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- <title>Clang - Performance</title>
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="menu.css" />
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="content.css" />
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-</style>
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-<div id="content">
-
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-<h1>Clang - Performance</h1>
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-
-<p>This page tracks the compile time performance of Clang on two
-interesting benchmarks:
-<ul>
- <li><i>Sketch</i>: The Objective-C example application shipped on
- Mac OS X as part of Xcode. <i>Sketch</i> is indicative of a
- "typical" Objective-C app. The source itself has a relatively
- small amount of code (~7,500 lines of source code), but it relies
- on the extensive Cocoa APIs to build its functionality. Like many
- Objective-C applications, it includes
- <tt>Cocoa/Cocoa.h</tt> in all of its source files, which represents a
- significant stress test of the front-end's performance on lexing,
- preprocessing, parsing, and syntax analysis.</li>
- <li><i>176.gcc</i>: This is the gcc-2.7.2.2 code base as present in
- SPECINT 2000. In contrast to Sketch, <i>176.gcc</i> consists of a
- large amount of C source code (~220,000 lines) with few system
- dependencies. This stresses the back-end's performance on generating
- assembly code and debug information.</li>
-</ul>
-</p>
-
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-<h2><a name="enduser">Experiments</a></h2>
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-
-<p>Measurements are done by serially processing each file in the
-respective benchmark, using Clang, gcc, and llvm-gcc as compilers. In
-order to track the performance of various subsystems the timings have
-been broken down into separate stages where possible:
-
-<ul>
- <li><tt>-Eonly</tt>: This option runs the preprocessor but does not
- perform any output. For gcc and llvm-gcc, the -MM option is used
- as a rough equivalent to this step.</li>
- <li><tt>-parse-noop</tt>: This option runs the parser on the input,
- but without semantic analysis or any output. gcc and llvm-gcc have
- no equivalent for this option.</li>
- <li><tt>-fsyntax-only</tt>: This option runs the parser with semantic
- analysis.</li>
- <li><tt>-emit-llvm -O0</tt>: For Clang and llvm-gcc, this option
- converts to the LLVM intermediate representation but doesn't
- generate native code.</li>
- <li><tt>-S -O0</tt>: Perform actual code generation to produce a
- native assembler file.</li>
- <li><tt>-S -O0 -g</tt>: This adds emission of debug information to
- the assembly output.</li>
-</ul>
-</p>
-
-<p>This set of stages is chosen to be approximately additive, that is
-each subsequent stage simply adds some additional processing. The
-timings measure the delta of the given stage from the previous
-one. For example, the timings for <tt>-fsyntax-only</tt> below show
-the difference of running with <tt>-fsyntax-only</tt> versus running
-with <tt>-parse-noop</tt> (for clang) or <tt>-MM</tt> with gcc and
-llvm-gcc. This amounts to a fairly accurate measure of only the time
-to perform semantic analysis (and parsing, in the case of gcc and llvm-gcc).</p>
-
-<p>These timings are chosen to break down the compilation process for
-clang as much as possible. The graphs below show these numbers
-combined so that it is easy to see how the time for a particular task
-is divided among various components. For example, <tt>-S -O0</tt>
-includes the time of <tt>-fsyntax-only</tt> and <tt>-emit-llvm -O0</tt>.</p>
-
-<p>Note that we already know that the LLVM optimizers are substantially (30-40%)
-faster than the GCC optimizers at a given -O level, so we only focus on -O0
-compile time here.</p>
-
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-<h2><a name="enduser">Timing Results</a></h2>
-<!--*************************************************************************-->
-
-<!--=======================================================================-->
-<h3><a name="2008-10-31">2008-10-31</a></h3>
-<!--=======================================================================-->
-
-<center><h4>Sketch</h4></center>
-<img class="img_slide"
- src="timing-data/2008-10-31/sketch.png" alt="Sketch Timings"/>
-
-<p>This shows Clang's substantial performance improvements in
-preprocessing and semantic analysis; over 90% faster on
--fsyntax-only. As expected, time spent in code generation for this
-benchmark is relatively small. One caveat, Clang's debug information
-generation for Objective-C is very incomplete; this means the <tt>-S
--O0 -g</tt> numbers are unfair since Clang is generating substantially
-less output.</p>
-
-<p>This chart also shows the effect of using precompiled headers (PCH)
-on compiler time. gcc and llvm-gcc see a large performance improvement
-with PCH; about 4x in wall time. Unfortunately, Clang does not yet
-have an implementation of PCH-style optimizations, but we are actively
-working to address this.</p>
-
-<center><h4>176.gcc</h4></center>
-<img class="img_slide"
- src="timing-data/2008-10-31/176.gcc.png" alt="176.gcc Timings"/>
-
-<p>Unlike the <i>Sketch</i> timings, compilation of <i>176.gcc</i>
-involves a large amount of code generation. The time spent in Clang's
-LLVM IR generation and code generation is on par with gcc's code
-generation time but the improved parsing & semantic analysis
-performance means Clang still comes in at ~29% faster versus gcc
-on <tt>-S -O0 -g</tt> and ~20% faster versus llvm-gcc.</p>
-
-<p>These numbers indicate that Clang still has room for improvement in
-several areas, notably our LLVM IR generation is significantly slower
-than that of llvm-gcc, and both Clang and llvm-gcc incur a
-significantly higher cost for adding debugging information compared to
-gcc.</p>
-
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>