</ulink>. &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ ×
      ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á &man.msync.2;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÊ
      ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÀ <literal>MS_INVALIDATE</literal>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
      ÐÏÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÆÌÁÇ
      <literal>MS_INVALIDATE</literal> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÕ
      ÉÚ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÒÁÑ
      ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <literal>MS_INVALIDATE</literal>, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ sysctl <varname>vm.old_msync</varname>, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÈ
      ÎÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</ulink>. &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å
      &man.jail.2;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÁ Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
      ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉÐÕÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÉÚ
      jail.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ
      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</ulink>. &merged;</para>
 
    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ
      ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux, ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÏÂÌÁÓÔÑÍ
      ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
      ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</ulink>.
      &merged;</para>

    <para>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <application>CVS</application>,
      ÍÏÇÕÝÉÈ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÒÁÓËÒÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, DoS, ÉÌÉ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÕÔÅÍ
      ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <application>CVS</application> 1.11.17.
      úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</ulink>. &merged;</para>

    <para>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <literal>CONS_SCRSHOT</literal> &man.ioctl.2;
      ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÏÂÌÁÓÔÑÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÒÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅÍ
      ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÕ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ,
      ÉÌÉ Ë ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
      ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
      url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</ulink>. &merged;</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="kernel">
    <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄÒÅ</title>

    <para><literal>ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</literal> ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ É
      ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ
      ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
      ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏÍ.
      üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÑÄÒÁ <varname>NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</varname>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ <varname>ADAPTIVE_GIANT</varname>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ
      ÁÄÁÐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×.  üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ
      SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</para>

    <para>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ &man.bus.dma.9; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
      ×ÙÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÇÒÁÎÉÃ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×, É
      <function>bus_dmamap_load()</function> ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÓÂÒÏÓ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÁÂÏÒ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <varname>hw.busdma.*</varname> ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
      &man.bus.dma.9;.</para>

    <para>æÕÎËÃÉÑ &man.contigmalloc.9; ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÏÍ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÏ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.  óÔÁÒÙÊ
      ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl
      <varname>vm.old_contigmalloc</varname>.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
      &man.contigmalloc.9;.</para>

    <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ path &man.devfs.5; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÍÉ.</para>

    <para>API &man.getvfsent.3; ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.</para>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ
      <varname>hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</varname> ÂÙÌÁ
      ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.jail.2; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ×
      ÉÚÎÕÔÒÉ jail.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl
      <varname>security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</varname>.</para>

    <para>&man.kqueue.2; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒ
      <literal>EVFILT_FS</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ
      ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
      ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down
      ÓÔÁÔÕÓ NFS.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, KDB.
      ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ,
      É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ
      ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
      ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  âÙÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>KDB ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ
	  <literal>options KDB</literal>,
	  <literal>options GDB</literal>, É <literal>options DDB</literal>.
	  <literal>DDB</literal> É
	  <literal>GDB</literal> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ KDB
	  ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>WITNESS_DDB</literal> ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ ×
	  <literal>WITNESS_KDB</literal>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>DDB_TRACE</literal> ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ ×
	  <literal>KDB_TRACE</literal>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>DDB_UNATTENDED</literal> ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ
	  × <literal>KDB_UNATTENDED</literal>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</literal> ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ
	  × <literal>SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</literal>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>DDB_NOKLDSYM</literal> ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.
	  îÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ pre-linker symbol
	  lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</literal> ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.
	  üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ &os;.
	  ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ GDB ÅÓÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
	  ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ É
      ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ,
      ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË ÉÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
      ÂÙÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ ÎÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÍ.  ÷ÓÅ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
      ÉÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.  ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <varname>debug.kdb.current</varname>.
      óÐÉÓÏË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × 
      <varname>debug.kdb.available</varname>.  ÷ ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ,
      ÚÁÐÉÓÁ× × sysctl <varname>debug.kdb.enter</varname>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl
      <varname>debug.kdb.stop_cpus</varname>.  ïÎÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÔ,
      ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ CPU
      ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ ×
      ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉËÅ.</para>

    <para arch="amd64">úÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ É ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ
      ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ amd64.</para>

    <para arch="amd64">âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
      32-ÂÉÔÎÙÈ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Linux ÎÁ amd64.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>COMPAT_LINUX32</literal>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ, <literal>MAC_STATIC</literal>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÔËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁÝÉÝÁÑ
      ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏÌÉÔÉË MAC.</para>

    <para>ðÏÌÉÔÉËÁ &man.mac.bsdextended.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ É ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl
      <varname>mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</varname>.</para>

    <para>ðÏÌÉÔÉËÁ &man.mac.bsdextended.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÙÅ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × syslog <literal>AUTHPRIV</literal>.
      üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
      sysctl <varname>mac_bsdextended_logging</varname>.</para>

    <para>mballoc ÂÙÌ ÚÁÍÅÝÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster ÁÌÌÏËÁÔÏÒÙ
      ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ UMA.
      ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>NMBCLUSTERS</literal>
      ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ.  íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ËÌÁÓÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏ ÐÒÅÖÎÅÍÕ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <literal>maxusers</literal>,
      ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ <varname>kern.ipc.nmbclusters</varname>
      × ÎÕÌØ.</para>

    <para><filename>/dev/kmem</filename>, <filename>/dev/mem</filename>,
      É <filename>/dev/io</filename> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ
      ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

    <para>ïÛÉÂËÁ × &man.mmap.2;, ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË
      <literal>PROT_NONE</literal>, ÍÏÇÌÉ ÓÔÁÔØ ÞÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ
      ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ.  &merged;</para>

    <para arch="i386,pc98">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ
      <literal>MP_WATCHDOG</literal>; ÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ
      ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ CPU ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ watchdog ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ
      × ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË É/ÉÌÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ NMI ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁ×ÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ
      ÎÅ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ.  äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ watchdog ×ÎÅ ÐÏÔÏËÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ sysctl; ÄÌÑ ÓÂÒÏÓÁ ÔÁÊÍÅÒÁ × watchdog ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
      ÍÅÔËÁ.  åÓÌÉ ÔÁÊÍÅÒ ÎÅ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÍÅÔËÅ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÓÑÔÉ ÓÅËÕÎÄ,
      ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔ.  ðÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ watchdog ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <varname>debug.watchdog_cpu</varname>.</para>

    <para arch="i386,pc98">âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl
      <varname>debug.leak_schedlock</varname>.  ïÎÁ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÞÉË
      sysctl, ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×Á×ÛÉÊ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉË, ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÕ
      ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ watchdog, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
      <literal>MP_WATCHDOG</literal> option.</para>

    <para>îÏ×ÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ <varname>debug.mpsafenet</varname> ÂÙÌÁ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ïÎÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÕ Giant
      ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ &os;, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ
      ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ ÓÞÅÔ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ É ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ
      ÚÁÄÅÒÖÅË ÐÒÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑÈ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
      ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.tty.4;, KAME IPsec, É ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX
      ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ Ó Giant, ÉÌÉ Ë ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÀ
      ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
      ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ Giant.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ, <varname>NET_WITH_GIANT</varname>.
      ïÎ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
      (<literal>0</literal>), É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ,
      ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, ÉÌÉ ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ
      ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ,
      <varname>debug.mpsafevm</varname>.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ
      Ë ÐÏÞÔÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ Giant ÄÌÑ ÎÕÌÅ×ÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ.</para>

    <para arch="i386,amd64">ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ
      <varname>debug.mpsafevm</varname> ÂÙÌÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>

    <para arch="alpha,amd64,i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ
      <literal>PREEMPTION</literal>.  ïÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÙÔÅÓÎÑÔØ ÐÏÔÏËÉ
      × ÑÄÒÅ ÐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÍÉ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÁÍÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏ×ÙÓÉÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ É ÕÓËÏÒÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
      ÐÏÔÏËÏ×.</para>

    <para>÷ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ devclass ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ  <varname>dev.foo0.bar</varname>
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <varname>dev.foo.0.bar</varname>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
      ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ <varname>dev.foo.bar</varname>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl,
      <varname>kern.always_console_output</varname>. ïÎÁ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
      ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ
      <varname>TIOCCONS</varname>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl
      <varname>kern.sched.name</varname>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
      ÉÍÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉËÁ, É ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
      <varname>kern.quantum</varname> ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÁ ×
      <varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname>.</para>

    <para>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ
      &man.pci.4;.

      <note>
	<para>èÏÔÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ
	  &man.pci.4; ÂÙÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ
	  ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.  ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>hw.pci.do_powerstate</varname>
	  × <literal>0</literal>.</para>
      </note>
    </para>

    <para>ðÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉË ULE ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
      ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉËÁ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉËÁ
      ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄÒÅ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
      ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD.  äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚÒÏÓÌÁ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.
      üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï <quote>ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÏ×</quote> É
      <quote>ÒÙ×ËÏ×</quote> × ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ
      ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ.  üÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ
      ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU.
      îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÅÔ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU,
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÕÀ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Õ ÄÌÑ
      ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÊ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ.  ðÒÉ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
      fine-grained kernel locking, ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ.</para>

    <para>ìÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ ×
      &man.vm.map.findspace.9;, ÂÙÌ ÚÁÍÅÝÅÎ ÎÁ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ
      O(log n), ÓÔÒÏÑÝÉÊ ËÁÒÔÕ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Á.  ïÎ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ
      ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ × &man.vm.map.findspace.9; ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ &man.mmap.2; ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ ÉÌÉ ÔÙÓÑÞÁÈ
      ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</para>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ <varname>debug.witness_*</varname>
      ÂÙÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ × <varname>debug.witness.*</varname>.</para>

    <!-- Above this line, sort kernel changes by manpage/keyword-->

    <para>äÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÌÉÎËÏ×ÝÉË &os; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
      Thread Local Storage (TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <application>GCC</application>
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ <literal>__thread</literal> Ë ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÀ
      ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.  üÔÏÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
      ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ
      ÐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë ÐÏÔÏËÕ; ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÝÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ,
      ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÐÏÔÏËÅ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄÒÁ, ×ÙÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÙ, É ÔÅÐÅÒØ
      ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</para>

    <para arch="sparc64">îÁ &os;/sparc64, <varname>time_t</varname>
      ÂÙÌÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ Ó 32-ÂÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ 64-ÂÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.

      <note>
	<para>ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÅ, ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ,
	  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ 32-ÂÉÔ
	  <varname>time_t</varname> É ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
	  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ <varname>time_t</varname>, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ.
	  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ É ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
	  ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ×
	  <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING.64BTT</filename>.</para>
      </note>
    </para>

    <para arch="i386">óÔÁÌÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ &os;/i386
      Ó Intel C/C++ Compiler (ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
      role="package">lang/icc</filename>).</para>

    <sect3 id="boot">
      <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÅ</title>

      <para arch="i386">äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <filename>boot0</filename> ÄÌÑ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.  ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË Ó
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ &man.boot0cfg.8; É ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ
	<filename>/boot/boot0sio</filename> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ
	Ë ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÕ <option>-b</option>.</para>

      <para arch="i386"><filename>cdboot</filename> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÂÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ
	BIOS, ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó USB
	CDROM ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ×.</para>

      <!-- Above this line, order boot loader changes by keyword-->

    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="proc">
      <title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>

      <para arch="i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.asus.4; ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁÈ ASUSTek ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ ACPI ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
	ÇÏÒÑÞÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ É LED.</para>

      <para arch="i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.panasonic.4; ÄÌÑ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÇÏÒÑÞÉÈ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÏ× Panasonic.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	Let's note (ÉÌÉ Toughbook, ×ÎÅ ñÐÏÎÉÉ) CF-R1N, CF-R2A, É
	CF-R3.</para>

      <para arch="i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.toshiba.4;,
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Toshiba ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ
	ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁÈ Toshiba, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
	ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ×ÉÄÅÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ.</para>

      <para>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.video.4; ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÜËÒÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ ÑÒËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
	×ÉÄÅÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</para>

      <para arch="i386">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ sysctl
	ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	<varname>dev.root0.nexus0.acpi0.acpi_lid0.wake</varname>), ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÂÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
	ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.</para>

      <para arch="i386">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.acpi.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ,
	ÅÓÌÉ × BIOS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ loader
	<varname>hint.acpi.0.disabled</varname> × <literal>0</literal>.</para>

      <para arch="amd64">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.agp.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ AMD64 graphics
	aperture relocation table (GART).</para>

      <para arch="i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ctau.4; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
	ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Cronyx Tau.  üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÏÌÇÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÂÙÌ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ
	ËÁË <quote>ct</quote> &ndash; ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÙÌ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎ × ÄÅÒÅ×Ï
	ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× &os;.  &merged;

	<note>
	  <para>éÍÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÏÓØ, ÎÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	    ÉÍÑ <devicename>ct</devicename>.</para>
	</note>
      </para>

      <para arch="i386,pc98">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.cp.4; ÄÌÑ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Cronyx Tau-PCI.</para>

      <para arch="i386,pc98">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>dgb</devicename>
	(DigiBoard intelligent serial card)
	ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.  åÇÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.digi.4;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ <devicename>dgb</devicename>.</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.nmdm.4; ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎ ÄÌÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>raid(4)</devicename> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe
	ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ
	×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌÅÎ, É ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ÐÏÄ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ &man.geom.4; API
	× 5-CURRENT.</para>

      <para>úÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.pcic.4; ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.  üÔÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ
	× ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>

      <para arch="i386">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.psm.4; É &man.moused.8;
	ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Synaptics TouchPad.</para>

      <para arch="i386">çÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÈ ÞÉÓÅÌ &man.random.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒ (RNG) ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ VIA C3 Nehemiah
	(Stepping 3 É ×ÙÛÅ).</para>

      <para arch="sparc64">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.sab.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	ÑÄÒÁ <literal>BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER</literal>.</para>

      <para arch="i386,pc98">äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>sx</devicename>,
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ Specialix I/O8+ É I/O4+ intelligent multiport serial
	controllers.</para>

      <para arch="alpha,amd64,i386">äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÑÄÒÁ
	ÄÌÑ <varname>hw.uart.console</varname> É
	<varname>hw.uart.dbgport</varname> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &man.uart.4;.
	ïÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
	ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ É ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ËÁË É ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &man.ubser.4; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× BWCT.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ucycom.4; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx,
	ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS
	ÐÒÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ É Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ
	ÜÔÉÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ).  üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
	ÎÅ ÐÏÌÏÎ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ × ÎÅÍ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ
	ÐÏÔÏËÁ.</para>

      <para arch="i386">îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ISA ËÁÒÔ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ,
	×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
	<devicename>asc</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ GI1904 ÒÕÞÎÙÈ ÓËÁÎÅÒÏ×,
	<devicename>ctx</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ CORTEX-I Frame Grabber,
	<devicename>gp</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ËÁÒÔ National Instruments AT-GPIB É AT-GPIB/TNT,
	<devicename>gsc</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÒÕÞÎÏÇÏ ÓËÁÎÅÒÁ Genius GS-4500,
	<devicename>le</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ DEC EtherWORKS II É III ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏ× Ethernet,
	<devicename>rdp</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ RealTek RTL 8002 ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Ethernet,
	<devicename>spigot</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÙ ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ Creative Labs Video Spigot,
	<devicename>stl</devicename> É <devicename>stli</devicename> ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏ×
	Stallion Technologies É ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>wt</devicename> ÄÌÑ ÌÅÎÔ Archive/Wangtek.
	÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÎÉ ÎÅÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙ, É ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ
	ÏÂßÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ × ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÏÄ
	ÎÏ×ÙÍ API × 5-CURRENT.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ
	ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× &ndash; ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ioctl É ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
	<devicename>sasc</devicename> É <devicename>sgsc</devicename> ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ.</para>

      <para>éÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ)
	ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ.  óÒÅÄÉ ÐÒÏÞÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×
	ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÅ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ (major) ÎÏÍÅÒÁ
	(×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ×).  òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÙ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÐÏ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ ËÌÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
	API ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ <varname>d_version</varname>
	× <varname>struct cdevsw</varname>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ
	ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <sect4 id="mm">
	<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</title>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>meteor</devicename> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
	ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ.</para>

	<para>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á CVS
	  DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.  üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
	  PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ ÄÌÑ Radeon.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ ÂÙÌÉ ÒÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ;
	  <literal>device sound</literal> ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÉÊ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ,
	  Á <literal>device snd_*</literal> ÜÔÏ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.
	  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>midi</devicename>, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
	  ÐÏÒÔ É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ, ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
	  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:
	  &man.sound.4;, &man.snd.ad1816.4;, &man.snd.als4000.4;, &man.snd.cmi.4;,
	  &man.snd.cs4281.4;, &man.snd.csa.4;, &man.snd.ds1.4;, &man.snd.emu10k1.4;,
	  &man.snd.es137x.4;, &man.snd.gusc.4;, &man.snd.maestro3.4;,
	  &man.snd.sbc.4;, &man.snd.solo.4;, É &man.snd.uaudio.4;.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.sound.4; (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ &man.pcm.4;) ÂÙÌ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ
	  ÞÔÅÎÉÑ <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	  ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× mixer ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
	  ÞÔÏ × <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	  ÉÍÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ <literal>pcm</literal>.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
	  É ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  &man.sound.4;.</para>
      </sect4>

      <sect4 id="net-if">
	<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×</title>

	<para arch="i386">äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.arl.4;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Aironet Arlan 655. &merged;</para>

	<para arch="sparc64">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.dc.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁÒÔÙ
	  sparc64 Davicom, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ Ó×ÏÊ MAC ÁÄÒÅÓ × Open Firmware.</para>

	<para>âÙÌÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ ËÒÁÔËÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.em.4;
	  ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.  &merged;</para>

	<para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.fwip.4;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ IP ÞÅÒÅÚ
	  FireWire.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ
	  ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁÌÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ É MCAP ÄÌÑ
	  ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.
	  üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍ
	  RFC 2734 É RFC 3146 IP ÞÅÒÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.fwe.4;.</para>

	<para>&man.fxp.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
	  <varname>dev.fxp0</varname>, É ÜÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.</para>

	<para>&man.fxp.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÎÁÄ
	  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ ÆÒÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
	  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <literal>VLAN_MTU</literal>.
	  ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ &man.ifconfig.8; <option>vlanmtu</option>
	  É <option>-vlanmtu</option>.</para>

	<para arch="i386,pc98">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>hea</devicename>
	  (Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p
	  ATM adapter) ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.
	  åÇÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.en.4;.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.hme.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	  ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ ÆÒÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ &man.vlan.4; Ó ÐÏÌÎÙÍ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.hme.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	  TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ÒÁÚÇÒÕÚËÕ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÕÍÍÙ
	  (checksum offload) ÎÁ ÐÒÉÅÍ/ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ. ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ &man.hme.4; ÎÅ
	  ËÏÍÐÅÎÓÉÒÕÅÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ ÄÌÑ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>0x0</literal>,
	  UDP ÒÁÚÇÒÕÚËÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÕÍÍÙ ÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ
	  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <option>link0</option> ÞÅÒÅÚ
	  &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>

	<para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ixgb.4;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ËÁÒÔÙ
	  Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. &merged;</para>

	<para arch="i386">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>lmc</devicename>
	  (LAN Media Corp. PCI WAN adapter)
	  ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ
	  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ.</para>

	<para arch="i386">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>loran</devicename>
	  (Loran-C receiver) ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
	  ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ.</para>

	<para arch="i386">&os; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÊ
	  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &microsoft.windows; NDIS ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×
	  ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏÄ &os;/i386.  ïÎ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ relocator/linker
	  ÄÌÑ &windows; <filename>.SYS</filename> ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ Ó ÑÄÒÏÍ
	  &os; É ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ NDIS API ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÒÏÄÎÙÅ
	  ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ &os;.  üÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	  PCI (&man.pci.4;) É CardBus (&man.cardbus.4;), É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÄÌÑ Ethernet
	  É ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
	  ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ndis.4; É
	  &man.ndiscvt.8;.</para>

	<para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.nge.4;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÄÅÌÁÌÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ VLAN.  &merged;</para>

	<para>âÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ
	  &man.polling.4; × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.rl.4;.  &merged;</para>

	<para>âÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ
	  multicast É promiscuous ÒÅÖÉÍÏ× × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.sk.4;.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ste.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ &man.polling.4;.
	  &merged;</para>

	<para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.udav.4;.  ïÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
	  USB Ethernet ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ.</para>

	<para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.vge.4;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ
	  ÞÉÐ VIA Networking Technologies
	  VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ 10/100/1000 copper
	  PHY.</para>

	<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.vr.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ &man.polling.4;.
	  &merged;</para>

	<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÕÍÍÙ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.xl.4;
	  ÂÙÌÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ É ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÌÁ
	  ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  &merged;</para>

	<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ &man.polling.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
	  ÐÏÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÎÏ.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ &man.polling.4;:
	  &man.dc.4;, &man.fxp.4;, &man.em.4;, &man.ixgb.4;,
          &man.nge.4;, &man.re.4;, &man.rl.4;, &man.sis.4;, &man.ste.4;, &man.vge.4;,
          É &man.vr.4;.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
	  ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.ifconfig.8; (ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ &man.ixgb.4;).  &merged;</para>
      </sect4>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="net-proto">
      <title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ</title>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ &man.gre.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
	2.</para>

      <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ &man.ipfw.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>versrcreach</literal>, ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ Ë ÁÄÒÅÓÕ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
	üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ× Ó ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	(BGP) ÄÌÑ ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÍÁÒÛÔÕÔÉÚÉÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ
	ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏ×.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,

	<programlisting>deny ip from any to any not versrcreach</programlisting>

	ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS:

	<programlisting>ip verify unicast source reachable-via any</programlisting>
      </para>

      <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ &man.ipfw.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>antispoof</literal>, ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ
	ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.
	åÓÌÉ ÓÅÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÏÎ ÐÒÉÛÅÌ.  ëÏÇÄÁ
	×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ É ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
	ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ, ÐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÕ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:

	<programlisting>deny ip from any to any not antispoof in</programlisting>
      </para>

      <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ &man.ipfw.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>jail</literal>, ÄÌÑ ÁÓÓÏÃÉÁÃÉÉ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ID.
	îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:

	<programlisting>count ip from any to any jail 2</programlisting>

	éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë
	TCP É UDP ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
      </para>

      <para>&man.ipfw.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (lookup tables),
	ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×. &merged;</para>

      <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌÏ &man.ipfw.4; <literal>forward</literal> ÂÙÌÏ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ×
	ÑÄÒÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</literal>.</para>

      <para>îÏ×ÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl
	<varname>net.inet.ip.process_options</varname> ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× IP.  ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <literal>0</literal>
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ IP ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ É ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
	× <literal>1</literal> ×ÓÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ IP ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ), Á ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <literal>2</literal> ×ÓÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
	Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ IP ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter
	prohibited.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ
	KAME Project.  üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙÌÉ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ×
	ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ,
	ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÞÉÓÔËÉ Security Policy Database (SPD).</para>

      <para>&man.natd.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍÐÌÑÒÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>globalports</option>.  ïÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	&man.natd.8; ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍ É
	ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÉÐ ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.atmllc.4;,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁÐÓÕÌÑÃÉÅÊ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÉÐ ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.hub.4;,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÕÀ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÕ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË
	ËÏÎÃÅÎÔÒÁÔÏÒ Ethernet.  &merged;</para>

      <para>ôÉÐ ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.rfc1490.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	ÉÎËÁÐÓÕÌÑÃÉÀ × ÓÔÉÌÅ Cisco, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC 1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÉÐ ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.sppp.4;, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ
	ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ &man.netgraph.4; Ë ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍÕ ÍÏÄÕÌÀ
	&man.sppp.4; ÄÌÑ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÈ ÌÉÎÉÊ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉÌÑ ÕÚÌÏ× Netgraph
	&man.ng.tee.4; Ó 4.<replaceable>X</replaceable>.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÉÐ ÕÚÌÁ Netgraph &man.ng.vlan.4;,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging.  &merged;</para>

      <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <literal>PFIL_HOOKS</literal> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ
	×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄÒÏ, É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ ÂÙÌÉ
	ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ.  ÷ÓÅ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
	&os;, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ
	<literal>PFIL_HOOKS</literal>.</para>

      <para>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Õ×ÅÄÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ Ethernet.</para>

      <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × &man.ppp.8;
	ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï.  LQM, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ PPP
	ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. &merged;</para>

      <para>ëÌÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙÌÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× &man.stf.4;
	Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ <devicename>stf0</devicename>,
	<devicename>stf</devicename>, ÉÌÉ
	<devicename>6to4</devicename>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ
	ÜÔÏ ÎÁÒÕÛÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÅÐÅÒØ
	<command>ifconfig stf</command> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
	<devicename>stf</devicename>, Á ÎÅ
	<devicename>stf0</devicename>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ
	<devicename>stf0</devicename> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</para>

      <para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ:
	RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit), RFC 3390 (increased initial
        congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
        limiting.  äÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
	sysctl <varname>net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</varname>,
	<varname>net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</varname>, É
	<varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</varname>.
	äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
	&man.tcp.4;.</para>

      <para>&os; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ TCP ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	MSS (ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ sysctl
	<varname>net.inet.tcp.minmss</varname>) É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÏËÁ
	ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÝÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅÌËÉÈ TCP
	ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏÒÏÔËÉÊ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ (ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ sysctl
	<varname>net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</varname>).  óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ,
	ÐÒÅ×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÂÒÏÛÅÎÙ.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
	ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÝÉÔÕ ÏÔ ÃÅÌÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ
	ÁÔÁË.</para>

      <para>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ TCP ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÞÁÓÔÉÞÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
	RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ).  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÍÁÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	<literal>TCP_SIGNATURE</literal> É <literal>FAST_IPSEC</literal>,
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅÍ TCP ÄÌÑ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ.
	&man.setkey.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ TCP-MD5 ËÌÁÓÓÁ
	ÁÓÓÏÃÉÁÃÉÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  &merged;</para>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙÌÁ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓÌÏÖÎÉÔØ
	reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÒÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÉ
	ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉÒÏÞÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP ÓÔÅËÏ×.</para>

      <para>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙÌÁ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÁ.  ëÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ
	× Initial Sequence Number (ISN) ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
	ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ISN
	×ÓÅÇÄÁ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÏ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÅ <quote>ÜÆÅÍÅÒÎÏÅ</quote> ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÒÔÁ (random ephemeral port allocation), ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD.  ïÎÏ
	×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
	sysctl <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</varname>.
	&merged;</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
	RFC 2018.  üÔÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó
	ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÍÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  SACK ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	sysctl <varname>net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</varname>.</para>

    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="disks">
      <title>äÉÓËÉ É ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ata.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ &man.cardbus.4;
	ATA/SATA.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.ata.4;.
	îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	master/slave ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ Ó ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁÍÉ.</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ata.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command
	sequencer, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÈ Promise
	(PDC203** PDC206**).

	<note>
	  <para>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÌÑ
	    Promise SX4/SX4000 × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å <quote>ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ</quote> Promise ATA
	    ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁ; ATA RAID ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	    Ó ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</para>
	</note>
      </para>

      <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>DA_OLD_QUIRKS</literal>,
	ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (&man.cam.4;)
	ÂÙÌ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ.  &merged;</para>

      <para arch="pc98">âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
	×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÌÏÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.fd.4;.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × &man.geom.4;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë
	ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_CONCAT</literal> ÄÌÑ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_NOP</literal> ÄÌÑ
	ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4;
	<literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ &man.graid3.8;.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_STRIPE</literal>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÅÔ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0.
	÷ ÜÔÏÍ ËÌÁÓÓÅ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÒÅÖÉÍÁ: <quote>fast</quote> É
	<quote>economic</quote>.  ÷ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ fast,
	ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÔÒÁÊÐÁ,
	ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ
	× ÓÔÒÁÊÐÅ; ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ × 10 ÒÁÚ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ ÄÌÑ
	ÓÔÒÁÊÐÏ× ÍÁÌÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÅÍ ÒÅÖÉÍ economic É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ RAID0.
	èÏÔÑ ÒÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
	ÏÎ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ðÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ <varname>kern.geom.stripe.fast</varname>
	× 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÒÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
	ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ.
	÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÁÍÑÔÉ,
	ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
	ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ <varname>kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</varname>.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ
	&man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_GATE</literal> É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	GEOM Gate (&man.ggatel.8;, &man.ggatec.8;,
	and &man.ggated.8;).  ïÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
	×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÈ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÎÙÅ Ë &man.geom.4; ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_LABEL</literal>
	ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ,
	ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É
	ISO9660.</para>

      <para>îÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_GPT</literal>, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ,
	ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4;
	<literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal>, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ
	RAID1.  äÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
	&man.gmirror.8;.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4;
	<literal>GEOM_UZIP</literal>, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.  îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×
	cloop V2.0.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ &man.geom.4; <literal>GEOM_VINUM</literal> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ &man.vinum.4; É &man.geom.4;.</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ips.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ
	Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</para>

      <para arch="sparc64">âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ &man.isp.4;,
	ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÅÌÁÌÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ËÁÒÔ ÎÁ SBus.</para>

      <para arch="i386">âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.twa.4;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ
	ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ 3ware's 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID.  &merged;</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.umass.4; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	ATAPI MMC É ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ.  &merged;</para>

      <para>íÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÔÏÍÏ× &man.vinum.4; ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
        &man.geom.4;, ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÔÒÁÎÓÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×
	××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x.  âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	<command>gvinum</command>.</para>

      <para arch="sparc64">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &man.esp.4; ÂÙÌ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
	ÉÚ NetBSD ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ SBus SCSI ËÁÒÔ × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ Sun Ultra
        1e É 2.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ LSI-type ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</para>

    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="fs">
      <title>æÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

      <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ autofs(9) É ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	&man.libautofs.3;.</para>

      <para>ëÏÄ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÞÁÓÔÉÞÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
	ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× (&gt; 4GB).  þÁÓÔÉÞÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ,
	ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
	ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÄÏ <literal>EXT2_DYN_REV</literal> ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÔÅÈ,
	ÇÄÅ × ÓÕÐÅÒÂÌÏËÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÆÌÁÇ
	<literal>EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</literal>.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÌÁÓØ ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>MSDOSFS_LARGE</literal>
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ,
	ÞÅÍ 128GB.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ,
	ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ
	ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	× ÞÅÔËÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ÞÅÍ 1 ÍÉÌÌÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.  üËÓÐÏÒÔ ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
	ÐÏ NFS ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</para>

      <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ <quote>man in the middle</quote> É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
	ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÏÄÐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ,
	ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÅÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ;
	ÓÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ &man.mount.smbfs.8;.</para>
    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>óÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ</title>

      <para><application>ALTQ framework</application>
	ÂÙÌÁ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7 ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.
	üÔÏÔ ÉÍÐÏÒÔ ÎÁÒÕÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI ×
	<varname>struct ifnet</varname> É ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ
	×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×.
	ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ALTQ.  ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ &man.bfe.4;, &man.em.4;, &man.fxp.4;,
	&man.em.4;, &man.lnc.4;, &man.tun.4;, &man.de.4;,
	&man.rl.4;, &man.sis.4;, É &man.xl.4;.</para>

      <para><application>IPFilter</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
	×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.4.35 &merged;.</para>

      <para arch="ia64">âÙÌ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ia64 stack unwinder,
	<application>Unwind Express (libuwx)</application>
	ÏÔ Hewlett-Packard ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÑÄÒÅ.</para>
    </sect3>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="userland">
    <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title>

    <para>&man.acpidump.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ SSDT.  äÁÍÐ
      ÉÌÉ ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ
      ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ.</para>

    <para>&man.bsdlabel.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-f</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.bsdtar.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.tar.1;
      × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  <filename>/usr/bin/tar</filename>
      ÂÙÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ
      <filename>/usr/bin/bsdtar</filename>.  äÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ Ë
      <filename>/usr/bin/gtar</filename> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ <varname>WITH_GTAR</varname>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>bthidcontrol</command> É
      <command>bthidd</command>, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÅ Bluetooth
      HID (Human Interface Device).</para>

    <para>&man.col.1;, &man.colcrt.1;, &man.colrm.1;,
      &man.column.1;, &man.fmt.1;, &man.join.1;, &man.rev.1;,
      &man.tr.1;, É &man.ul.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ
      ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ.</para>

    <para>&man.conscontrol.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
      <literal>set</literal> É <literal>unset</literal>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ/ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.
      <literal>unset</literal> ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
      ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ &man.printf.9; ÉÚ ÑÄÒÁ, ÎÁ ÒÅÁÌØÎÕÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ
      ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.  üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl
      <literal>TIOCCONS</literal>.</para>

    <para>äÁÅÍÏÎ &man.cron.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ,
      <option>-j</option> É <option>-J</option>, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÅ
      ÒÁÓÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.
      òÁÓÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ
      &man.cron.8; ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÊ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ
      ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÅ.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ
      ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ
      ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÚÁÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
      ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ. &merged;</para>
 
    <para>ïÛÉÂËÁ, ÍÅÛÁ×ÛÁÑ &man.crontab.1 Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-e</option>
      ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÓËÏÒÒÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÍ
      ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ, ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ.</para>

    <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ &man.cut.1; <option>-c</option>,
      <option>-d</option>, É <option>-f</option>
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ÌÏËÁÌÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ
      ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁÍÉ.</para>

    <para>&man.cvs.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï
      <option>iso8601</option> ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
      ISO 8601.</para>

    <para>&man.daemon.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-p</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.dd.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>fillchar</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
      ËÏÎ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <option>noerror</option> Ó
      <option>sync</option> ÐÒÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ××ÏÄÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.df.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-c</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × &man.df.1;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ
      Ë ×Ù×ÏÄÕ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
      <option>-t</option> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
      ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>

    <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <command>doscmd</command> ÂÙÌÁ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os; É ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
      role="package">emulators/doscmd</filename> ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
      &os;.</para>

    <para>&man.dump.8; É &man.restore.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <option>-P</option> ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
      (ÎÅ × ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÙ).  áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ &man.sh.1;
      Ó ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <varname>$DUMP_VOLUME</varname>
      ÉÌÉ <varname>$RESTORE_VOLUME</varname> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.
      äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
      &man.dump.8; É &man.restore.8;.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.eeprom.8; ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ É
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM ÉÌÉ NVRAM.
      óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÅ Ó
      Open Firmware.</para>

    <para arch="pc98">õÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.fdcontrol.8;, &man.fdformat.1;, É
      &man.fdread.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × &os;/pc98.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ &man.fgetwln.3;, ×ÅÒÓÉÑ &man.fgetln.3;
      ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.</para>

    <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.find.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <option>-acl</option> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó
      &man.acl.3;.</para>

    <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.find.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-depth <replaceable>n</replaceable></option>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÇÌÕÂÉÎÁ ×ÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
      ÆÁÊÌÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ
      <replaceable>n</replaceable>. &merged;</para>

    <para>&man.ftpd.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
      × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
      Á ÎÅ <username>root</username>.  üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
      ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÕ &man.ipfw.8; Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
      <literal>uid</literal>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÉ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ &man.ftw.3; É &man.nftw.3;.  ïÎÉ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÁ ÐÏ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.geom.8; ÄÌÑ ÏÐÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÌÁÓÓÁÍÉ
      &man.geom.4; ÉÚ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>

    <para>&man.gpt.8;, ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×,
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <option>remove</option>.  åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
      <option>add</option> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-i</option>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
      ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.id.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-M</option> ÄÌÑ
      ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.ifconfig.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
      ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ÌÅÔÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>name</option>.</para>

    <para>&man.ifconfig.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ &man.polling.4; ÓÔÁÔÕÓ
      ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.  &merged;</para>

    <para>&man.ifconfig.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
      <option>vlanmtu</option> É <option>-vlanmtu</option>,
      ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
      ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ ÆÒÅÊÍÏ× ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å.
      ÆÒÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</para>

    <para>&man.ifconfig.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
      <option>vlanhwtag</option> É <option>-vlanhwtag</option>,
      ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
      ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍ
      ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ.</para>

    <para>&man.indent.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-ldi</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ
      ÂÙÌÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</para>

    <para>&man.indent.1; now supports <option>-fbs</option> and
      <option>-ut</option> for function declarations
      with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration
      of arguments all spaces and no tabs in order
      to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</para>

    <para>&man.ip6fw.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÌÁÇ <option>-n</option> ÄÌÑ
      ÚÁÐÒÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ</para>

    <para>&man.ipcs.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-u</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï IPC ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÈ
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.</para>

    <para>&man.ipfw.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-b</option>
      ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ,
      ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÑ ÔÅÌÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.jail.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-U</option> ÄÌÑ
      ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ
      ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÒÅÄÙ &man.jail.2;.</para>

    <para>&man.jail.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-l</option> ÄÌÑ
      ÏÞÉÓÔËÉ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.  ÷ÓÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÏÞÉÝÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
      <varname>HOME</varname>, <varname>SHELL</varname>,
      <varname>PATH</varname>, <varname>TERM</varname>, É
      <varname>USER</varname> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ × jail ÐÏÄ
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.  üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ
      &man.su.1; Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-l</option>.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÑÄÒÁ &man.kgdb.1;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
      <application>libgdb</application> É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÍÏÄÕÌÑÍÉ
      ÑÄÒÁ É &man.kvm.3;.</para>

    <para>&man.killall.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÌÁÇ <option>-e</option>,
      Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ <option>-u</option> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ
      ID ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. &merged;</para>

    <para>÷ &man.libalias.3; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) ÄÌÑ
      ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ.  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ API ÂÙÌ
      ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ <application>libarchive</application>
      ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ ÁÒÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × &man.libarchive.3;.</para>

    <para arch="pc98"><application>libdisk</application> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
      ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ PC98 ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ &os;.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
      ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÕ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× &man.sysinstall.8; ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
      ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ &os;, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÊ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.  &merged;</para>

    <para><application>libdisk</application> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
      <varname>d_addr_t</varname> ÄÌÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×.
      üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ &man.sysinstall.8; ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ
      É ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÂÏÌÅÅ 1 TB.</para>

    <para arch="i386,pc98,amd64,ia64">âÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ, ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË
      <application>libkse</application>, ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ×
      <application>libpthread</application> É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÜÔÏ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ ÐÏÔÏËÏ× ÐÏ
      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ i386, amd64 É ia64.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <application>GCC</application> <option>-pthread</option> ÂÙÌ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <application>libpthread</application>
      ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <application>libc_r</application>.

      <note>
	<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.libmap.conf.5; ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÓÙÌÏË
	  <application>libc_r</application> É/ÉÌÉ
	  <application>libkse</application> ÎÁ
	  <application>libpthread</application>.</para>
      </note>

      <note>
	<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ NVIDIA ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× É ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &man.libmap.conf.5;,
	  × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙÌËÁ <application>libpthread</application> ÎÁ
	  ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ <application>libc_r</application>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
	  ÜÔÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó <application>libpthread</application>.</para>
      </note>
    </para>

    <para><application>libpthread</application> ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <varname>LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</varname>
      ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×).
      ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÂÏÒËÁ <application>libpthread</application> Ó
      ÆÌÁÇÏÍ <option>-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</option> ÔÁËÖÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ 1:1,
      É ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ M:N.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <varname>LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</varname>
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ M:N
      (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÔÏËÏ× ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ).  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <replaceable>threaded_app</replaceable></userinput></screen>

    <para>ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ <replaceable>threaded_app</replaceable>
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <replaceable>threaded_app</replaceable></userinput></screen>

    <para>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×
      ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.</para>

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      Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÌÏËÁÌÑÍÉ.</para>

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      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>LC_CTYPE</varname>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ
      ËÁËÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</para>

    <para>&man.make.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Õ
      <literal>.warning</literal>.</para>

    <para>&man.make.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÆÌÁÇ
      <literal>+</literal> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÏËÁÈ <filename>Makefile</filename>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÀ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <option>-n</option>.  üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÒÉ
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    <para>&man.make.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
      × ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ <varname>MAKEFLAGS</varname>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ
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      ×ÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.make.1; (ËÒÏÍÅ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>MAKEFLAGS</varname>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÜËÓËÌÀÚÉ×ÎÏ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ ×ÌÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make).  ðÏÍÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ,
      ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï ×ÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
      make, ËÒÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>

    <para arch="i386">âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÅ-GPL ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.mkuzip.8;,
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      Ó ÍÏÄÕÌÅÍ <literal>GEOM_UZIP</literal> &man.geom.4;.</para>

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      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>newsyslog.conf</filename>.</para>

    <para>&man.newsyslog.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÐÒÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ
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      ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÉÚ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ.</para>

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      ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
      role="package">misc/utf8locale</filename>.</para>

    <para>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØ Israel Hebrew
      <literal>he_IL.UTF-8</literal>.</para>

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      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÈ.</para>

    <para>&man.mountd.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-p</option>,
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      <option>-l</option> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel ÆÌÁÇÁ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
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    <para>&man.nologin.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÐÏÐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ
       &man.syslogd.8;.</para>

    <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.nologin.8; ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÁ ÉÚ
      <filename>/sbin/nologin</filename> ×
      <filename>/usr/sbin/nologin</filename>.
      <filename>/sbin/nologin</filename> ÓÔÁÌ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÄÌÑ
      ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ NSS ÂÙÌÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
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      ÞÌÅÎÏ×.</para>

    <para>÷ &man.od.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ×
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    <para>&man.patch.1; ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÍÅÝÅÎÁ BSD-ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ
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    <para>âÙÌÁ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ &man.ps.1; Ó POSIX/SUSv3.  üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
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      ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÕÄÁÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ.</para>

    <para>&man.savecore.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÍÐ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
      ÂÏÌØÛÅ 2GB.</para>

    <para>ïÛÉÂËÁ × &man.script.1; ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ, É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
      ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁËÒÙÔ.  üÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ
      ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÏÐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ <filename
      role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>; ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ
      ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ ÍÏÇ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ
      ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ &man.sdpd.8; Bluetooth Service Discovery
      Protocol.</para>

    <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.sed.1; <literal>y</literal> (ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ)
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.sha1.1; É &man.rmd160.1;.
      ðÏÄÏÂÎÏ &man.md5.1;, ÏÎÉ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
      &merged;</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.smbmsg.8;, ÄÌÑ
      ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ/ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ.</para>

    <para arch="sparc64">&man.sunlabel.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ
      ÆÌÁÇÁ: <option>-c</option> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ× ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ×
      ÃÉÌÉÎÄÒÁÈ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ×, É <option>-h</option> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÍÅÔËÉ ×
      ÕÄÏÂÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ/ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ.</para>

    <para>&man.talk.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <hostid>localhost</hostid>
      × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ
      &man.talkd.8;, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙ.
      üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ &man.talk.1; ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ
      ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ <hostid>localhost</hostid> × <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
      ÉÌÉ × DNS.</para>

    <para>&man.tftpd.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ:
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-w</option>, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×,
      É ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-U</option>, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ umask.</para>

    <para>&man.top.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
      I/O.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ <quote>m</quote>
      ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ <option>-m
      io</option>.</para>

    <para arch="amd64">&man.truss.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÒÁÎÎÀÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
      &os;/amd64.</para>

    <para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ
      ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ) ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ
      ×ÅÒÓÉÀ &man.getopt.long.3;, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×ÅÒÓÉÉ.</para>

    <sect3 id="rc-scripts">
      <title>óËÒÉÐÔÙ <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename></title>

      <para>óËÒÉÐÔ <filename>diskless</filename> ÂÙÌ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎ ÎÁ
	<filename>hostname</filename>, <filename>resolve</filename>,
	<filename>tmp</filename> É <filename>var</filename>.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>gbde_swap</filename>,
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ gbde ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  ðÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	<varname>gbde_swap_enable</varname> × &man.rc.conf.5;, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ <filename>/dev/<replaceable>foo.bde</replaceable></filename>
	ÉÚ &man.fstab.5; Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
	Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <filename>/dev/<replaceable>foo</replaceable></filename>
	É ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ËÌÀÞÏÍ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÁÑ ÓÕÍÍÁ MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ,
	ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <filename>/dev/random</filename>.
	ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍÐÏ×
	ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

      <para>âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ <varname>ip6addrctl_enable</varname> É
	<varname>ip6addrctl_verbose</varname>.  ëÏÇÄÁ
	<varname>ip6addrctl_enable</varname> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
	<literal>YES</literal>, ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	ÑÄÒÏ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ <filename>/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</filename>,
	ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ÐÏ
	ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC 3484,
	ÅÓÌÉ <varname>ipv6_enable</varname> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
	<literal>YES</literal>.  éÎÁÞÅ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv4.</para>

      <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>mixer</filename>.  ðÒÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁÕÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅÒÏ×, ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ
	× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.</para>

      <para>óËÒÉÐÔ <filename>named</filename> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	<application>BIND 9</application> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
	×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>&man.named.8; ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	    &man.chroot.2; <filename>/var/named</filename>.
	    üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	    <varname>named_chrootdir</varname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	    <varname>named_chrootdir</varname>,
	    Á ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ &man.chroot.2; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	    <varname>named_chrootdir</varname> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁÊÌÅ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <varname>named_chroot_autoupdate</varname>
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × <literal>YES</literal> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ),
	    ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
	    óÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ
	    <filename>/var/named/etc/namedb</filename>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
	    <filename>/etc/namedb</filename>, Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ,
	    ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ×
	    <filename>/var/named/var/run/named/pid</filename>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ
	    ËÁË <filename>/var/run/named/pid</filename>.  ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	    ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>named_symlink_enable</varname>
	    × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>rndc.key</filename> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ
	    Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ <filename>pf</filename> É
	<filename>pflog</filename> ÄÌÑ &man.pf.4;.</para>
    </sect3>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="contrib">
    <title>óÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <para>ëÏÄ <application>ACPI-CA</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      Ó ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ 20040527.</para>

    <para><application>AMD (am-utils)</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      6.0.9 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 6.0.10p1.</para>

    <para><application>awk</application> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ÒÅÌÉÚÁ
      ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×ÒÁÌÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</para>

    <para><application>BIND</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
     8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 9.3.0.  &merged;</para>

    <para><application>Binutils</application> ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ
      23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É FSF 2.15.</para>

    <para><application>CVS</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      1.11.15 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.11.17.  &merged;</para>
 
    <para><application>FILE</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      3.41 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.10.</para>

    <para><application>gdtoa</application> (ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÁÑ
      ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÞÉÓÅÌ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉÞÎÙÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÍÉ)
      ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 20040118.</para>

    <para><application>GDB</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      6.1.1.</para>
 
    <para><application>GNU GCC</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑÂÒÑ, 2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease
      ÏÔ 28 ÉÀÌÑ, 2004.</para>

    <para><application>GNU grep</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</para>

    <para><application>less</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 381.</para>

    <para><application>GNU readline</application> 4.3 ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ
      ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÔÞÁÍÉ Ó 001 ÄÏ 005.</para>

    <para>âÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ <application>GNU regex</application> ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ
      ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ × <application>GNU grep</application>
      2.5.1.</para>

    <para><application>GNU sort</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ coreutils 5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇÕÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</para>

    <para>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ <application>GNU tar</application> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <filename>gtar</filename>.</para>

    <para><application>Heimdal Kerberos</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ
      Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 0.6.1.</para>

    <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ <application>ISC DHCP</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ c ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.0.1
      RC10 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.0.1.</para>

    <para><application>libpcap</application> ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      0.7.1 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</para>

    <para><application>lukemftpd</application>
      ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑÂÒÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ
      9 Á×ÇÕÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</para>

    <para><application>NTP</application>
      ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</para>

    <para><application>OpenPAM</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ÒÅÌÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ Eelgrass.</para>

    <para><application>OpenSSH</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.8.1p1.

      <note>
	<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ &man.sshd.8; ÂÙÌÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ.
	  SSH ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
	  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÀ ÞÅÒÅÚ SSH ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ
	  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÅÓÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ PAM.</para>
      </note>

    </para>

    <para><application>OpenSSL</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.  &merged;</para>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <application>OpenSSL</application> VIA C3 Nehemiah
      PadLock ACE (Advanced Cryptography Engine) ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),
      ÂÙÌÁ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÒÅÒÅÌÉÚÁ
      <application>OpenSSL</application>.</para>

    <para><application>pf</application>, ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒ OpenBSD
      ÉÚ OpenBSD&nbsp;3.5-stable, ÂÙÌ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× &os;,
      É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ
      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (<username>proxy</username> É
      <username>_pflogd</username>) É ÔÒÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ
      (<username>authpf</username>, <username>proxy</username> É
      <username>_pflogd</username>),
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <application>pf</application>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>ðÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ
	  ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.  äÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × &man.passwd.5;
	  É &man.group.5; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ
	  <literal>mergemaster -p</literal>.
	  äÌÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ
	  <application>pf</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <varname>NO_PF</varname> ×
	  <filename>make.conf</filename>.</para>
      </note>

    <para>âÙÌÉ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ OpenBSD
      <application>pf</application>.
      &man.ftp-proxy.8; ÜÔÏ ftp ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÄÌÑ &man.pf.4;,
      &man.pfctl.8; ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔ &man.ipf.8;,
      &man.pflogd.8; ÜÔÏ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
      ÞÅÒÅÚ <literal>if_pflog</literal> × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ &man.pcap.3;, É
      &man.authpf.8; ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ
      &man.pf.4;.</para>

    <para><application>routed</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó
      ÒÅÌÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó rhyolite.com.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ
      ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5 ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ,
      &man.routed.8; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÍÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ &os;;
      ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ Sun, Cisco É
      ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ×.</para>

    <para><application>sendmail</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      8.12.10 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 8.13.1.  &merged;</para>

    <para><application>tcpdump</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      3.7.1 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</para>

    <para><application>tcsh</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</para>

    <para>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ Ó
      <filename>tzdata2003a</filename> ÄÏ
      <filename>tzdata2004a</filename>.</para>

    <para><application>zlib</application> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      1.1.4 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="ports">
    <title>éÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×</title>

    <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
      ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ &man.rc.8;,
      ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÕÀ × &os; 5.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÐÏÒÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ × ÓÔÁÒÏÍ ÓÔÉÌÅ.  ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉÌÅ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ × ÓÔÁÒÏÍ.  ðÒÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å
      ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ.</para>

    <para>âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔ <literal>SIZE</literal>
      ÄÌÑ distfiles, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ×
      ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ.  <varname>DISABLE_SIZE</varname>
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ.  üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ
      ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
      × &man.fetch.1;, É ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ
      ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ.</para>

    <para>äÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÂÙÌÉ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁÊÌÁ: <filename>ports/CHANGES</filename>
      ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÅÅ
      ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ.  <filename>ports/UPDATING</filename> ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ
      ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÎÙÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÔØÓÑ
      ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÐÏ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÉ Ó
      <filename>src/UPDATING</filename> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>

    <para>ëÏÄ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÈ
      <filename>pkg_*</filename> ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
      Ó 4.x É <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>.</para>

    <para>éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
      ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÏ× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É ×ÙÂÏÒÏ× × ÓÔÉÌÅ csh <literal>{...}</literal>,
      ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -I 'docbook>=3.0'</userinput></screen>

    <para>ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 3.0.
      äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ
      ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ×.</para>

    <para>âÙÌÁ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>

    <para>&man.pkg.create.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-S</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ <literal>@cwd</literal> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
      ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.</para>

    <para>&man.pkg.info.1; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-j</option>
      ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="releng">
    <title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÃÉÑ</title>

    <para arch="i386,pc98">ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÂÙÌ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
      ÐÅÒÅÓÍÏÔÒÅÎ.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
      × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ <filename>GENERIC</filename>
      ÑÄÒÏ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä×Á ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ).
      üÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÕÌÕÞÛÁÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ
      Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÅ
      ÑÄÒÏ (É, ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÔÏ ÖÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ), ÞÔÏ É ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
      Ó CDROM.  õÒÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ <filename>MFSROOT</filename> ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ,
      É ÏÂÒÁÚ <filename>mfsroot</filename> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
      ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ.  ïÂÒÁÚÙ <filename>boot.flp</filename> É
      <filename>driver.flp</filename> ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ
      ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ × &os; ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ
      ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×, É ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ <literal>crypto</literal>
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÞÁÓÔØ <literal>base</literal>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÓÂÏÒËÉ <option>-DNOCRYPT</option> ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
      ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏÞÅÔ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÅÚ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
      ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ <application>GNOME</application>
      ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.6.

      <note>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ <application>GNOME</application>
	  ÄÅÓËÔÏÐ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ (<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>),
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	  &man.portupgrade.1; (<filename
	  role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ
	  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <application>GNOME</application>
	  × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏÐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
	  <ulink url="&url.base;/gnome/docs/faq26.html"></ulink>,
	  É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>gnome_upgrade.sh</filename> ÄÌÑ
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <application>GNOME</application>
	  2.6.</para>

	<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	  ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ <application>GNOME</application>, &man.portupgrade.1;
	  ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
      </note>
    </para>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ <application>KDE</application> ÂÙÌ
      ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</para>

    <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <filename role="package">security/portaudit</filename>
      ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;.  üÔÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
      ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
      ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ.</para>

    <para>&os; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <application>Xorg</application> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
      <application>XFree86</application> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
      ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ <application>Xorg</application> &ndash; X11R6.7.0.
      ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ <application>XFree86</application> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÉÚ
      ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; (<filename
      role="package">x11/XFree86-4</filename>).</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="doc">
    <title>äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ</title>

    <para></para>

  </sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="upgrade">
  <title>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× &os;</title>

  <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ Ó ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ &os; 
    <emphasis>ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ</emphasis> ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ
    <quote>òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ &os; &release.current;</quote>.
    îÁ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅ ÉÌÉ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ
    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
    <filename>EARLY.TXT</filename>.  ïÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ
    ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó
    4.<replaceable>X</replaceable> É ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ
    5.<replaceable>X</replaceable>.</para>

  <important>
    <para>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ &os; ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ
      ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <emphasis>×ÓÅÈ</emphasis> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É
      ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.</para>
  </important>
</sect1>