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diff --git a/tests/gzip/init.sh b/tests/gzip/init.sh
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+# source this file; set up for tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Using this file in a test
+# =========================
+#
+# The typical skeleton of a test looks like this:
+#
+# #!/bin/sh
+# . "${srcdir=.}/init.sh"; path_prepend_ .
+# Execute some commands.
+# Note that these commands are executed in a subdirectory, therefore you
+# need to prepend "../" to relative filenames in the build directory.
+# Note that the "path_prepend_ ." is useful only if the body of your
+# test invokes programs residing in the initial directory.
+# For example, if the programs you want to test are in src/, and this test
+# script is named tests/test-1, then you would use "path_prepend_ ../src",
+# or perhaps export PATH='$(abs_top_builddir)/src$(PATH_SEPARATOR)'"$$PATH"
+# to all tests via automake's TESTS_ENVIRONMENT.
+# Set the exit code 0 for success, 77 for skipped, or 1 or other for failure.
+# Use the skip_ and fail_ functions to print a diagnostic and then exit
+# with the corresponding exit code.
+# Exit $?
+
+# Executing a test that uses this file
+# ====================================
+#
+# Running a single test:
+# $ make check TESTS=test-foo.sh
+#
+# Running a single test, with verbose output:
+# $ make check TESTS=test-foo.sh VERBOSE=yes
+#
+# Running a single test, with single-stepping:
+# 1. Go into a sub-shell:
+# $ bash
+# 2. Set relevant environment variables from TESTS_ENVIRONMENT in the
+# Makefile:
+# $ export srcdir=../../tests # this is an example
+# 3. Execute the commands from the test, copy&pasting them one by one:
+# $ . "$srcdir/init.sh"; path_prepend_ .
+# ...
+# 4. Finally
+# $ exit
+
+ME_=`expr "./$0" : '.*/\(.*\)$'`
+
+# We use a trap below for cleanup. This requires us to go through
+# hoops to get the right exit status transported through the handler.
+# So use 'Exit STATUS' instead of 'exit STATUS' inside of the tests.
+# Turn off errexit here so that we don't trip the bug with OSF1/Tru64
+# sh inside this function.
+Exit () { set +e; (exit $1); exit $1; }
+
+# Print warnings (e.g., about skipped and failed tests) to this file number.
+# Override by defining to say, 9, in init.cfg, and putting say,
+# export ...ENVVAR_SETTINGS...; $(SHELL) 9>&2
+# in the definition of TESTS_ENVIRONMENT in your tests/Makefile.am file.
+# This is useful when using automake's parallel tests mode, to print
+# the reason for skip/failure to console, rather than to the .log files.
+: ${stderr_fileno_=2}
+
+# Note that correct expansion of "$*" depends on IFS starting with ' '.
+# Always write the full diagnostic to stderr.
+# When stderr_fileno_ is not 2, also emit the first line of the
+# diagnostic to that file descriptor.
+warn_ ()
+{
+ # If IFS does not start with ' ', set it and emit the warning in a subshell.
+ case $IFS in
+ ' '*) printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
+ test $stderr_fileno_ = 2 \
+ || { printf '%s\n' "$*" | sed 1q >&$stderr_fileno_ ; } ;;
+ *) (IFS=' '; warn_ "$@");;
+ esac
+}
+fail_ () { warn_ "$ME_: failed test: $@"; Exit 1; }
+skip_ () { warn_ "$ME_: skipped test: $@"; Exit 77; }
+fatal_ () { warn_ "$ME_: hard error: $@"; Exit 99; }
+framework_failure_ () { warn_ "$ME_: set-up failure: $@"; Exit 99; }
+
+# This is used to simplify checking of the return value
+# which is useful when ensuring a command fails as desired.
+# I.e., just doing `command ... &&fail=1` will not catch
+# a segfault in command for example. With this helper you
+# instead check an explicit exit code like
+# returns_ 1 command ... || fail
+returns_ () {
+ # Disable tracing so it doesn't interfere with stderr of the wrapped command
+ { set +x; } 2>/dev/null
+
+ local exp_exit="$1"
+ shift
+ "$@"
+ test $? -eq $exp_exit && ret_=0 || ret_=1
+
+ if test "$VERBOSE" = yes && test "$gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_" = false; then
+ set -x
+ fi
+ { return $ret_; } 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# Sanitize this shell to POSIX mode, if possible.
+DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE
+if test -n "${ZSH_VERSION+set}" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+ emulate sh
+ NULLCMD=:
+ alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"'
+ setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
+else
+ case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in
+ *posix*) set -o posix ;;
+ esac
+fi
+
+# We require $(...) support unconditionally.
+# We require a few additional shell features only when $EXEEXT is nonempty,
+# in order to support automatic $EXEEXT emulation:
+# - hyphen-containing alias names
+# - we prefer to use ${var#...} substitution, rather than having
+# to work around lack of support for that feature.
+# The following code attempts to find a shell with support for these features.
+# If the current shell passes the test, we're done. Otherwise, test other
+# shells until we find one that passes. If one is found, re-exec it.
+# If no acceptable shell is found, skip the current test.
+#
+# The "...set -x; P=1 true 2>err..." test is to disqualify any shell that
+# emits "P=1" into err, as /bin/sh from SunOS 5.11 and OpenBSD 4.7 do.
+#
+# Use "9" to indicate success (rather than 0), in case some shell acts
+# like Solaris 10's /bin/sh but exits successfully instead of with status 2.
+
+# Eval this code in a subshell to determine a shell's suitability.
+# 10 - passes all tests; ok to use
+# 9 - ok, but enabling "set -x" corrupts app stderr; prefer higher score
+# ? - not ok
+gl_shell_test_script_='
+test $(echo y) = y || exit 1
+f_local_() { local v=1; }; f_local_ || exit 1
+score_=10
+if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+ test -n "$( (exec 3>&1; set -x; P=1 true 2>&3) 2> /dev/null)" && score_=9
+fi
+test -z "$EXEEXT" && exit $score_
+shopt -s expand_aliases
+alias a-b="echo zoo"
+v=abx
+ test ${v%x} = ab \
+ && test ${v#a} = bx \
+ && test $(a-b) = zoo \
+ && exit $score_
+'
+
+if test "x$1" = "x--no-reexec"; then
+ shift
+else
+ # Assume a working shell. Export to subshells (setup_ needs this).
+ gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=false
+ export gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_
+
+ # Record the first marginally acceptable shell.
+ marginal_=
+
+ # Search for a shell that meets our requirements.
+ for re_shell_ in __current__ "${CONFIG_SHELL:-no_shell}" \
+ /bin/sh bash dash zsh pdksh fail
+ do
+ test "$re_shell_" = no_shell && continue
+
+ # If we've made it all the way to the sentinel, "fail" without
+ # finding even a marginal shell, skip this test.
+ if test "$re_shell_" = fail; then
+ test -z "$marginal_" && skip_ failed to find an adequate shell
+ re_shell_=$marginal_
+ break
+ fi
+
+ # When testing the current shell, simply "eval" the test code.
+ # Otherwise, run it via $re_shell_ -c ...
+ if test "$re_shell_" = __current__; then
+ # 'eval'ing this code makes Solaris 10's /bin/sh exit with
+ # $? set to 2. It does not evaluate any of the code after the
+ # "unexpected" first '('. Thus, we must run it in a subshell.
+ ( eval "$gl_shell_test_script_" ) > /dev/null 2>&1
+ else
+ "$re_shell_" -c "$gl_shell_test_script_" 2>/dev/null
+ fi
+
+ st_=$?
+
+ # $re_shell_ works just fine. Use it.
+ if test $st_ = 10; then
+ gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=false
+ break
+ fi
+
+ # If this is our first marginally acceptable shell, remember it.
+ if test "$st_:$marginal_" = 9: ; then
+ marginal_="$re_shell_"
+ gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=true
+ fi
+ done
+
+ if test "$re_shell_" != __current__; then
+ # Found a usable shell. Preserve -v and -x.
+ case $- in
+ *v*x* | *x*v*) opts_=-vx ;;
+ *v*) opts_=-v ;;
+ *x*) opts_=-x ;;
+ *) opts_= ;;
+ esac
+ re_shell=$re_shell_
+ export re_shell
+ exec "$re_shell_" $opts_ "$0" --no-reexec "$@"
+ echo "$ME_: exec failed" 1>&2
+ exit 127
+ fi
+fi
+
+# If this is bash, turn off all aliases.
+test -n "$BASH_VERSION" && unalias -a
+
+# Note that when supporting $EXEEXT (transparently mapping from PROG_NAME to
+# PROG_NAME.exe), we want to support hyphen-containing names like test-acos.
+# That is part of the shell-selection test above. Why use aliases rather
+# than functions? Because support for hyphen-containing aliases is more
+# widespread than that for hyphen-containing function names.
+test -n "$EXEEXT" && shopt -s expand_aliases
+
+# Enable glibc's malloc-perturbing option.
+# This is useful for exposing code that depends on the fact that
+# malloc-related functions often return memory that is mostly zeroed.
+# If you have the time and cycles, use valgrind to do an even better job.
+: ${MALLOC_PERTURB_=87}
+export MALLOC_PERTURB_
+
+# This is a stub function that is run upon trap (upon regular exit and
+# interrupt). Override it with a per-test function, e.g., to unmount
+# a partition, or to undo any other global state changes.
+cleanup_ () { :; }
+
+# Emit a header similar to that from diff -u; Print the simulated "diff"
+# command so that the order of arguments is clear. Don't bother with @@ lines.
+emit_diff_u_header_ ()
+{
+ printf '%s\n' "diff -u $*" \
+ "--- $1 1970-01-01" \
+ "+++ $2 1970-01-01"
+}
+
+# Arrange not to let diff or cmp operate on /dev/null,
+# since on some systems (at least OSF/1 5.1), that doesn't work.
+# When there are not two arguments, or no argument is /dev/null, return 2.
+# When one argument is /dev/null and the other is not empty,
+# cat the nonempty file to stderr and return 1.
+# Otherwise, return 0.
+compare_dev_null_ ()
+{
+ test $# = 2 || return 2
+
+ if test "x$1" = x/dev/null; then
+ test -s "$2" || return 0
+ emit_diff_u_header_ "$@"; sed 's/^/+/' "$2"
+ return 1
+ fi
+
+ if test "x$2" = x/dev/null; then
+ test -s "$1" || return 0
+ emit_diff_u_header_ "$@"; sed 's/^/-/' "$1"
+ return 1
+ fi
+
+ return 2
+}
+
+if diff_out_=`exec 2>/dev/null; diff -u "$0" "$0" < /dev/null` \
+ && diff -u Makefile "$0" 2>/dev/null | grep '^[+]#!' >/dev/null; then
+ # diff accepts the -u option and does not (like AIX 7 'diff') produce an
+ # extra space on column 1 of every content line.
+ if test -z "$diff_out_"; then
+ compare_ () { diff -u "$@"; }
+ else
+ compare_ ()
+ {
+ if diff -u "$@" > diff.out; then
+ # No differences were found, but Solaris 'diff' produces output
+ # "No differences encountered". Hide this output.
+ rm -f diff.out
+ true
+ else
+ cat diff.out
+ rm -f diff.out
+ false
+ fi
+ }
+ fi
+elif
+ for diff_opt_ in -U3 -c '' no; do
+ test "$diff_opt_" = no && break
+ diff_out_=`exec 2>/dev/null; diff $diff_opt_ "$0" "$0" </dev/null` && break
+ done
+ test "$diff_opt_" != no
+then
+ if test -z "$diff_out_"; then
+ compare_ () { diff $diff_opt_ "$@"; }
+ else
+ compare_ ()
+ {
+ if diff $diff_opt_ "$@" > diff.out; then
+ # No differences were found, but AIX and HP-UX 'diff' produce output
+ # "No differences encountered" or "There are no differences between the
+ # files.". Hide this output.
+ rm -f diff.out
+ true
+ else
+ cat diff.out
+ rm -f diff.out
+ false
+ fi
+ }
+ fi
+elif cmp -s /dev/null /dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+ compare_ () { cmp -s "$@"; }
+else
+ compare_ () { cmp "$@"; }
+fi
+
+# Usage: compare EXPECTED ACTUAL
+#
+# Given compare_dev_null_'s preprocessing, defer to compare_ if 2 or more.
+# Otherwise, propagate $? to caller: any diffs have already been printed.
+compare ()
+{
+ # This looks like it can be factored to use a simple "case $?"
+ # after unchecked compare_dev_null_ invocation, but that would
+ # fail in a "set -e" environment.
+ if compare_dev_null_ "$@"; then
+ return 0
+ else
+ case $? in
+ 1) return 1;;
+ *) compare_ "$@";;
+ esac
+ fi
+}
+
+# An arbitrary prefix to help distinguish test directories.
+testdir_prefix_ () { printf gt; }
+
+# Run the user-overridable cleanup_ function, remove the temporary
+# directory and exit with the incoming value of $?.
+remove_tmp_ ()
+{
+ __st=$?
+ cleanup_
+ # cd out of the directory we're about to remove
+ cd "$initial_cwd_" || cd / || cd /tmp
+ chmod -R u+rwx "$test_dir_"
+ # If removal fails and exit status was to be 0, then change it to 1.
+ rm -rf "$test_dir_" || { test $__st = 0 && __st=1; }
+ exit $__st
+}
+
+# Given a directory name, DIR, if every entry in it that matches *.exe
+# contains only the specified bytes (see the case stmt below), then print
+# a space-separated list of those names and return 0. Otherwise, don't
+# print anything and return 1. Naming constraints apply also to DIR.
+find_exe_basenames_ ()
+{
+ feb_dir_=$1
+ feb_fail_=0
+ feb_result_=
+ feb_sp_=
+ for feb_file_ in $feb_dir_/*.exe; do
+ # If there was no *.exe file, or there existed a file named "*.exe" that
+ # was deleted between the above glob expansion and the existence test
+ # below, just skip it.
+ test "x$feb_file_" = "x$feb_dir_/*.exe" && test ! -f "$feb_file_" \
+ && continue
+ # Exempt [.exe, since we can't create a function by that name, yet
+ # we can't invoke [ by PATH search anyways due to shell builtins.
+ test "x$feb_file_" = "x$feb_dir_/[.exe" && continue
+ case $feb_file_ in
+ *[!-a-zA-Z/0-9_.+]*) feb_fail_=1; break;;
+ *) # Remove leading file name components as well as the .exe suffix.
+ feb_file_=${feb_file_##*/}
+ feb_file_=${feb_file_%.exe}
+ feb_result_="$feb_result_$feb_sp_$feb_file_";;
+ esac
+ feb_sp_=' '
+ done
+ test $feb_fail_ = 0 && printf %s "$feb_result_"
+ return $feb_fail_
+}
+
+# Consider the files in directory, $1.
+# For each file name of the form PROG.exe, create an alias named
+# PROG that simply invokes PROG.exe, then return 0. If any selected
+# file name or the directory name, $1, contains an unexpected character,
+# define no alias and return 1.
+create_exe_shims_ ()
+{
+ case $EXEEXT in
+ '') return 0 ;;
+ .exe) ;;
+ *) echo "$0: unexpected \$EXEEXT value: $EXEEXT" 1>&2; return 1 ;;
+ esac
+
+ base_names_=`find_exe_basenames_ $1` \
+ || { echo "$0 (exe_shim): skipping directory: $1" 1>&2; return 0; }
+
+ if test -n "$base_names_"; then
+ for base_ in $base_names_; do
+ alias "$base_"="$base_$EXEEXT"
+ done
+ fi
+
+ return 0
+}
+
+# Use this function to prepend to PATH an absolute name for each
+# specified, possibly-$initial_cwd_-relative, directory.
+path_prepend_ ()
+{
+ while test $# != 0; do
+ path_dir_=$1
+ case $path_dir_ in
+ '') fail_ "invalid path dir: '$1'";;
+ /*) abs_path_dir_=$path_dir_;;
+ *) abs_path_dir_=$initial_cwd_/$path_dir_;;
+ esac
+ case $abs_path_dir_ in
+ *:*) fail_ "invalid path dir: '$abs_path_dir_'";;
+ esac
+ PATH="$abs_path_dir_:$PATH"
+
+ # Create an alias, FOO, for each FOO.exe in this directory.
+ create_exe_shims_ "$abs_path_dir_" \
+ || fail_ "something failed (above): $abs_path_dir_"
+ shift
+ done
+ export PATH
+}
+
+setup_ ()
+{
+ if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+ # Test whether set -x may cause the selected shell to corrupt an
+ # application's stderr. Many do, including zsh-4.3.10 and the /bin/sh
+ # from SunOS 5.11, OpenBSD 4.7 and Irix 5.x and 6.5.
+ # If enabling verbose output this way would cause trouble, simply
+ # issue a warning and refrain.
+ if $gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_; then
+ warn_ "using SHELL=$SHELL with 'set -x' corrupts stderr"
+ else
+ set -x
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ initial_cwd_=$PWD
+
+ pfx_=`testdir_prefix_`
+ test_dir_=`mktempd_ "$initial_cwd_" "$pfx_-$ME_.XXXX"` \
+ || fail_ "failed to create temporary directory in $initial_cwd_"
+ cd "$test_dir_" || fail_ "failed to cd to temporary directory"
+
+ # As autoconf-generated configure scripts do, ensure that IFS
+ # is defined initially, so that saving and restoring $IFS works.
+ gl_init_sh_nl_='
+'
+ IFS=" "" $gl_init_sh_nl_"
+
+ # This trap statement, along with a trap on 0 below, ensure that the
+ # temporary directory, $test_dir_, is removed upon exit as well as
+ # upon receipt of any of the listed signals.
+ for sig_ in 1 2 3 13 15; do
+ eval "trap 'Exit $(expr $sig_ + 128)' $sig_"
+ done
+}
+
+# Create a temporary directory, much like mktemp -d does.
+# Written by Jim Meyering.
+#
+# Usage: mktempd_ /tmp phoey.XXXXXXXXXX
+#
+# First, try to use the mktemp program.
+# Failing that, we'll roll our own mktemp-like function:
+# - try to get random bytes from /dev/urandom
+# - failing that, generate output from a combination of quickly-varying
+# sources and gzip. Ignore non-varying gzip header, and extract
+# "random" bits from there.
+# - given those bits, map to file-name bytes using tr, and try to create
+# the desired directory.
+# - make only $MAX_TRIES_ attempts
+
+# Helper function. Print $N pseudo-random bytes from a-zA-Z0-9.
+rand_bytes_ ()
+{
+ n_=$1
+
+ # Maybe try openssl rand -base64 $n_prime_|tr '+/=\012' abcd first?
+ # But if they have openssl, they probably have mktemp, too.
+
+ chars_=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789
+ dev_rand_=/dev/urandom
+ if test -r "$dev_rand_"; then
+ # Note: 256-length($chars_) == 194; 3 copies of $chars_ is 186 + 8 = 194.
+ dd ibs=$n_ count=1 if=$dev_rand_ 2>/dev/null \
+ | LC_ALL=C tr -c $chars_ 01234567$chars_$chars_$chars_
+ return
+ fi
+
+ n_plus_50_=`expr $n_ + 50`
+ cmds_='date; date +%N; free; who -a; w; ps auxww; ps ef; netstat -n'
+ data_=` (eval "$cmds_") 2>&1 | gzip `
+
+ # Ensure that $data_ has length at least 50+$n_
+ while :; do
+ len_=`echo "$data_"|wc -c`
+ test $n_plus_50_ -le $len_ && break;
+ data_=` (echo "$data_"; eval "$cmds_") 2>&1 | gzip `
+ done
+
+ echo "$data_" \
+ | dd bs=1 skip=50 count=$n_ 2>/dev/null \
+ | LC_ALL=C tr -c $chars_ 01234567$chars_$chars_$chars_
+}
+
+mktempd_ ()
+{
+ case $# in
+ 2);;
+ *) fail_ "Usage: mktempd_ DIR TEMPLATE";;
+ esac
+
+ destdir_=$1
+ template_=$2
+
+ MAX_TRIES_=4
+
+ # Disallow any trailing slash on specified destdir:
+ # it would subvert the post-mktemp "case"-based destdir test.
+ case $destdir_ in
+ / | //) destdir_slash_=$destdir;;
+ */) fail_ "invalid destination dir: remove trailing slash(es)";;
+ *) destdir_slash_=$destdir_/;;
+ esac
+
+ case $template_ in
+ *XXXX) ;;
+ *) fail_ \
+ "invalid template: $template_ (must have a suffix of at least 4 X's)";;
+ esac
+
+ # First, try to use mktemp.
+ d=`unset TMPDIR; { mktemp -d -t -p "$destdir_" "$template_"; } 2>/dev/null` &&
+
+ # The resulting name must be in the specified directory.
+ case $d in "$destdir_slash_"*) :;; *) false;; esac &&
+
+ # It must have created the directory.
+ test -d "$d" &&
+
+ # It must have 0700 permissions. Handle sticky "S" bits.
+ perms=`ls -dgo "$d" 2>/dev/null` &&
+ case $perms in drwx--[-S]---*) :;; *) false;; esac && {
+ echo "$d"
+ return
+ }
+
+ # If we reach this point, we'll have to create a directory manually.
+
+ # Get a copy of the template without its suffix of X's.
+ base_template_=`echo "$template_"|sed 's/XX*$//'`
+
+ # Calculate how many X's we've just removed.
+ template_length_=`echo "$template_" | wc -c`
+ nx_=`echo "$base_template_" | wc -c`
+ nx_=`expr $template_length_ - $nx_`
+
+ err_=
+ i_=1
+ while :; do
+ X_=`rand_bytes_ $nx_`
+ candidate_dir_="$destdir_slash_$base_template_$X_"
+ err_=`mkdir -m 0700 "$candidate_dir_" 2>&1` \
+ && { echo "$candidate_dir_"; return; }
+ test $MAX_TRIES_ -le $i_ && break;
+ i_=`expr $i_ + 1`
+ done
+ fail_ "$err_"
+}
+
+# If you want to override the testdir_prefix_ function,
+# or to add more utility functions, use this file.
+test -f "$srcdir/init.cfg" \
+ && . "$srcdir/init.cfg"
+
+setup_ "$@"
+# This trap is here, rather than in the setup_ function, because some
+# shells run the exit trap at shell function exit, rather than script exit.
+trap remove_tmp_ 0