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diff --git a/share/doc/usd/13.viref/ex.cmd.roff b/share/doc/usd/13.viref/ex.cmd.roff new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..73531eaa7e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/share/doc/usd/13.viref/ex.cmd.roff @@ -0,0 +1,1922 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 +.\" Keith Bostic. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" See the LICENSE file for redistribution information. +.\" +.SH 1 "Ex Description" +.pp +The following words have special meanings for +.CO ex +commands. +.KY "<end-of-file>" +.IP "<end-of-file>" +The end-of-file character is used to scroll the screen in the +.CO ex +editor. +This character is normally +.LI <control-D> . +However, whatever character is set for the current terminal is supported +as well as +.LI <control-D> . +.KY "line" +.IP "line" +A single-line address, given in any of the forms described in the +section entitled +.QB "Ex Addressing" . +The default for +.LI line +is the current line. +.KY "range" +.IP "range" +A line, or a pair of line addresses, separated by a comma or semicolon. +(See the section entitled +.QB "Ex Addressing" +for more information.) +The default for range is the current line +.i only , +i.e. +.QT \&.,. . +A percent sign +.PQ % +stands for the range +.QT 1,$ . +The starting address must be less than, or equal to, the ending address. +.KY "count" +.IP "count" +A positive integer, specifying the number of lines to be affected by +the command; the default is 1. +Generally, a count past the end-of-file may be specified, e.g. the +command +.QT "p 3000" +in a 10 line file is acceptable, and will print from the current line +through the last line in the file. +.KY "flags" +.IP "flags" +One or more of the characters +.QQ # , +.QQ p , +and +.QQ l . +When a command that accepts these flags completes, the addressed line(s) +are written out as if by the corresponding +.CO # , +.CO l +or +.CO p +commands. +In addition, any number of +.QT + +or +.QT \- +characters can be specified before, after, or during the flags, in which +case the line written is not necessarily the one affected by the command, +but rather the line addressed by the offset address specified. +The default for +.LI flags +is none. +.KY "file" +.IP "file" +A pattern used to derive a pathname; the default is the current file. +File names are subjected to normal +.XR sh 1 +word expansions. +.pp +Anywhere a file name is specified, it is also possible to use +the special string +.QT /tmp . +This will be replaced with a temporary file name which can be used +for temporary work, e.g. +.QT ":e /tmp" +creates and edits a new file. +.pp +If both a count and a range are specified for commands that use either, +the starting line for the command is the +.i last +line addressed by the range, and +.LI count - 1 +subsequent lines are affected by the command, e.g. the command +.QT 2,3p4 +prints out lines 3, 4, 5 and 6. +.pp +When only a line or range is specified, with no command, the implied +command is either a +.CO list , +.CO number +or +.CO print +command. +The command used is the most recent of the three commands to have been +used (including any use as a flag). +If none of these commands have been used before, the +.CO print +command is the implied command. +When no range or count is specified and the command line is a blank line, +the current line is incremented by 1 and then the current line is displayed. +.pp +Zero or more whitespace characters may precede or follow the addresses, +count, flags, or command name. +Any object following a command name (such as buffer, file, etc.), +that begins with an alphabetic character, +should be separated from the command name by at least one whitespace +character. +.pp +Any character, including +.LI <carriage-return> , +.QT % +and +.QT # +retain their literal value when preceded by a backslash. +.SH 1 "Ex Commands" +.pp +The following section describes the commands available in the +.CO ex +editor. +In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command. +.pp +Each command can be entered as the abbreviation +(those characters in the synopsis command word preceding the +.QQ [ +character), +the full command (all characters shown for the command word, +omitting the +.QQ [ +and +.QQ ] +characters), +or any leading subset of the full command down to the abbreviation. +For example, the args command (shown as +.QT ar[gs] +in the synopsis) +can be entered as +.QT ar , +.QT arg +or +.QT args . +.pp +Each +.CO ex +command described below notes the new current line after it +is executed, as well as any options that affect the command. +.\" I cannot get a double quote to print to save my life. The ONLY way +.\" I've been able to get this to work is with the .tr command. +.tr Q" +.ds ms Q +.KY DOUBLEQUOTE +.IP "\*(ms" +.tr QQ +A comment. +Command lines beginning with the double-quote character +.PQ """" +are ignored. +This permits comments in editor scripts and startup files. +.KY "<control-D>" +.KY "<end-of-file>" +.IP "<control-D>" +.IP "<end-of-file>" +Scroll the screen. +Write the next N lines, where N is the value of the +.OP scroll +option. +The command is the end-of-file terminal character, which may be +different on different terminals. +Traditionally, it is the +.LI <control-D> +key. +.sp +Historically, the +.CO eof +command ignored any preceding count, and the +.LI <end-of-file> +character was ignored unless it was entered as the first character +of the command. +This implementation treats it as a command +.i only +if entered as the first character of the command line, and otherwise +treats it as any other character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line written. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP scroll +option. +.SE +.KY "!" +.IP "! argument(s)" +.Ip "[range]! argument(s)" +Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command. +In the first synopsis, the remainder of the line after the +.QT ! +character is passed to the program named by the +.OP shell +option, as a single argument. +.sp +Within the rest of the line, +.QT % +and +.QT # +are expanded into the current and alternate pathnames, respectively. +The character +.QT ! +is expanded with the command text of the previous +.CO ! +command. +(Therefore, the command +.CO !! +repeats the previous +.CO ! +command.) +The special meanings of +.QT % , +.QT # , +and +.QT ! +can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash. +If no +.CO ! +or +.CO :! +command has yet been executed, it is an error to use an unescaped +.QT ! +character. +The +.CO ! +command does +.i not +do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments. +If any of the above expansions change the command the user entered, +the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen. +.sp +.CO Ex +then executes the program named by the +.OP shell +option, with a +.b \-c +flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument). +.sp +The +.CO ! +command is permitted in an empty file. +.sp +If the file has been modified since it was last completely written, +the +.Co ! +command will warn you. +.sp +A single +.QT ! +character is displayed when the command completes. +.sp +In the second form of the +.CO ! +command, the remainder of the line after the +.QT ! +is passed to the program named by the +.OP shell +option, as described above. +The specified lines are passed to the program as standard input, +and the standard and standard error output of the program replace +the original lines. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged if no range was specified, otherwise set to the first +line of the range. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shell +and +.OP warn +options. +.SE +.KY "#" +.IP "[range] # [count] [flags]" +.KY "number" +.Ip "[range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]" +Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number. +.sp +The line number format is +.QQ %6d , +followed by two spaces. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line displayed. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP list +option. +.SE +.KY "@" +.IP "@ buffer" +.KY "*" +.Ip "* buffer" +Execute a buffer. +Each line in the named buffer is executed as an +.CO ex +command. +If no buffer is specified, or if the specified buffer is +.QT @ +or +.QT * , +the last buffer executed is used. +.KY < +.IP "[range] <[< ...] [count] [flags]" +Shift lines left or right. +The specified lines are shifted to the left (for the +.CO < +command) or right (for the +.CO > +command), by the number of columns specified by the +.OP shiftwidth +option. +Only leading whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left; +once the first column of the line contains a nonblank character, +the +.CO shift +command will succeed, but the line will not be modified. +.sp +If the command character +.CO < +or +.CO > +is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each +additional command character. +.SS +.SP Line: +If the current line is set to one of the lines that are affected +by the command, it is unchanged. +Otherwise, it is set to the first nonblank character of the lowest +numbered line shifted. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shiftwidth +option. +.SE +.KY = +.IP "[line] = [flags]" +Display the line number of +.LI line +(which defaults to the last line in the file). +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY > +.IP "[range] >[> ...] [count] [flags]" +Shift right. +The specified lines are shifted to the right by the number of columns +specified by the +.OP shiftwidth +option, by inserting tab and space characters. +Empty lines are not changed. +.sp +If the command character +.QT > +is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each +additional command character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line modified by the command. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shiftwidth +option. +.SE +.KY abbrev +.IP "ab[brev] lhs rhs" +Add an abbreviation to the current abbreviation list. +When inserting text in +.CO vi , +each time a non-word character is entered after a word character, +a set of characters ending at the word character are checked for +a match with +.LI lhs . +If a match is found, they are replaced with +.LI rhs . +The set of characters that are checked for a match are defined as follows, +for inexplicable historical reasons. +If only one or two characters were entered before the non-word character +that triggered the check, +and after the beginning of the insertion, +or the beginning of the line or the file, +or the last +.LI <blank> +character that was entered, +then the one or the both characters are checked for a match. +Otherwise, the set includes both characters, +as well as the characters that precede them that are the same word +class (i.e. word or non-word) as the +.b second +to last character entered before the non-word character that triggered +the check, +back to the first +.LI <blank> character, +the beginning of the insertion, +or the beginning of the line or the file. +.sp +For example, the abbreviations: +.sp +.ne 3v +.ft C +.TS +r l l. +:abbreviate abc ABC +:abbreviate #i #include +:abbreviate /*#i /*#include +.TE +.ft R +will all work, while the abbreviations: +.sp +.ne 2v +.ft C +.TS +r l l. +:abbreviate a#i A#include +:abbreviate /* /******************** +.TE +.ft R +will not work, and are not permitted by +.CO nvi . +.sp +To keep the abbreviation expansion from happening, +the character immediately following the +.LI lhs +characters should be quoted with a +.LI <literal-next> +character. +.sp +The replacement +.LI rhs +is itself subject to both further abbreviation expansion and further +map expansion. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY append +.IP "[line] a[ppend][!]" +The input text is appended to the specified line. +If line 0 is specified, the text is inserted at the beginning of the file. +Set to the last line input. +If no lines are input, then set to +.LI line , +or to the first line of the file if a +.LI line +of 0 was specified. +Following the command name with a +.QT ! +character causes the +.OP autoindent +option to be toggled for the duration of the command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autoindent +and +.OP number +options. +.SE +.KY args +.IP "ar[gs]" +Display the argument list. +The current argument is displayed inside of +.QT [ +and +.QT ] +characters. +The argument list is the list of operands specified on startup, +which can be replaced using the +.CO next +command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY bg +.IP bg +.CO Vi +mode only. +Background the current screen. +The screen is unchanged, +but is no longer accessible and disappears from the display. +Use the +.CO fg +command to bring the screen back to the display foreground. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line when the screen was last edited. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY change +.IP "[range] c[hange][!] [count]" +Replace the lines with input text. +Following the command name with a +.QT ! +character causes the +.OP autoindent +option to be toggled for the duration of the command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line input, or, if no lines were input, +set to the line before the target line, or to the first +line of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autoindent +and +.OP number +options. +.SE +.KY cd +.KY chdir +.IP "chd[ir][!] [directory]" +.Ip "cd[!] [directory]" +Change the current working directory. +The +.LI directory +argument is subjected to +.XR sh 1 +word expansions. +When invoked with no directory argument and the +.LI HOME +environment variable is set, the directory named by the +.LI HOME +environment variable becomes the new current directory. +Otherwise, the new current directory becomes the directory returned +by the +.XR getpwent 3 +routine. +.sp +The +.CO chdir +command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete +write of the file. +You can override this check by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP cdpath +option. +.SE +.KY copy +.KY t +.IP "[range] co[py] line [flags]" +.Ip "[range] t line [flags]" +Copy the specified lines (range) after the destination line. +Line 0 may be specified to insert the lines at the beginning of +the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY cscope +.IP "cs[cope] command [args]" +Execute a +.CO cscope +command. +For more information, see the section of the reference manual entitled +.QB "Tags, Tag Stacks, and Cscope" . +.KY delete +.IP "[range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]" +Delete the lines from the file. +The deleted text is saved in the specified buffer, or, if no buffer +is specified, in the unnamed buffer. +If the command name is followed by a letter that could be interpreted +as either a buffer name or a flag value (because neither a +.LI count +or +.LI flags +values were given), +.CO ex +treats the letter as a +.LI flags +value if the letter immediately follows the command name, +without any whitespace separation. +If the letter is preceded by whitespace characters, +it treats it as a buffer name. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line following the deleted lines, +or to the last line if the deleted lines were at the end. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY display +.IP "di[splay] b[uffers] | c[onnections] | s[creens] | t[ags]" +Display buffers, +.CO cscope +connections, screens or tags. +The +.CO display +command takes one of three additional arguments, which are as follows: +.SS +.SP b[uffers] +Display all buffers (including named, unnamed, and numeric) +that contain text. +.SP c[onnections] +Display the source directories for all attached +.CO cscope +databases. +.SP s[creens] +Display the file names of all background screens. +.SP t[ags] +Display the tags stack. +.SE +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY edit +.IP "e[dit][!] [+cmd] [file]" +.Ip "ex[!] [+cmd] [file]" +Edit a different file. +If the current buffer has been modified since the last complete write, +the command will fail. +You can override this by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.sp +If the +.QT +cmd +option is specified, that +.CO ex +command will be executed in the new file. +Any +.CO ex +command may be used, although the most common use of this feature is +to specify a line number or search pattern to set the initial location +in the new file. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Edit +or +.CO Ex , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +If you have previously edited the file, the current line will be set +to your last position in the file. +If that position does not exist, or you have not previously edited the +file, the current line will be set to the first line of the file if +you are in +.CO vi +mode, and the last line of the file if you are in +.CO ex . +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY exusage +.IP "exu[sage] [command]" +Display usage for an +.CO ex +command. +If +.LI command +is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed. +Otherwise, usage statements for all +.CO ex +commands are displayed. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY file +.IP "f[ile] [file]" +Display and optionally change the file name. +If a file name is specified, the current pathname is changed to the +specified name. +The current pathname, the number of lines, and the current position +in the file are displayed. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY fg +.IP "fg [name]" +.CO Vi +mode only. +Foreground the specified screen. +If the argument name doesn't exactly match the name of a file displayed +by a background screen, +it is compared against the last component of each of the file names. +If no background screen is specified, +the first background screen is foregrounded. +.sp +By default, +foregrounding causes the current screen to be swapped with the backgrounded +screen. +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Fg , +will foreground the backgrounded screen in a new screen instead of +swapping it with the current screen. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line when the screen was last edited. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY global +.IP "[range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]" +.KY v +.Ip "[range] v /pattern/ [commands]" +Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern. +The lines within the given range that match +.PQ g[lobal] , +or do not match +.PQ v +the given pattern are selected. +Then, the specified +.CO ex +command(s) are executed with the current line +.PQ \&. +set to each selected line. +If no range is specified, the entire file is searched for matching, +or not matching, lines. +.sp +Multiple commands can be specified, one per line, by escaping each +.LI <newline> +character with a backslash, or by separating commands with a +.QT | +character. +If no commands are specified, the command defaults to the +.CO print +command. +.sp +For the +.CO append , +.CO change +and +.CO insert +commands, the input text must be part of the global command line. +In this case, the terminating period can be omitted if it ends the commands. +.sp +The +.CO visual +command may also be specified as one of the +.CO ex +commands. +In this mode, input is taken from the terminal. +Entering a +.CO Q +command in +.CO vi +mode causes the next line matching the pattern to be selected and +.CO vi +to be reentered, until the list is exhausted. +.sp +The +.CO global , +.CO v +and +.CO undo +commands cannot be used as part of these commands. +.sp +The editor options +.OP autoindent , +.OP autoprint +and +.OP report +are turned off for the duration of the +.CO global +and +.CO v +commands. +.SS +.SP Line: +The last line modified. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP ignorecase +and +.OP magic +options. +Turns off the +.OP autoindent , +.OP autoprint +and +.OP report +options. +.SE +.KY help +.IP "he[lp]" +Display a help message. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY insert +.IP "[line] i[nsert][!]" +The input text is inserted before the specified line. +Following the command name with a +.QT ! +character causes the +.OP autoindent +option setting to be toggled for the duration of this command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line input; if no lines were input, +set to the line before the target line, or to the first line +of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line. +Affected by the +.OP autoindent +and +.OP number +options. +.SE +.KY join +.IP "[range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]" +Join lines of text together. +.sp +A +.LI count +specified to the +.Sy join +command specifies that the last line of the +.LI range +plus +.LI count +subsequent lines will be joined. +(Note, this differs by one from the general rule where only +.LI count - 1 +subsequent lines are affected.) +.sp +If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace +is stripped from the next line. +Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis +.PQ ( , +do nothing. +Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark +.PQ ? , +period +.PQ \&. +or exclamation point +.PQ ! , +insert two spaces. +Otherwise, insert a single space. +.sp +Appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name causes a simpler join with no +white-space processing. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY list +.IP "[range] l[ist] [count] [flags]" +Display the lines unambiguously. +Tabs are displayed as +.QT ^I , +and the end of the line is marked with a +.QT $ +character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line displayed. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP number +option. +.SE +.KY map +.IP "map[!] [lhs rhs]" +Define or display maps (for +.CO vi +only). +.sp +If +.QT lhs +and +.QT rhs +are not specified, the current set of command mode maps are displayed. +If a +.QT ! +character is appended to to the command, +the text input mode maps are displayed. +.sp +Otherwise, when the +.QT lhs +character sequence is entered in +.CO vi , +the action is as if the corresponding +.QT rhs +had been entered. +If a +.QT ! +character is appended to the command name, +the mapping is effective during text input mode, +otherwise, it is effective during command mode. +This allows +.QT lhs +to have two different macro definitions at the same time: one for command +mode and one for input mode. +.sp +Whitespace characters require escaping with a +.LI <literal-next> +character to be entered in the +.LI lhs +string in visual mode. +.sp +Normally, keys in the +.LI rhs +string are remapped (see the +.OP remap +option), +and it is possible to create infinite loops. +However, keys which map to themselves are not further remapped, +regardless of the setting of the +.OP remap +option. +For example, the command +.QT ":map n nz." +maps the +.QT n +key to the +.CO n +and +.CO z +commands. +.sp +To exit an infinitely looping map, use the terminal +.LI <interrupt> +character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP remap +option. +.SE +.KY mark +.KY k +.IP "[line] ma[rk] <character>" +.Ip "[line] k <character>" +Mark the line with the mark +.LI <character> . +The expressions +.QT '<character> +and +.QT `<character> +can then be used as an address in any command that uses one. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY move +.IP "[range] m[ove] line" +Move the specified lines after the target line. +A target line of 0 places the lines at the beginning of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the first of the moved lines. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY mkexrc +.IP "mk[exrc][!] file" +Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified +file. +Information is written in a form which can later be read back in +using the +.CO ex +.CO source +command. +If +.LI file +already exists, the +.CO mkexrc +command will fail. +This check can be overridden by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY next +.IP "n[ext][!] [file ...]" +Edit the next file from the argument list. +The +.CO next +command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete +write. +This check can be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command name. +The argument list can optionally be replaced by specifying a new one +as arguments to this command. +In this case, editing starts with the first file on the new list. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Next , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will set the argument list and edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set as described for the +.CO edit +command. +.SP Options: +Affected by the options +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany . +.SE +.KY open +.IP "[line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]" +Enter open mode. +Open mode is the same as being in +.CO vi , +but with a one-line window. +All the standard +.CO vi +commands are available. +If a match is found for the optional RE argument, +the cursor is set to the start of the matching pattern. +.sp +.i "This command is not yet implemented." +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged, unless the optional RE is specified, in which case it is +set to the line where the matching pattern is found. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP open +option. +.SE +.KY preserve +.IP "pre[serve]" +Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the +.CO ex +.b \-r +option. +When the file is preserved, an email message is sent to the user. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY previous +.IP "prev[ious][!]" +Edit the previous file from the argument list. +The +.CO previous +command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete +write. +This check can be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Previous , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set as described for the +.CO edit +command. +.SP Options: +Affected by the options +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany . +None. +.SE +.KY print +.IP "[range] p[rint] [count] [flags]" +Display the specified lines. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line displayed. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP list +and +.OP number +option. +.SE +.KY put +.IP "[line] pu[t] [buffer]" +Append buffer contents to the current line. +If a buffer is specified, its contents are appended to the line, +otherwise, the contents of the unnamed buffer are used. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line after the current line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY quit +.IP "q[uit][!]" +End the editing session. +If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the +.CO quit +command will fail. +This check may be overridden by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command. +.sp +If there are more files to edit, the +.CO quit +command will fail. +Appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name or entering two +.CO quit +commands (i.e. +.CO wq , +.CO quit , +.CO xit +or +.CO ZZ ) +in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY read +.IP "[line] r[ead][!] [file]" +Read a file. +A copy of the specified file is appended to the line. +If +.LI line +is 0, the copy is inserted at the beginning of the file. +If no file is specified, the current file is read; if there is no +current file, then +.LI file +becomes the current file. +If there is no current file and no +.LI file +is specified, then the +.CO read +command will fail. +.sp +If +.LI file +is preceded by a +.QT ! +character, +.LI file +is treated as if it were a shell command, and passed to the program +named by the +.OP shell +edit option. +The standard and standard error outputs of that command are read into +the file after the specified line. +The special meaning of the +.QT ! +character can be overridden by escaping it with a backslash +.PQ \e +character. +.SS +.SP Line: +When executed from +.CO ex , +the current line is set to the last line read. +When executed from +.CO vi , +the current line is set to the first line read. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY recover +.IP "rec[over] file" +Recover +.LI file +if it was previously saved. +If no saved file by that name exists, the +.CO recover +command behaves equivalently to the +.CO edit +command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set as described for the +.CO edit +command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY resize +.IP "res[ize] [+|-]size" +.CO Vi +mode only. +Grow or shrink the current screen. +If +.LI size +is a positive, signed number, the current screen is grown by that many lines. +If +.LI size +is a negative, signed number, the current screen is shrunk by that many lines. +If +.LI size +is not signed, the current screen is set to the specified +.LI size . +Applicable only to split screens. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY rewind +.IP "rew[ind][!]" +Rewind the argument list. +If the current file has been modified since the last complete write, +the +.CO rewind +command will fail. +This check may be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command. +.sp +Otherwise, the current file is set to the first file in the argument +list. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set as described for the +.CO edit +command. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY set +.IP "se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]" +Display or set editor options. +When no arguments are specified, the editor option +.OP term , +and any editor options whose values have been changed from the +default settings are displayed. +If the argument +.LI all +is specified, the values of all of editor options are displayed. +.sp +Specifying an option name followed by the character +.QT ? +causes the current value of that option to be displayed. +The +.QT ? +can be separated from the option name by whitespace characters. +The +.QT ? +is necessary only for Boolean valued options. +Boolean options can be given values by the form +.QT "set option" +to turn them on, or +.QT "set nooption" +to turn them off. +String and numeric options can be assigned by the form +.QT "set option=value" . +Any whitespace characters in strings can be included literally by preceding +each with a backslash. +More than one option can be set or listed by a single set command, +by specifying multiple arguments, each separated from the next by +whitespace characters. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY shell +.IP "sh[ell]" +Run the shell program. +The program named by the +.OP shell +option is run with a +.b \-i +(for interactive) flag. +Editing is resumed when that program exits. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shell +option. +.SE +.KY source +.IP "so[urce] file" +Read and execute +.CO ex +commands from a file. +.CO Source +commands may be nested. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY substitute +.IP "[range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]" +.KY & +.Ip "[range] & [options] [count] [flags]" +.KY ~ +.Ip "[range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]" +Make substitutions. +Replace the first instance of +.LI pattern +with the string +.LI replace +on the specified line(s). +If the +.QT /pattern/repl/ +argument is not specified, the +.QT /pattern/repl/ +from the previous +.CO substitute +command is used. +Any character other than an alphabetic, numeric, <blank> or backslash +character may be used as the delimiter. +.sp +If +.LI options +includes the letter +.QT c +(confirm), you will be prompted for confirmation before each replacement +is done. +An affirmative response (in English, a +.QT y +character) causes the replacement to be made. +A quit response (in English, a +.QT q +character) causes the +.CO substitute +command to be terminated. +Any other response causes the replacement not to be made, and the +.CO substitute +command continues. +If +.LI options +includes the letter +.QT g +(global), all nonoverlapping instances of +.LI pattern +in the line are replaced. +.sp +The +.CO & +version of the command is the same as not specifying a pattern +or replacement string to the +.CO substitute +command, and the +.QT & +is replaced by the pattern and replacement information from the +previous substitute command. +.sp +The +.CO ~ +version of the command is the same as +.CO & +and +.CO s , +except that the search pattern used is the last RE used in +.i any +command, not necessarily the one used in the last +.CO substitute +command. +.sp +For example, in the sequence +.ft C +.(b +s/red/blue/ +/green +~ +.)b +.ft R +the +.QT ~ +is equivalent to +.QT s/green/blue/ . +.sp +The +.CO substitute +command may be interrupted, using the terminal interrupt character. +All substitutions completed before the interrupt are retained. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which a substitution was made. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP ignorecase +and +.OP magic +option. +.SE +.KY suspend +.IP "su[spend][!]" +.KY stop +.Ip "st[op][!]" +.KY <control-Z> +.Ip <control-Z> +Suspend the edit session. +Appending a +.QT ! +character to these commands turns off the +.OP autowrite +option for the command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY tag +.IP "ta[g][!] tagstring" +Edit the file containing the specified tag. +If the tag is in a different file, then the new file is edited. +If the current file has been modified since the last complete write, +the +.CO tag +command will fail. +This check can be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.sp +The +.CO tag +command searches for +.LI tagstring +in the tags file(s) specified by the +.Op tags +option. +(See +.XR ctags 1 +for more information on tags files.) +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Tag , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line indicated by the tag. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite , +.OP taglength , +.OP tags +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY tagnext +.IP "tagn[ext][!]" +Edit the file containing the next context for the current tag. +If the context is in a different file, then the new file is edited. +If the current file has been modified since the last complete write, +the +.CO tagnext +command will fail. +This check can be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Tagnext , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line indicated by the tag. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY tagpop +.IP "tagp[op][!] [file | number]" +Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack. +If neither +.LI file +or +.LI number +is specified, the +.CO tagpop +command pops to the most recent entry on the tags stack. +If +.LI file +or +.LI number +is specified, the +.CO tagpop +command pops to the most recent entry in the tags stack for that file, +or numbered entry in the tags stack, respectively. +(See the +.CO display +command for information on displaying the tags stack.) +.sp +If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the +.CO tagpop +command will fail. +This check may be overridden by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line indicated by the tag. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY tagprev +.IP "tagp[rev][!]" +Edit the file containing the previous context for the current tag. +If the context is in a different file, then the new file is edited. +If the current file has been modified since the last complete write, +the +.CO tagprev +command will fail. +This check can be overridden by appending the +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Tagprev , +while in +.CO vi +mode, will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line indicated by the tag. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY tagtop +.IP "tagt[op][!]" +Pop to the least recent tag on the tags stack, clearing the tags stack. +.sp +If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the +.CO tagtop +command will fail. +This check may be overridden by appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line indicated by the tag. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY unabbrev +.IP "una[bbrev] lhs" +Delete an abbreviation. +Delete +.LI lhs +from the current list of abbreviations. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY undo +.IP "u[ndo]" +Undo the last change made to the file. +Changes made by +.CO global , +.CO v , +.CO visual +and map sequences are considered a single command. +If repeated, the +.CO u +command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line modified by the command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY unmap +.IP "unm[ap][!] lhs" +Unmap a mapped string. +Delete the command mode map definition for +.LI lhs . +If a +.QT ! +character is appended to the command name, delete the text input mode +map definition instead. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY version +.IP "ve[rsion]" +Display the version of the +.CO ex/vi +editor. +.KY visual +.IP "[line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]" +.CO Ex +mode only. +Enter +.CO vi . +The +.LI type +is optional, and can be +.QT \- , +.QT + +or +.QT ^ , +as in the +.CO ex +.CO z +command, to specify the position of the specified line in the screen +window. +(The default is to place the line at the top of the screen window.) +A +.LI count +specifies the number of lines that will initially be displayed. +(The default is the value of the +.OP window +editor option.) +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged unless +.LI line +is specified, in which case it is set to that line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY visual +.IP "vi[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]" +.CO Vi +mode only. +Edit a new file. +Identical to the +.QT "edit[!] [+cmd] [file]" +command. +.sp +Capitalizing the first letter of the command, i.e. +.CO Visual , +will edit the file in a new screen. +In this case, any modifications to the current file are ignored. +.KY viusage +.IP "viu[sage] [command]" +Display usage for a +.CO vi +command. +If +.LI command +is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed. +Otherwise, usage statements for all +.CO vi +commands are displayed. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY write +.IP "[range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]" +.Ip "[range] w[rite] [!] [file]" +.KY wn +.Ip "[range] wn[!] [>>] [file]" +.KY wq +.Ip "[range] wq[!] [>>] [file]" +Write the file. +The specified lines (the entire file, if no range is given) is written +to +.LI file . +If +.LI file +is not specified, the current pathname is used. +If +.LI file +is specified, and it exists, or if the current pathname was set using the +.CO file +command, and the file already exists, these commands will fail. +Appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name will override this check and the write +will be attempted, regardless. +.sp +Specifying the optional +.QT >> +string will cause the write to be appended to the file, in which case +no tests are made for the file already existing. +.sp +If the file is preceded by a +.QT ! +character, the program named by the shell edit option is +invoked with file as its second argument, and the specified +lines are passed as standard input to that command. +The +.QT ! +in this usage must be separated from command name by at least one +whitespace character. +The special meaning of the +.QT ! +may be overridden by escaping it with a backslash +.PQ \e +character. +.sp +The +.CO wq +version of the write command will exit the editor after writing the file, +if there are no further files to edit. +Appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name or entering two +.QQ quit +commands (i.e. +.CO wq , +.CO quit , +.CO xit +or +.CO ZZ ) +in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit, +ignoring any files that have not yet been edited. +.sp +The +.CO wn +version of the write command will move to the next file after writing +the file, unless the write fails. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP readonly +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY xit +.IP "[range] x[it][!] [file]" +Write the file if it has been modified. +The specified lines are written to +.LI file , +if the file has been modified since the last complete write to any +file. +If no +.LI range +is specified, the entire file is written. +.sp +The +.CO xit +command will exit the editor after writing the file, +if there are no further files to edit. +Appending a +.QT ! +character to the command name or entering two +.QQ quit +commands (i.e. +.CO wq , +.CO quit , +.CO xit +or +.CO ZZ ) +in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit, +ignoring any files that have not yet been edited. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP readonly +and +.OP writeany +options. +.SE +.KY yank +.IP "[range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]" +Copy the specified lines to a buffer. +If no buffer is specified, the unnamed buffer is used. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY z +.IP "[line] z [type] [count] [flags]" +Adjust the window. +If no +.LI type +is specified, then +.LI count +lines following the specified line are displayed. +The default +.LI count +is the value of the +.OP window +option. +The +.LI type +argument changes the position at which +.LI line +is displayed on the screen by changing the number of lines +displayed before and after +.LI line . +The following +.LI type +characters may be used: +.SS +.SP \- +Place the line at the bottom of the screen. +.SP + +Place the line at the top of the screen. +.SP \&. +Place the line in the middle of the screen. +.SP ^ +Write out count lines starting +.LI "count * 2" +lines before +.LI line ; +the net effect of this is that a +.QT z^ +command following a +.CO z +command writes the previous page. +.SP = +Center +.LI line +on the screen with a line of hyphens displayed immediately before and +after it. +The number of preceding and following lines of text displayed are +reduced to account for those lines. +.SE +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line displayed, with the exception of the +.Dq Li \&= +.LI type , +where the current line is set to the line specified by the command. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP scroll +option. +.SE |