diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'contrib/bind/man')
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/Makefile | 451 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/dig.1 | 364 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/dnsquery.1 | 164 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/gethostbyname.3 | 226 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/getnetent.3 | 133 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/host.1 | 207 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/hostname.7 | 108 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/mailaddr.7 | 135 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/named-xfer.8 | 146 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/named.8 | 435 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/named.reload.8 | 69 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/named.restart.8 | 73 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/ndc.8 | 127 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/nslookup.8 | 387 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/resolver.3 | 339 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/man/resolver.5 | 133 |
16 files changed, 3497 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/Makefile b/contrib/bind/man/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..26c6af5f12a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,451 @@ +# +# Makefile to install the BIND 4.9 manual entries. +# +# Default Configuration: +# There are a set of default assignments immediately following this +# note. These defaults are for BSD4.4, BSD/386, other net2-alikes, +# and will install manual entries with following characteristics: +# o They will be catable (i.e., passed through nroff) +# o They will be installed in the directories +# /usr/share/man/catN, where N is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 +# o They will have an extension of `.0' +# +# Don't change these defaults. Instead, following the default configuration +# are sets of commented values for particular systems that can be used +# to override the default values. +# + +# +# Target directory for the manual directory tree. Eg., may be used to +# specify the path of an NFS-mounted directory for common files. +# +DESTDIR= + +# +# Default location for manual section directories. +# +DESTMAN= /usr/share/man + +# +# Install manuals in ${MANDIR}N. For systems that generate catable manual +# entries on the fly, use +# MANDIR = man +# +MANDIR = cat + +# +# Default extension for manual entries. To install the manual entries under +# their `real' extensions use +# CATEXT = $$N +# +CATEXT = 0 + +# +# Command to install manual entries +# +INSTALL= install + +# +# `install' options to set Owner and Group for manual entries. Eg. for +# BSD `install' use +# MAN_OWNER = -o bin +# MAN_GROUP = -g bin +# +MAN_OWNER = +MAN_GROUP = + +SHELL= /bin/sh + +INDOT= +XFER_INDOT= +# +# Uppercase versions of the above variables (`INDOT_U' and `XFER_INDOT_U') +# are defined for use in `.TH' lines. +# + +# +# Command used to generate a manual entry. By default this produces catable +# manual entries. +# +# For systems that store manuals in source form (eg SunOS 4.x and SunOS 5.x) +# and generate catable manual entries on the fly the following assignment +# can be used. +# MANROFF = cat +# +MANROFF = ( tbl | nroff -man ) + +# +# Default extensions for installed manual entries. The following variables +# have been defined to allow BIND's manual entries to be installed in the +# right place for a given platform. +# +# CMD_EXT = extension for user commands (eg, dig) +# LIB_NETWORK_EXT = extension for network library routines (eg, +# gethostbyname) +# FORMAT_EXT = extension for files describing file formats +# (eg, resolver) +# DESC_EXT = extension for descriptive files (eg, mailaddr) +# SYS_OPS_EXT = extension system operation and maintenance commands +# and applications. (eg, named, named-xfer, syslog) +# +# Associated with each variable is an additional variable with the suffix +# `_DIR' that specifies the suffix to ${MANDIR}. It's needed because on +# some systems, eg., Ultrix, multiple subsections (eg 3x, 3m 3n) are +# stored in generic manual section directories (eg., man3). +# +# Associated with each variable is an additional variable with the suffix +# `_U' which gives the upper case form of the variable for use in `.TH' +# commands. Useful for platforms (such as Solaris 2) that include letters +# in manual sections. +# +CMD_EXT = 1 +CMD_EXT_DIR = ${CMD_EXT} +LIB_NETWORK_EXT = 3 +LIB_NETWORK_EXT_DIR = ${LIB_NETWORK_EXT} +FORMAT_EXT = 5 +FORMAT_EXT_DIR = ${FORMAT_EXT} +DESC_EXT = 7 +DESC_EXT_DIR = ${DESC_EXT} +SYS_OPS_EXT = 8 +SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR = ${SYS_OPS_EXT} + +# +# Additional variables are defined for cross-references within manual +# entries: +# SYSCALL_EXT = extension for system calls +# BSD_SYSCALL_EXT = extension for BSD-specifc system calls. On some +# systems (eg Ultrix) these appear in section 2. +# On other system (eg SunOS 5) these are implemented +# via a BSD-compatibility library and appear in +# section 3. +# LIB_C_EXT = extension for C library routines (eg, signal) +# +SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +SYSCALL_EXT_DIR = ${SYSCALL_EXT} +BSD_SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +BSD_SYSCALL_EXT_DIR = ${BSD_SYSCALL_EXT} +LIB_C_EXT = 3 +LIB_C_EXT_DIR = ${LIB_C_EXT} + +# +# Platform specific assignments start here: +# + +# +# (CRAY) +# + +# +# (DEC AXP OSF/1) +# +#DESTMAN= /usr/share/man +#MANDIR = man +#CATEXT = $$N +#MAN_OWNER = -o root +#MAN_GROUP = -g root +#INSTALL = installbsd +#MANROFF = cat +## Extensions for DEC AXP OSF/1 manual entries +#CMD_EXT = 1 +#SYS_OPS_EXT = 8 +#LIB_NETWORK_EXT = 3 +#FORMAT_EXT = 4 +#DESC_EXT = 5 +# +#SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +#BSD_SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +#LIB_C_EXT = 3 + +# +# (irix4) +# + +# +# (irix5) +# + +# +# (sunos4.x) +# + +# +# (ULTRIX, sunos, other 4.[23]bsd-alikes) +# +#DESTMAN= /usr/man +#MANDIR = man +#CATEXT = $$N +#MAN_OWNER = -o root +#MAN_GROUP = -g root +#INSTALL = install +#MANROFF = cat +## Extensions for ULTRIX, sunos, other 4.[23]bsd-alikes manual entries +#CMD_EXT = 1 +#SYS_OPS_EXT = 8 +#LIB_NETWORK_EXT = 3n +#LIB_NETWORK_EXT_DIR = 3 +#FORMAT_EXT = 5 +#DESC_EXT = 7 +# +#SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +#BSD_SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +#LIB_C_EXT = 3 + +# +# SunOS 5.x (Solaris 2.x) +# +#DESTMAN= /usr/share/man +#MANDIR = man +#CATEXT = $$N +#MAN_OWNER = -o bin +#MAN_GROUP = -g bin +#INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install +#MANROFF = cat +#INDOT = in. +#XFER_INDOT = +## Extensions for Solaris 2.x manual entries +#CMD_EXT = 1 +#SYS_OPS_EXT = 1m +#LIB_NETWORK_EXT = 3n +#FORMAT_EXT = 4 +#DESC_EXT = 5 +# +#SYSCALL_EXT = 2 +#BSD_SYSCALL_EXT = 3b +#LIB_C_EXT = 3c + +# +# (hpux9.0) +# + +# +# (apollo domainos) +# + +# +# (AIX3) +# + +# +# (ConvexOS-10.x) +# + +# +# (NEC EWS4800 EWS-UX/V Rel4.0/Rel4.2) +# + +# +# SCO Unix 3.4.2 / ODT 3.0 +# + +# +# (NeXTstep 2.1 and 3.0) +# + +# +# (Sequent Dynix/PTX) +# + +###################################################################### +# +# No user changes needed past this point. +# +###################################################################### +# +# This sed command is used to update the manual entries so they refer to +# the appropriate section of the manual for a given platform. +# +EXT_SED_CMD = INDOT_U=`echo "${INDOT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export INDOT_U; \ + XFER_INDOT_U=`echo "${XFER_INDOT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export XFER_INDOT_U; \ + CMD_EXT_U=`echo "${CMD_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export CMD_EXT_U; \ + SYS_OPS_EXT_U=`echo "${SYS_OPS_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export SYS_OPS_EXT_U; \ + LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U=`echo "${LIB_NETWORK_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U; \ + FORMAT_EXT_U=`echo "${FORMAT_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export FORMAT_EXT_U; \ + DESC_EXT_U=`echo "${DESC_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export DESC_EXT_U; \ + SYSCALL_EXT_U=`echo "${SYSCALL_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export SYSCALL_EXT_U; \ + BSD_SYSCALL_EXT_U=`echo "${BSD_SYSCALL_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export BSD_SYSCALL_EXT_U; \ + LIB_C_EXT_U=`echo "${LIB_C_EXT}"|tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"`; \ + export LIB_C_EXT_U; \ + sed -e "s/@INDOT@/${INDOT}/g" \ + -e "s/@INDOT_U@/$${INDOT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@XFER_INDOT@/${XFER_INDOT}/g" \ + -e "s/@XFER_INDOT_U@/$${XFER_INDOT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@CMD_EXT@/${CMD_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@CMD_EXT_U@/$${CMD_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@/${LIB_NETWORK_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@/$${LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@FORMAT_EXT@/${FORMAT_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@FORMAT_EXT_U@/$${FORMAT_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@DESC_EXT@/${DESC_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@DESC_EXT_U@/$${DESC_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@SYS_OPS_EXT@/${SYS_OPS_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@SYS_OPS_EXT_U@/$${SYS_OPS_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@SYSCALL_EXT@/${SYSCALL_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@SYSCALL_EXT_U@/$${SYSCALL_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@BSD_SYSCALL_EXT@/${BSD_SYSCALL_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@BSD_SYSCALL_EXT_U@/$${BSD_SYSCALL_EXT_U}/g" \ + -e "s/@LIB_C_EXT@/${LIB_C_EXT}/g" \ + -e "s/@LIB_C_EXT_U@/$${LIB_C_EXT_U}/g" + +# +# Command used to produce manual entries +# +MK_MANFILE = ( ${EXT_SED_CMD} | ${MANROFF} ) + +# +# Extensions for the generated manual entries +# +CMD_OUT_EXT = out${CMD_EXT} +LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT = out${LIB_NETWORK_EXT} +FORMAT_OUT_EXT = out${FORMAT_EXT} +DESC_OUT_EXT = out${DESC_EXT} +SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT = out${SYS_OPS_EXT} + +# +# User command manual entries +# +CMD_BASE = dig host dnsquery +CMD_SRC_EXT = 1 +CMD_SRC = dig.${CMD_SRC_EXT} host.${CMD_SRC_EXT} dnsquery.${CMD_SRC_EXT} +CMD_OUT = dig.${CMD_OUT_EXT} host.${CMD_OUT_EXT} dnsquery.${CMD_OUT_EXT} + +# +# named manual entries +# +NAMED_BASE = named named.reload named.restart ndc +SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT = 8 +NAMED_SRC = named.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} named.reload.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} \ + named.restart.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} ndc.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} +NAMED_OUT = named.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} named.reload.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} \ + named.restart.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} ndc.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} + +# +# named-xfer manual entry +# +NAMED_XFER_BASE = named-xfer +NAMED_XFER_SRC = named-xfer.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} +NAMED_XFER_OUT = named-xfer.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} + +# +# nslookup manual entry +# +NSLOOKUP_BASE = nslookup +NSLOOKUP_SRC = nslookup.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} +NSLOOKUP_OUT = nslookup.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} + +# +# Network library routines manual entries +# +LIB_NETWORK_BASE = gethostbyname resolver getnetent +LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT = 3 +LIB_NETWORK_SRC = gethostbyname.${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT} \ + resolver.${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT} \ + getnetent.${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT} +LIB_NETWORK_OUT = gethostbyname.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} \ + resolver.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} \ + getnetent.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} + +# +# File format manual entries +# +FORMAT_BASE = resolver +FORMAT_SRC_EXT = 5 +FORMAT_SRC = resolver.${FORMAT_SRC_EXT} +FORMAT_OUT = resolver.${FORMAT_OUT_EXT} + +# +# Feature Description manual entries +# +DESC_BASE = hostname mailaddr +DESC_SRC_EXT = 7 +DESC_SRC = hostname.${DESC_SRC_EXT} mailaddr.${DESC_SRC_EXT} +DESC_OUT = hostname.${DESC_OUT_EXT} mailaddr.${DESC_OUT_EXT} + +.SUFFIXES: .${CMD_SRC_EXT} .${CMD_OUT_EXT} \ + .${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} .${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} \ + .${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT} .${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} \ + .${FORMAT_SRC_EXT} .${FORMAT_OUT_EXT} \ + .${DESC_SRC_EXT} .${DESC_OUT_EXT} + +.${CMD_SRC_EXT}.${CMD_OUT_EXT}: + ${MK_MANFILE} <$*.${CMD_SRC_EXT} >$*.${CMD_OUT_EXT} + +.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT}.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT}: + ${MK_MANFILE} <$*.${SYS_OPS_SRC_EXT} >$*.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} + +.${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT}.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT}: + ${MK_MANFILE} <$*.${LIB_NETWORK_SRC_EXT} >$*.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} + +.${FORMAT_SRC_EXT}.${FORMAT_OUT_EXT}: + ${MK_MANFILE} <$*.${FORMAT_SRC_EXT} >$*.${FORMAT_OUT_EXT} + +.${DESC_SRC_EXT}.${DESC_OUT_EXT}: + ${MK_MANFILE} <$*.${DESC_SRC_EXT} >$*.${DESC_OUT_EXT} + +OUTFILES = ${CMD_OUT} ${NAMED_OUT} ${NAMED_XFER_OUT} ${NSLOOKUP_OUT} \ + ${LIB_NETWORK_OUT} ${FORMAT_OUT} ${DESC_OUT} + +all: ${OUTFILES} + +install: ${OUTFILES} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${CMD_EXT_DIR} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${LIB_NETWORK_EXT_DIR} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${FORMAT_EXT_DIR} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${DESC_EXT_DIR} + @set -x; N=${CMD_EXT}; for f in ${CMD_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${CMD_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${CMD_EXT_DIR}/$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${SYS_OPS_EXT}; for f in ${NAMED_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR}/${INDOT}$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${SYS_OPS_EXT}; for f in ${NAMED_XFER_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR}/${XFER_INDOT}$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${SYS_OPS_EXT}; for f in ${NSLOOKUP_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${SYS_OPS_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR}/$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${LIB_NETWORK_EXT}; for f in ${LIB_NETWORK_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${LIB_NETWORK_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${LIB_NETWORK_EXT_DIR}/$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${FORMAT_EXT}; for f in ${FORMAT_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${FORMAT_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${FORMAT_EXT_DIR}/$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + @set -x; N=${DESC_EXT}; for f in ${DESC_BASE}; do \ + ${INSTALL} -c -m 444 ${MAN_OWNER} ${MAN_GROUP} \ + $${f}.${DESC_OUT_EXT} \ + ${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${DESC_EXT_DIR}/$${f}.${CATEXT}; \ + done + +${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${CMD_EXT_DIR} \ +${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${SYS_OPS_EXT_DIR} \ +${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${LIB_NETWORK_EXT_DIR} \ +${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${FORMAT_EXT_DIR} \ +${DESTDIR}${DESTMAN}/${MANDIR}${DESC_EXT_DIR}: + mkdir $@ + +depend: + +clean: + rm -f *~ *.BAK *.CKP *.orig + rm -f ${OUTFILES} diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/dig.1 b/contrib/bind/man/dig.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..53f33f9d462a --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/dig.1 @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +.\" $Id: dig.1,v 8.1 1994/12/15 06:24:10 vixie Exp $ +.\" +.\" ++Copyright++ 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" Distributed with 'dig' version 2.0 from University of Southern +.\" California Information Sciences Institute (USC-ISI). +.\" +.\" dig.1 2.0 (USC-ISI) 8/30/90 +.\" +.\" Man page reformatted for this release by Andrew Cherenson +.\" (arc@sgi.com) +.\" +.TH DIG @CMD_EXT_U@ "August 30, 1990" +.SH NAME +dig \- send domain name query packets to name servers +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B dig +.RI [ @\fIserver\fP ] +.I domain +.RI [ "<query-type>" ] +.RI [ "<query-class>" ] +.RI [ "+<query-option>" ] +.RI [ "\-<dig-option>" ] +.RI [ "%comment" ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +\fIDig\fP (domain information groper) is a flexible command line tool +which can be used to gather information from the Domain +Name System servers. \fIDig\fP has two modes: simple interactive mode +which makes a single query, and batch which executes a query for +each in a list of several query lines. All query options are +accessible from the command line. +.PP +The usual simple use of \fIdig\fP will take the form: +.sp 1 + dig @server domain query-type query-class +.sp 1 +where: +.IP \fIserver\fP +may be either a domain name or a dot-notation +Internet address. If this optional field is omitted, \fIdig\fP +will attempt to use the default name server for your machine. +.sp 1 +\fBNote:\fP If a domain name is specified, this will be resolved +using the domain name system resolver (i.e., BIND). If your +system does not support DNS, you may \fIhave\fP to specify a +dot-notation address. Alternatively, if there is a server +at your disposal somewhere, all that is required is that +/etc/resolv.conf be present and indicate where the default +name servers reside, so that \fIserver\fP itself can be +resolved. See +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@) +for information on /etc/resolv.conf. +(WARNING: Changing /etc/resolv.conf will affect +the standard resolver library and potentially several +programs which use it.) As an option, the user may set the +environment variable LOCALRES to name a file which is to +be used instead of /etc/resolv.conf (LOCALRES is specific +to the \fIdig\fP resolver and not referenced by the standard +resolver). If the LOCALRES variable is not set or the file +is not readable then /etc/resolv.conf will be used. +.IP \fIdomain\fP +is the domain name for which you are requesting information. +See OPTIONS [-x] for convenient way to specify inverse address +query. +.IP \fIquery-type\fP +is the type of information (DNS query type) that +you are requesting. If omitted, the default is "a" (T_A = address). +The following types are recognized: +.sp 1 +.ta \w'hinfoXX'u +\w'T_HINFOXX'u +.nf +a T_A network address +any T_ANY all/any information about specified domain +mx T_MX mail exchanger for the domain +ns T_NS name servers +soa T_SOA zone of authority record +hinfo T_HINFO host information +axfr T_AXFR zone transfer + (must ask an authoritative server) +txt T_TXT arbitrary number of strings +.fi +.sp 1 +(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.) +.IP \fIquery-class\fP +is the network class requested in the query. If +omitted, the default is "in" (C_IN = Internet). +The following classes are recognized: +.sp 1 +.ta \w'hinfoXX'u +\w'T_HINFOXX'u +.nf +in C_IN Internet class domain +any C_ANY all/any class information +.fi +.sp 1 +(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.) +.sp 1 +\fBNote:\fP +"Any" can be used to specify a class and/or a type of +query. \fIDig\fP will parse the first occurrence of "any" +to mean query-type = T_ANY. To specify query-class = +C_ANY you must either specify "any" twice, or set +query-class using "\-c" option (see below). +.SH OTHER OPTIONS +.IP "%ignored-comment" +"%" is used to included an argument that is simply not +parsed. This may be useful if running \fIdig\fP in batch +mode. Instead of resolving every @server-domain-name in +a list of queries, you can avoid the overhead of doing +so, and still have the domain name on the command line +as a reference. Example: +.sp 1 + dig @128.9.0.32 %venera.isi.edu mx isi.edu +.sp 1 +.IP "\-<dig option>" +"\-" is used to specify an option which effects the +operation of \fIdig\fP. The following options are currently +available (although not guaranteed to be useful): +.RS +.IP "\-x \fIdot-notation-address\fP" +Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping. +Instead of "dig 32.0.9.128.in-addr.arpa" one can +simply "dig -x 128.9.0.32". +.IP "\-f \fIfile\fP" +File for \fIdig\fP batch mode. The file contains a list +of query specifications (\fIdig\fP command lines) which +are to be executed successively. Lines beginning +with ';', '#', or '\\n' are ignored. Other options +may still appear on command line, and will be in +effect for each batch query. +.IP "\-T \fItime\fP" +Time in seconds between start of successive +queries when running in batch mode. Can be used +to keep two or more batch \fIdig\fP commands running +roughly in sync. Default is zero. +.IP "\-p \fIport\fP" +Port number. Query a name server listening to a +non-standard port number. Default is 53. +.IP "\-P[\fIping-string\fP]" +After query returns, execute a +.IR ping (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +command +for response time comparison. This rather +unelegantly makes a call to the shell. The last +three lines of statistics is printed for the +command: +.sp 1 + ping \-s server_name 56 3 +.sp 1 +If the optional "ping string" is present, it +replaces "ping \-s" in the shell command. +.IP "\-t \fIquery-type\fP" +Specify type of query. May specify either an +integer value to be included in the type field +or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed +above (i.e., mx = T_MX). +.IP "\-c \fIquery-class\fP" +Specify class of query. May specify either an +integer value to be included in the class field +or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed +above (i.e., in = C_IN). +.IP "\-envsav" +This flag specifies that the \fIdig\fP environment +(defaults, print options, etc.), after +all of the arguments are parsed, should be saved +to a file to become the default environment. +Useful if you do not like the standard set of +defaults and do not desire to include a +large number of options each time \fIdig\fP is used. +The environment consists of resolver state +variable flags, timeout, and retries as well as +the flags detailing \fIdig\fP output (see below). +If the shell environment variable LOCALDEF is set +to the name of a file, this is where the default +\fIdig\fP environment is saved. If not, the file +"DiG.env" is created in the current working directory. +.sp 1 +\fBNote:\fP LOCALDEF is specific to the \fIdig\fP resolver, +and will not affect operation of the standard +resolver library. +.sp 1 +Each time \fIdig\fP is executed, it looks for "./DiG.env" +or the file specified by the shell environment variable +LOCALDEF. If such file exists and is readable, then the +environment is restored from this file +before any arguments are parsed. +.IP "\-envset" +This flag only affects +batch query runs. When "\-envset" is +specified on a line in a \fIdig\fP batch file, +the \fIdig\fP environment after the arguments are parsed, +becomes the default environment for the duration of +the batch file, or until the next line which specifies +"\-envset". +.IP "\-[no]stick" +This flag only affects batch query runs. +It specifies that the \fIdig\fP environment (as read initially +or set by "\-envset" switch) is to be restored before each query +(line) in a \fIdig\fP batch file. +The default "\-nostick" means that the \fIdig\fP environment +does not stick, hence options specified on a single line +in a \fIdig\fP batch file will remain in effect for +subsequent lines (i.e. they are not restored to the +"sticky" default). + +.RE +.IP "+<query option>" +"+" is used to specify an option to be changed in the +query packet or to change \fIdig\fP output specifics. Many +of these are the same parameters accepted by +.IR nslookup (@SYS_OPS_EXT@). +If an option requires a parameter, the form is as +follows: +.sp 1 + +keyword[=value] +.sp 1 +Most keywords can be abbreviated. Parsing of the "+" +options is very simplistic \(em a value must not be +separated from its keyword by white space. The following +keywords are currently available: +.sp 1 +.nf +.ta \w'domain=NAMEXX'u +\w'(deb)XXX'u +Keyword Abbrev. Meaning [default] + +[no]debug (deb) turn on/off debugging mode [deb] +[no]d2 turn on/off extra debugging mode [nod2] +[no]recurse (rec) use/don't use recursive lookup [rec] +retry=# (ret) set number of retries to # [4] +time=# (ti) set timeout length to # seconds [4] +[no]ko keep open option (implies vc) [noko] +[no]vc use/don't use virtual circuit [novc] +[no]defname (def) use/don't use default domain name [def] +[no]search (sea) use/don't use domain search list [sea] +domain=NAME (do) set default domain name to NAME +[no]ignore (i) ignore/don't ignore trunc. errors [noi] +[no]primary (pr) use/don't use primary server [nopr] +[no]aaonly (aa) authoritative query only flag [noaa] +[no]sort (sor) sort resource records [nosor] +[no]cmd echo parsed arguments [cmd] +[no]stats (st) print query statistics [st] +[no]Header (H) print basic header [H] +[no]header (he) print header flags [he] +[no]ttlid (tt) print TTLs [tt] +[no]cl print class info [nocl] +[no]qr print outgoing query [noqr] +[no]reply (rep) print reply [rep] +[no]ques (qu) print question section [qu] +[no]answer (an) print answer section [an] +[no]author (au) print authoritative section [au] +[no]addit (ad) print additional section [ad] +pfdef set to default print flags +pfmin set to minimal default print flags +pfset=# set print flags to # + (# can be hex/octal/decimal) +pfand=# bitwise and print flags with # +pfor=# bitwise or print flags with # +.fi +.sp 1 +The retry and time options affect the retransmission strategy used by resolver +library when sending datagram queries. The algorithm is as follows: +.sp 1 +.in +5n +.nf +for i = 0 to retry \- 1 + for j = 1 to num_servers + send_query + wait((time * (2**i)) / num_servers) + end +end +.fi +.in -5n +.sp 1 +(Note: \fIdig\fP always uses a value of 1 for num_servers.) +.SH DETAILS +\fIDig\fP once required a slightly modified version of the BIND +.IR resolver (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@) +library. BIND's resolver has (as of BIND 4.9) been augmented to work +properly with \fIDig\fP. Essentially, \fIDig\fP is a straight-forward +(albeit not pretty) effort of parsing arguments and setting appropriate +parameters. \fIDig\fP uses resolver routines res_init(), res_mkquery(), +res_send() as well as accessing _res structure. +.SH FILES +.ta \w'/etc/resolv.confXX'u +/etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and name server +\./DiG.env default save file for default options +.br + addresses +.SH ENVIRONMENT +LOCALRES file to use in place of /etc/resolv.conf +.br +LOCALDEF default environment file +.SH AUTHOR +Steve Hotz +hotz@isi.edu +.SH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS +\fIDig\fP uses functions from +.IR nslookup (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +authored by Andrew Cherenson. +.SH BUGS +\fIDig\fP has a serious case of "creeping featurism" -- the result of +considering several potential uses during it's development. It would +probably benefit from a rigorous diet. Similarly, the print flags +and granularity of the items they specify make evident their +rather ad hoc genesis. +.PP +\fIDig\fP does not consistently exit nicely (with appropriate status) +when a problem occurs somewhere in the resolver (NOTE: most of the common +exit cases are handled). This is particularly annoying when running in +batch mode. If it exits abnormally (and is not caught), the entire +batch aborts; when such an event is trapped, \fIdig\fP simply +continues with the next query. +.SH SEE ALSO +@INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), nslookup(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/dnsquery.1 b/contrib/bind/man/dnsquery.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..510053ab3438 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/dnsquery.1 @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +.TH DNSQUERY @CMD_EXT_U@ "10 March 1990" +.UC 6 +.SH NAME +dnsquery \- query domain name servers using resolver +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B dnsquery +[-n +.I nameserver] +[-t +.I type] +[-c +.I class] +[-r +.I retry] +[-p +.I retry period] +[-d] [-s] [-v] host +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.IR dnsquery +program is a general interface to nameservers via +BIND resolver library calls. The program supports +queries to the nameserver with an opcode of QUERY. +This program is intended to be a replacement or +supplement to programs like nstest, nsquery and +nslookup. All arguments except for +.IR host +and +.IR ns +are treated without case-sensitivity. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP 1i +.B \-n +The nameserver to be used in the query. Nameservers can appear as either +Internet addresses of the form w.x.y.z or can appear as domain names. +(default: as specified in /etc/resolv.conf) +.TP 1i +.B \-t +The type of resource record of interest. Types include: +.RS 1.5i +.TP 1i +A +address +.PD 0 +.TP 1i +NS +nameserver +.TP 1i +CNAME +canonical name +.TP 1i +PTR +domain name pointer +.TP 1i +SOA +start of authority +.TP 1i +WKS +well-known service +.TP 1i +HINFO +host information +.TP 1i +MINFO +mailbox information +.TP 1i +MX +mail exchange +.TP 1i +RP +responsible person +.TP 1i +MG +mail group member +.TP 1i +AFSDB +DCE or AFS server +.TP 1i +ANY +wildcard +.RE +.PD +.IP +Note that any case may be used. (default: ANY) +.TP 1i +.B \-c +The class of resource records of interest. +Classes include: +.RS 2i +.TP 1i +IN +Internet +.PD 0 +.TP 1i +HS +Hesiod +.TP 1i +CHAOS +Chaos +.TP 1i +ANY +wildcard +.RE +.PD +.IP +Note that any case may be used. (default: IN) +.TP 1i +.B \-r +The number of times to retry if the nameserver is +not responding. (default: 4) +.TP 1i +.B \-p +Period to wait before timing out. (default: RES_TIMEOUT) +.IR options +field. (default: any answer) +.TP 1i +.B \-d +Turn on debugging. This sets the RES_DEBUG bit of the resolver's +.IR options +field. (default: no debugging) +.TP 1i +.B \-s +Use a +.IR stream +rather than a packet. This uses a TCP stream connection with +the nameserver rather than a UDP datagram. This sets the +RES_USEVC bit of the resolver's +.IR options +field. (default: UDP) +.TP 1i +.B \-v +Synonym for the 's' flag. +.TP 1i +.B host +The name of the host (or domain) of interest. +.SH FILES +/etc/resolv.conf to get the default ns and search lists +.br +<arpa/nameser.h> list of usable RR types and classes +.br +<resolv.h> list of resolver flags +.SH "SEE ALSO" +nslookup(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), nstest(@CMD_EXT@), nsquery(@CMD_EXT@), +named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@) +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +If the resolver fails to answer the query and debugging has not been +turned on, +.IR dnsquery +will simply print a message like: +.TP 1i +Query failed (rc = 1) : Unknown host +.LP +The value of the return code is supplied by h_errno. +.SH BUGS +Queries of a class other than IN can have interesting results +since ordinarily a nameserver only has a list of root nameservers +for class IN resource records. +.PP +Query uses a call to inet_addr() to determine if the argument +for the '-n' option is a valid Internet address. Unfortunately, +inet_addr() seems to cause a segmentation fault with some (bad) +addresses (e.g. 1.2.3.4.5). +.SH AUTHOR +Bryan Beecher diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/gethostbyname.3 b/contrib/bind/man/gethostbyname.3 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..23432a0561ec --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/gethostbyname.3 @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided +.\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and +.\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following +.\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the +.\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the +.\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in +.\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. +.\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may +.\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without +.\" specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" @(#)gethostbyname.3 6.12 (Berkeley) 6/23/90 +.\" +.TH GETHOSTBYNAME @LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@ "June 23, 1990" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent, herror \- get network host entry +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B "#include <netdb.h> +.PP +.B "extern int h_errno; +.PP +.B "struct hostent *gethostbyname(name) +.br +.B "char *name; +.PP +.B "struct hostent *gethostbyname2(name, af) +.br +.B "char *name; int af; +.PP +.B "struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(addr, len, type) +.br +.B "char *addr; int len, type; +.PP +.B "struct hostent *gethostent() +.PP +.B "sethostent(stayopen) +.br +.B "int stayopen; +.PP +.B "endhostent() +.PP +.B "herror(string) +.br +.B "char *string; +.PP +.SH DESCRIPTION +.IR Gethostbyname , +.IR gethostbyname2 , +and +.I gethostbyaddr +each return a pointer to an object with the +following structure describing an internet host +referenced by name or by address, respectively. +This structure contains either the information obtained from the name server, +.IR @INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@), +or broken-out fields from a line in +.IR /etc/hosts . +If the local name server is not running these routines do a lookup in +.IR /etc/hosts . +.RS +.PP +.nf +struct hostent { + char *h_name; /* official name of host */ + char **h_aliases; /* alias list */ + int h_addrtype; /* host address type */ + int h_length; /* length of address */ + char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses from name server */ +}; +#define h_addr h_addr_list[0] /* address, for backward compatibility */ +.ft R +.ad +.fi +.RE +.PP +The members of this structure are: +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_name +Official name of the host. +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_aliases +A zero terminated array of alternate names for the host. +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_addrtype +The type of address being returned; usually AF_INET. +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_length +The length, in bytes, of the address. +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_addr_list +A zero terminated array of network addresses for the host. +Host addresses are returned in network byte order. +.TP \w'h_addr_list'u+2n +h_addr +The first address in h_addr_list; this is for backward compatibility. +.PP +When using the nameserver, +.I gethostbyname +will search for the named host in the current domain and its parents +unless the name ends in a dot. +If the name contains no dot, and if the environment variable ``HOSTALAIASES'' +contains the name of an alias file, the alias file will first be searched +for an alias matching the input name. +See +.IR hostname (@DESC_EXT@) +for the domain search procedure and the alias file format. +.PP +.I Gethostbyname2 +is an evolution of +.I gethostbyname +intended to allow lookups in address families other than AF_INET, for example +AF_INET6. Currently the +.I af +argument must be specified as +.I AF_INET +else the function will return \s-2NULL\s+2 after having set +.I h_errno +to \s-2NETDB_INTERNAL\s+2. +.PP +.I Sethostent +may be used to request the use of a connected TCP socket for queries. +If the +.I stayopen +flag is non-zero, +this sets the option to send all queries to the name server using TCP +and to retain the connection after each call to +.I gethostbyname +or +.IR gethostbyaddr . +Otherwise, queries are performed using UDP datagrams. +.PP +.I Endhostent +closes the TCP connection. +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +.PP +Error return status from +.I gethostbyname +and +.I gethostbyaddr +is indicated by return of a null pointer. +The external integer +.IR h_errno +may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary failure +or an invalid or unknown host. +The routine +.I herror +can be used to print an error message describing the failure. +If its argument +.I string +is non-NULL, it is printed, followed by a colon and a space. +The error message is printed with a trailing newline. +.PP +.IR h_errno +can have the following values: +.RS +.IP NETDB_INTERNAL \w'HOST_NOT_FOUND'u+2n +This indicates an internal error in the library, unrelated to the network +or name service. +.I errno +will be valid in this case; see +.IR perror (3). +.IP HOST_NOT_FOUND \w'HOST_NOT_FOUND'u+2n +No such host is known. +.IP TRY_AGAIN \w'HOST_NOT_FOUND'u+2n +This is usually a temporary error +and means that the local server did not receive +a response from an authoritative server. +A retry at some later time may succeed. +.IP NO_RECOVERY \w'HOST_NOT_FOUND'u+2n +Some unexpected server failure was encountered. +This is a non-recoverable error. +.IP NO_DATA \w'HOST_NOT_FOUND'u+2n +The requested name is valid but does not have an IP address; +this is not a temporary error. +This means that the name is known to the name server but there is no address +associated with this name. +Another type of request to the name server using this domain name +will result in an answer; +for example, a mail-forwarder may be registered for this domain. +.RE +.SH FILES +/etc/hosts +.SH "SEE ALSO" +resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), hosts(@FORMAT_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@), @INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +.SH CAVEAT +.PP +.I Gethostent +is defined, and +.I sethostent +and +.I endhostent +are redefined, +when +.IR libc +is built to use only the routines to lookup in +.IR /etc/hosts +and not the name server. +.PP +.I Gethostent +reads the next line of +.IR /etc/hosts , +opening the file if necessary. +.PP +.I Sethostent +is redefined to open and rewind the file. If the +.I stayopen +argument is non-zero, +the hosts data base will not be closed after each call to +.I gethostbyname +or +.IR gethostbyaddr . +.I Endhostent +is redefined to close the file. +.SH BUGS +All information +is contained in a static area +so it must be copied if it is +to be saved. Only the Internet +address format is currently understood. diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/getnetent.3 b/contrib/bind/man/getnetent.3 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..22b394e1e786 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/getnetent.3 @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +.\" $Id: getnetent.3,v 8.2 1996/05/09 05:59:10 vixie Exp $ +.TH getnetent @LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@ +.SH NAME +getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent \- get networks +entry +.SH SYNTAX +.nf +.B #include <netdb.h> +.PP +.B struct netent *getnetent() +.PP +.B struct netent *getnetbyname(\fIname\fP) +.B char *\fIname\fP; +.PP +.B struct netent *getnetbyaddr(\fInet\fP, \fItype\fP) +.B unsigned long \fInet\fP; int \fItype\fP; +.PP +.B void setnetent(\fIstayopen\fP) +.B int \fIstayopen\fP; +.PP +.B void endnetent() +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.IR getnetent , +.IR getnetbyname , +and +.I getnetbyaddr +subroutines +each return a pointer to an object with the +following structure +containing the broken-out +fields of a line in the +.I networks +database. +.RS +.PP +.nf +struct netent { + char *n_name; /* official name of net */ + char **n_aliases; /* alias list */ + int n_addrtype; /* net number type */ + long n_net; /* net number */ +}; +.ft R +.ad +.fi +.RE +.PP +The members of this structure are: +.TP \w'n_addrtype'u+2n +n_name +The official name of the network. +.TP \w'n_addrtype'u+2n +n_aliases +A zero terminated list of alternate names for the network. +.TP \w'n_addrtype'u+2n +n_addrtype +The type of the network number returned: AF_INET. +.TP \w'n_addrtype'u+2n +n_net +The network number. Network numbers are returned in machine byte +order. +.PP +If the +.I stayopen +flag on a +.I setnetent +subroutine is NULL, the +.I networks +database is opened. Otherwise the +.I setnetent +has the effect of rewinding the +.I networks +database. +The +.I endnetent +may be called to +close the +.I networks +database when processing is complete. +.PP +The +.I getnetent +subroutine simply reads the next +line while +.I getnetbyname +and +.I getnetbyaddr +search until a matching +.I name +or +.I net +number is found +(or until EOF is encountered). The \fItype\fP must be AF_INET. +The +.I getnetent +subroutine keeps a pointer in the database, allowing +successive calls to be used +to search the entire file. +.PP +A call to +.I setnetent +must be made before a +.I while +loop using +.I getnetent +in order to perform initialization and an +.I endnetent +must be used after the loop. Both +.I getnetbyname +and +.I getnetbyaddr +make calls to +.I setnetent +and +.I endnetent . +.SH FILES +.I /etc/networks +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +Null pointer (0) returned on EOF or error. +.SH SEE ALSO +.nf +networks(@FORMAT_EXT@) +RFC 1101 +.SH HISTORY +The getnetent(), getnetbyaddr(), getnetbyname(), setnetent(), and +endnetent() functions appeared in 4.2BSD. +.SH BUGS +The data space used by these functions is static; if future use requires the +data, it should be copied before any subsequent calls to these functions +overwrite it. Only Internet network numbers are currently understood. +Expecting network numbers to fit in no more than 32 bits is probably naive. diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/host.1 b/contrib/bind/man/host.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9ade617c096b --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/host.1 @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" $Id: host.1,v 8.1 1994/12/15 06:24:10 vixie Exp $ +.TH HOST @CMD_EXT_U@ +.SH NAME +host \- look up host names using domain server +.SH SYNOPSIS +host [-l] [-v] [-w] [-r] [-d] [-t querytype] [-a] host [ server ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Host +looks for information about Internet hosts. It gets this information +from a set of interconnected servers that are spread across the +country. By default, it simply converts between host names and +Internet addresses. However with the -t or -a options, it can be used +to find all of the information about this host that is maintained +by the domain server. +.PP +The arguments can be either host names or host numbers. The program +first attempts to interpret them as host numbers. If this fails, +it will treat them as host names. A host number consists of +first decimal numbers separated by dots, e.g. 128.6.4.194 +A host name +consists of names separated by dots, e.g. topaz.rutgers.edu. +Unless the name ends in a dot, the local domain +is automatically tacked on the end. Thus a Rutgers user can say +"host topaz", and it will actually look up "topaz.rutgers.edu". +If this fails, the name is tried unchanged (in this case, "topaz"). +This same convention is used for mail and other network utilities. +The actual suffix to tack on the end is obtained +by looking at the results of a "hostname" call, and using everything +starting at the first dot. (See below for a description of +how to customize the host name lookup.) +.PP +The first argument is the host name you want to look up. +If this is a number, an "inverse query" is done, i.e. the domain +system looks in a separate set of databases used to convert numbers +to names. +.PP +The second argument is optional. It +allows you to specify a particular server to query. If you don't +specify this argument, the default server (normally the local machine) +is used. +.PP +If a name is specified, you may see output of three different kinds. +Here is an example that shows all of them: +.br + % host sun4 +.br + sun4.rutgers.edu is a nickname for ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.5.46 +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.4.4 +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU mail is handled by ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU +.br +The user has typed the command "host sun4". The first line indicates +that the name "sun4.rutgers.edu" is actually a nickname. The official +host name is "ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU'. The next two lines show the +address. If a system has more than one network interface, there +will be a separate address for each. The last line indicates +that ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU does not receive its own mail. Mail for +it is taken by ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU. There may be more than one +such line, since some systems have more than one other system +that will handle mail for them. Technically, every system that +can receive mail is supposed to have an entry of this kind. If +the system receives its own mail, there should be an entry +the mentions the system itself, for example +"XXX mail is handled by XXX". However many systems that receive +their own mail do not bother to mention that fact. If a system +has a "mail is handled by" entry, but no address, this indicates +that it is not really part of the Internet, but a system that is +on the network will forward mail to it. Systems on Usenet, Bitnet, +and a number of other networks have entries of this kind. +.PP +There are a number of options that can be used before the +host name. Most of these options are meaningful only to the +staff who have to maintain the domain database. +.PP +The option -w causes host to wait forever for a response. Normally +it will time out after around a minute. +.PP +The option -v causes printout to be in a "verbose" format. This +is the official domain master file format, which is documented +in the man page for "named". Without this option, output still follows +this format in general terms, but some attempt is made to make it +more intelligible to normal users. Without -v, +"a", "mx", and "cname" records +are written out as "has address", "mail is handled by", and +"is a nickname for", and TTL and class fields are not shown. +.PP +The option -r causes recursion to be turned off in the request. +This means that the name server will return only data it has in +its own database. It will not ask other servers for more +information. +.PP +The option -d turns on debugging. Network transactions are shown +in detail. +.PP +The option -t allows you to specify a particular type of information +to be looked up. The arguments are defined in the man page for +"named". Currently supported types are a, ns, md, mf, cname, +soa, mb, mg, mr, null, wks, ptr, hinfo, minfo, mx, uinfo, +uid, gid, unspec, and the wildcard, which may be written +as either "any" or "*". Types must be given in lower case. +Note that the default is to look first for "a", and then "mx", except +that if the verbose option is turned on, the default is only "a". +.PP +The option -a (for "all") is equivalent to "-v -t any". +.PP +The option -l causes a listing of a complete domain. E.g. +.br + host -l rutgers.edu +.br +will give a listing of all hosts in the rutgers.edu domain. The -t +option is used to filter what information is presented, as you +would expect. The default is address information, which also +include PTR and NS records. The command +.br + host -l -v -t any rutgers.edu +.br +will give a complete download of the zone data for rutgers.edu, +in the official master file format. (However the SOA record is +listed twice, for arcane reasons.) NOTE: -l is implemented by +doing a complete zone transfer and then filtering out the information +the you have asked for. This command should be used only if it +is absolutely necessary. +.SH CUSTOMIZING HOST NAME LOOKUP +In general, if the name supplied by the user does not +have any dots in it, a default domain is appended to the end. +This domain can be defined in /etc/resolv.conf, but is normally derived +by taking the local hostname after its first dot. The user can override +this, and specify a different default domain, using the environment +variable +.IR LOCALDOMAIN . +In addition, the user can supply his own abbreviations for host names. +They should be in a file consisting of one line per abbreviation. +Each line contains an abbreviation, a space, and then the full +host name. This file must be pointed to by an environment variable +.IR HOSTALIASES , +which is the name of the file. +.SH "See Also" +@INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +.SH BUGS +Unexpected effects can happen when you type a name that is not +part of the local domain. Please always keep in mind the +fact that the local domain name is tacked onto the end of every +name, unless it ends in a dot. Only if this fails is the name +used unchanged. +.PP +The -l option only tries the first name server listed for the +domain that you have requested. If this server is dead, you +may need to specify a server manually. E.g. to get a listing +of foo.edu, you could try "host -t ns foo.edu" to get a list +of all the name servers for foo.edu, and then try "host -l foo.edu xxx" +for all xxx on the list of name servers, until you find one that +works. diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/hostname.7 b/contrib/bind/man/hostname.7 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..255c53cfe44d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/hostname.7 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1987 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted +.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are +.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, +.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such +.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed +.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the +.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived +.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" @(#)hostname.7 6.4 (Berkeley) 1/16/90 +.\" +.TH HOSTNAME @DESC_EXT_U@ "February 16, 1994" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +hostname \- host name resolution description +.SH DESCRIPTION +Hostnames are domains. A domain is a hierarchical, dot-separated list +of subdomains. For example, the machine \fImonet\fP, in the \fIBerkeley\fP +subdomain of the \fIEDU\fP subdomain of the Internet Domain Name System +would be represented as +.br + \fImonet\fP.\fIBerkeley\fP.\fIEDU\fP +.br +(with no trailing dot). +.PP +Hostnames are often used with network client and server programs, +which must generally translate the name to an address for use. +(This task is usually performed by the library routine +.IR gethostbyname (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@).) +The default method for resolving hostnames by the Internet name resolver is +to follow \s-1RFC\s+1 1535's security recommendations. Actions can be taken +by the administrator to override these recommendations and to have the +resolver behave the same as earlier, non-\s-1RFC\s+1 1535 resolvers. +.PP +The default method (using \s-1RFC\s+1 1535 guidelines) follows: +.PP +If the name consists of a single component, i.e. contains no dot, and if the +environment variable ``\s-1HOSTALIASES\s+1'' is set to the name of a file, +that file is searched for a string matching the input hostname. The file +should consist of lines made up of two strings separated by white-space, the +first of which is the hostname alias, and the second of which is the complete +hostname to be substituted for that alias. If a case-insensitive match is +found between the hostname to be resolved and the first field of a line in +the file, the substituted name is looked up with no further processing. +.PP +If there is at least one dot in the name, then the name is first tried as +is. The number of dots to cause this action is configurable by setting the +threshold using the ``\fIndots\fP'' option in +.I /etc/resolv.conf +(default: \fI1\fP). If the name ends with a dot, the trailing dot is +removed, and the remaining name is looked up (regardless of the setting of +the 'ndots' option) and no further processing is done. +.PP +If the input name does not end with a trailing dot, it is looked up by +searching through a list of domains until a match is found. If neither the +search option in the +.I /etc/resolv.conf +file or the ``\s-1LOCALDOMAIN\s+1'' environment variable is used, then the +search list of domains contains only the full domain specified by the domain +option (in +.IR /etc/resolv.conf ) +or the domain used in the local hostname (see +.IR hostname (@CMD_EXT@) +and +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@)). +For example, if the ``\fIdomain\fP'' option is set to \fICS.Berkeley.EDU\fP, +then only CS.Berkeley.EDU will be in the search list and will be the only +domain appended to the partial hostname, for example, ``\fIlithium\fP'', +making \fIlithium.CS.Berkeley.EDU\fP the only name to be tried using the +search list. +.PP +If the search option is used in +.I /etc/resolv.conf +or the environment variable, ``\s-1LOCALDOMAIN\s+1'' is set by the user, then +the search list will include what is set by these methods. For +example, if the ``\fIsearch\fP'' option contained +.br + \fICS.Berkeley.EDU CChem.Berkeley.EDU Berkeley.EDU\fP +.br +then the partial hostname (e.g., ``\fIlithium\fP'') will be tried with each +domainname appended (in the same order specified). The resulting hostnames +that would be tried are: +.nf + \fIlithium.CS.Berkeley.EDU\fP + \fIlithium.CChem.Berkeley.EDU\fP + \fIlithium.Berkeley.EDU\fP +.fi +.PP +The environment variable ``\s-1LOCALDOMAIN\s+1'' overrides the +``\fIsearch\fP'' and ``\fIdomain\fP'' options, and if both search and domain +options are present in the resolver configuration file, then only the last +one listed is used (see +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@)). +.PP +If the name was not previously tried ``as is'' (i.e., it fell below the +``\fIndots\fP'' threshold or did not contain a dot), then the name as +originally provided is attempted. +.SH SEE ALSO +.IR gethostbyname (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@), +.IR mailaddr (@DESC_EXT@), +.IR @INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/mailaddr.7 b/contrib/bind/man/mailaddr.7 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9a69a4ddbe7c --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/mailaddr.7 @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted +.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are +.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, +.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such +.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed +.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the +.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived +.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mailaddr.7 6.5 (Berkeley) 2/14/89 +.\" +.TH MAILADDR @DESC_EXT_U@ "February 14, 1989" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +mailaddr \- mail addressing description +.SH DESCRIPTION +Mail addresses are based on the ARPANET protocol listed at the end of this +manual page. These addresses are in the general format +.PP + user@domain +.PP +where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains. For +example, the address +.PP + eric@monet.berkeley.edu +.PP +is normally interpreted from right to left: the message should go to the +ARPA name tables (which do not correspond exactly to the physical ARPANET), +then to the Berkeley gateway, after which it should go to the local host +monet. When the message reaches monet it is delivered to the user ``eric''. +.PP +Unlike some other forms of addressing, this does not imply any routing. +Thus, although this address is specified as an ARPA address, it might +travel by an alternate route if that were more convenient or efficient. +For example, at Berkeley, the associated message would probably go directly +to monet over the Ethernet rather than going via the Berkeley ARPANET +gateway. +.SS Abbreviation. +.PP +Under certain circumstances it may not be necessary to type the entire +domain name. In general, anything following the first dot may be omitted +if it is the same as the domain from which you are sending the message. +For example, a user on ``calder.berkeley.edu'' could send to ``eric@monet'' +without adding the ``berkeley.edu'' since it is the same on both sending +and receiving hosts. +.PP +Certain other abbreviations may be permitted as special cases. For +example, at Berkeley, ARPANET hosts may be referenced without adding +the ``berkeley.edu'' as long as their names do not conflict with a local +host name. +.SS Compatibility. +.PP +Certain old address formats are converted to the new format to provide +compatibility with the previous mail system. In particular, +.PP + user@host.ARPA +.PP +is allowed and +.PP + host:user +.PP +is converted to +.PP + user@host +.PP +to be consistent with the \fIrcp\fP(@CMD_EXT@) command. +.PP +Also, the syntax +.PP + host!user +.PP +is converted to: +.PP + user@host.UUCP +.PP +This is normally converted back to the ``host!user'' form before being sent +on for compatibility with older UUCP hosts. +.PP +The current implementation is not able to route messages automatically through +the UUCP network. Until that time you must explicitly tell the mail system +which hosts to send your message through to get to your final destination. +.SS Case Distinctions. +.PP +Domain names (i.e., anything after the ``@'' sign) may be given in any mixture +of upper and lower case with the exception of UUCP hostnames. Most hosts +accept any combination of case in user names, with the notable exception of +MULTICS sites. +.SS Route-addrs. +.PP +Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through +several hosts to get it to the final destination. Normally this routing +is done automatically, but sometimes it is desirable to route the message +manually. Addresses which show these relays are termed ``route-addrs.'' +These use the syntax: +.PP + <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc> +.PP +This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to hostb, +and finally to hostc. This path is forced even if there is a more efficient +path to hostc. +.PP +Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally +augmented by the software at each host. It is generally possible to ignore +all but the ``user@domain'' part of the address to determine the actual +sender. +.SS Postmaster. +.PP +Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated ``postmaster'' +to which problems with the mail system may be addressed. +.SS Other Networks. +.PP +Some other networks can be reached by giving the name of the network as the +last component of the domain. \fIThis is not a standard feature\fP and may +not be supported at all sites. For example, messages to CSNET or BITNET sites +can often be sent to ``user@host.CSNET'' or ``user@host.BITNET'' respectively. +.SH BUGS +The RFC822 group syntax (``group:user1,user2,user3;'') is not supported +except in the special case of ``group:;'' because of a conflict with old +berknet-style addresses. +.PP +Route-Address syntax is grotty. +.PP +UUCP- and ARPANET-style addresses do not coexist politely. +.SH SEE ALSO +mail(@CMD_EXT@), sendmail(@SYS_OPS_EXT@); +Crocker, D. H., +.ul +Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text Messages, +RFC822. diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/named-xfer.8 b/contrib/bind/man/named-xfer.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..54ae2be1a5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/named-xfer.8 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1985 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1985 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" from named.8 6.6 (Berkeley) 2/14/89 +.\" +.TH @XFER_INDOT_U@NAMED-XFER @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "June 26, 1993" +.UC 4 +.SH NAME +@XFER_INDOT@named-xfer \- ancillary agent for inbound zone transfers +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B named-xfer +.B \-z +.I zone_to_transfer +.B \-f +.I db_file +.B \-s +.I serial_no +[ +.B \-d +.I debuglevel +] [ +.B \-l +.I debug_log_file +] [ +.B \-t +.I trace_file +] [ +.B \-p +.I port# +] [ +.B \-S +] +.I nameserver +... +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Named-xfer +is an ancillary program executed by +.IR @INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +to perform an inbound zone transfer. It is rarely executed directly, and +only by system administrators who are trying to debug a zone transfer problem. +See RFC's 1033, 1034, and 1035 for more information on the Internet +name-domain system. +.PP +Options are: +.TP +.B \-z +specifies the name of the zone to be transferred. +.TP +.B \-f +specifies the name of the file into which the zone should be dumped +when it is received from the primary server. +.TP +.B \-s +specifies the serial number of our current copy of this zone. If the +\s-1SOA RR\s+1 we get from the primary server does not have a serial +number higher than this, the transfer will be aborted. +.TP +.B \-d +Print debugging information. +A number after the ``d'' determines the level of +messages printed. +.TP +.B \-l +Specifies a log file for debugging messages. The default is system- +dependent but is usually in +.I /var/tmp +or +.IR /usr/tmp . +Note that this only applies if +.I \-d +is also specified. +.TP +.B \-t +Specifies a trace file which will contain a protocol trace of the zone +transfer. This is probably only of interest to people debugging the name +server itself. +.TP +.B \-p +Use a different port number. The default is the standard port number +as returned by getservbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@) for service ``domain''. +.TP +.B \-S +Perform a restricted transfer of only the SOA, NS records and glue A records +for the zone. The SOA record will not be loaded by named but will be used to +determine when to verify the NS records. See the ``stubs'' directive in +.IR @INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +for more information. +.PP +Additional arguments are taken as name server addresses in so-called +``dotted-quad'' syntax only; no host name are allowed here. At least +one address must be specified. Any additional addresses will be tried +in order if the first one fails to transfer to us successfully. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +@INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@), +RFC 882, RFC 883, RFC 973, RFC 974, RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, RFC 1123, +\fIName Server Operations Guide for \s-1BIND\s+1\fR diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/named.8 b/contrib/bind/man/named.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fae5d518653a --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/named.8 @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1985 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1985 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" @(#)named.8 6.6 (Berkeley) 2/14/89 +.\" +.TH @INDOT_U@NAMED @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "June 20, 1995" +.UC 4 +.SH NAME +@INDOT@named \- Internet domain name server +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B @INDOT@named +[ +.B \-d +.I debuglevel +] [ +.B \-p +.IR port# [\fB/\fP\fIlocalport#\fP] +] [{\-b} +.I bootfile +] [ +.B \-q +] [ +.B \-r +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Named +is the Internet domain name server. +See RFC's 1033, 1034, and 1035 for more information on the Internet +name-domain system. Without any arguments, +.I named +will read the default boot file +.IR /etc/named.boot , +read any initial data and listen for queries. +.PP +Options are: +.TP +.B \-d +Print debugging information. +A number after the ``d'' determines the level of +messages printed. +.TP +.B \-p +Use nonstandard port numbers. The default is the standard port number +as returned by getservbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@) for service ``domain''. +The argument can specify two port numbers separated by a slash (``\fB/\fP'') +in which case the first port is that used when contacting remote servers, +and the second one is the service port bound by the local instance of +.IR named . +This is used mostly for debugging purposes. +.TP +.B \-b +Use an alternate boot file. This is optional and allows you to +specify a file with a leading dash. +.TP +.B \-q +Trace all incoming queries if \fInamed\fP has been compiled with +\fIQRYLOG\fP defined. \fINOTE:\fP this option is deprecated in favour +of the boot file directive ``options query-log''. +.TP +.B \-r +Turns recursion off in the server. Answers can come only from local +(primary or secondary) zones. This can be used on root servers. +\fINOTE:\fP this option is deprecated in favour +of the boot file directive ``options no-recursion''. +.PP +Any additional argument is taken as the name of the boot file. +If multiple boot files are specified, only the last is used. +.PP +The boot file contains information about where the name server is to get +its initial data. +Lines in the boot file cannot be continued on subsequent lines. +The following is a small example: +.in +2m +.nf + +; +; boot file for name server +; +directory /usr/local/adm/named + +.ta \w'forwarders\ 'u +\w'6.32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA\ 'u +\w'128.32.137.8 128.32.137.3\ 'u +; type domain source host/file backup file + +cache . root.cache +primary Berkeley.EDU berkeley.edu.zone +primary 32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA ucbhosts.rev +secondary CC.Berkeley.EDU 128.32.137.8 128.32.137.3 cc.zone.bak +secondary 6.32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA 128.32.137.8 128.32.137.3 cc.rev.bak +primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA localhost.rev +forwarders 10.0.0.78 10.2.0.78 +limit transfers-in 10 +limit datasize 64M +options forward-only query-log fake-iquery +check-names primary fail +check-names secondary warn +check-names response ignore + +.DT +.fi +.in +The ``directory'' line causes the server to change its working directory to +the directory specified. This can be important for the correct processing +of \s-1$INCLUDE\s+1 files in primary zone files. +.LP +The ``cache'' line specifies that data in ``root.cache'' is to be placed in +the backup cache. Its main use is to specify data such as locations of root +domain servers. This cache is not used during normal operation, but is used +as ``hints'' to find the current root servers. The file ``root.cache'' is +in the same format as ``berkeley.edu.zone''. There can be more than one +``cache'' file specified. The ``root.cache'' file should be retrieved +periodically from \s-1FTP.RS.INTERNIC.NET\s+1 since it contains a list of +root servers, and this list changes periodically. +.LP +The first example ``primary'' line states that the file +``berkeley.edu.zone'' contains authoritative data for the ``Berkeley.EDU'' +zone. The file ``berkeley.edu.zone'' contains data in the master file +format described in RFC 883. All domain names are relative to the origin, in +this case, ``Berkeley.EDU'' (see below for a more detailed description). +The second ``primary'' line states that the file ``ucbhosts.rev'' contains +authoritative data for the domain ``32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA,'' which is used to +translate addresses in network 128.32 to hostnames. Each master file should +begin with an SOA record for the zone (see below). +.LP +The first example ``secondary'' line specifies that all authoritative data +under ``CC.Berkeley.EDU'' is to be transferred from the name server at +128.32.137.8. If the transfer fails it will try 128.32.137.3 and continue +trying the addresses, up to 10, listed on this line. The secondary copy is +also authoritative for the specified domain. The first non-dotted-quad +address on this line will be taken as a filename in which to backup the +transferred zone. The name server will load the zone from this backup file +if it exists when it boots, providing a complete copy even if the master +servers are unreachable. Whenever a new copy of the domain is received by +automatic zone transfer from one of the master servers, this file will be +updated. If no file name is given, a temporary file will be used, and will +be deleted after each successful zone transfer. This is not recommended +since it is a needless waste of bandwidth. The second example ``secondary'' +line states that the address-to-hostname mapping for the subnet 128.32.136 +should be obtained from the same list of master servers as the previous zone. +.LP +The ``forwarders'' line specifies the addresses of sitewide servers that +will accept recursive queries from other servers. If the boot file +specifies one or more forwarders, then the server will send all queries for +data not in the cache to the forwarders first. Each forwarder will be asked +in turn until an answer is returned or the list is exhausted. If no answer +is forthcoming from a forwarder, the server will continue as it would have +without the forwarders line unless it is in ``forward-only'' mode. The +forwarding facility is useful to cause a large sitewide cache to be +generated on a master, and to reduce traffic over links to outside servers. +It can also be used to allow servers to run that do not have direct access +to the Internet, but wish to look up exterior names anyway. +.LP +The ``slave'' line (deprecated) is allowed for backward compatibility. Its +meaning is identical to ``options forward-only''. +.LP +The ``sortlist'' line can be used to indicate networks that are to be +preferred over other networks. Queries for host addresses from hosts on the +same network as the server will receive responses with local network +addresses listed first, then addresses on the sort list, then other +addresses. +.LP +The ``xfrnets'' directive (not shown) can be used to implement primitive +access control. If this directive is given, then your name server will +only answer zone transfer requests from hosts which are on networks listed +in your ``xfrnets'' directives. This directive may also be given as +``tcplist'' for compatibility with older, interim servers. +.LP +The ``include'' directive (not shown) can be used to process the contents +of some other file as though they appeared in place of the ``include'' +directive. This is useful if you have a lot of zones or if you have +logical groupings of zones which are maintained by different people. +The ``include'' directive takes one argument, that being the name of the +file whose contents are to be included. No quotes are necessary around +the file name. +.LP +The ``bogusns'' directive (not shown) tells \s-1BIND\s+1 that no queries +are to be sent to the specified name server addresses (which are specified +as dotted quads, not as domain names). This is useful when you know that +some popular server has bad data in a zone or cache, and you want to avoid +contamination while the problem is being fixed. +.LP +The ``limit'' directive can be used to change \s-1BIND\s+1's internal limits, +some of which (\fBdatasize\fP, for example) are implemented by the system and +others (like \fBtransfers-in\fP) by \s-1BIND\s+1 itself. The number following +the limit name can be scaled by postfixing a ``k,'' ``m,'' or ``g'' for +kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes respectively. +\fBdatasize\fP's argument sets the process data size enforced by the kernel. +\fINote:\fP not all systems provide a call to implement this -- on such +systems, the use of the \fBdatasize\fP parameter of ``limit'' will result in +a warning message. +\fBtransfers-in\fP's argument is the number of \fInamed-xfer\fP subprocesses +which \s-1BIND\s+1 will spawn at any one time. +\fBtransfers-per-ns\fP's argument is the maximum number of zone transfers to +be simultaneously initiated to any given remote name server. +.LP +The ``options'' directive introduces a boolean specifier that changes the +behaviour of \s-1BIND\s+1. More than one option can be specified in a single +directive. The currently defined options are as follows: +\fBno-recursion\fP, which will cause \s-1BIND\s+1 to answer with a referral +rather than actual data whenever it receives a query for a name it is not +authoritative for -- don't set this on a server that is listed in any host's +\fIresolv.conf\fP file; +\fBno-fetch-glue\fP, which keeps \s-1BIND\s+1 from fetching missing glue when +constructing the ``additional data'' section of a response; this can be used +in conjunction with \fBno-recursion\fP to prevent \s-1BIND\s+1's cache from +ever growing in size or becoming corrupted; +\fBquery-log\fP, which causes all queries to be logged via +syslog(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) -- this is a lot of data, don't turn it on lightly; +\fBforward-only\fP, which causes the server to query only its forwarders -- +this option is normally used on machine that wishes to run a server but for +physical or administrative reasons cannot be given access to the Internet; +and \fBfake-iquery\fP, which tells \s-1BIND\s+1 to send back a useless and +bogus reply to ``inverse queries'' rather than responding with an error -- +this is helpful if you have a lot of microcomputers or SunOS hosts or both. +.LP +The ``check-names'' directive tells \s-1BIND\s+1 to check names in either +``primary'' or ``secondary'' zone files, or in messages (``response'') +received during recursion (for example, those which would be forwarded back +to a firewalled requestor). For each type of name, +\s-1BIND\s+1 can be told to ``fail'', such that a zone would not be loaded +or a response would not be cached or forwarded, or merely ``warn'' which +would cause a message to be emitted in the system operations logs, or to +``ignore'' the badness of a name and process it in the traditional fashion. +Names are considered good if they match RFC 952's expectations (if they are +host names), or if they consist only of printable \s-1ASCII\s+1 characters +(if they are not host names). +.LP +The ``max-fetch'' directive (not shown) is allowed for backward compatibility; +its meaning is identical to ``limit transfers-in''. +.PP +The master file consists of control information and a list of resource +records for objects in the zone of the forms: +.RS +.nf + +$INCLUDE <filename> <opt_domain> +$ORIGIN <domain> +<domain> <opt_ttl> <opt_class> <type> <resource_record_data> + +.fi +.RE +where +.I domain +is "." for root, "@" for the current origin, or a standard domain +name. If +.I domain +is a standard domain name that does not end with ``.'', the current origin +is appended to the domain. Domain names ending with ``.'' are +unmodified. +The +.I opt_domain +field is used to define an origin for the data in an included file. +It is equivalent to placing a $ORIGIN statement before the first +line of the included file. The field is optional. +Neither the +.I opt_domain +field nor $ORIGIN statements in the included file modify the current origin +for this file. +The +.I opt_ttl +field is an optional integer number for the time-to-live field. +It defaults to zero, meaning the minimum value specified in the SOA +record for the zone. +The +.I opt_class +field is the object address type; currently only one type is supported, +.BR IN , +for objects connected to the DARPA Internet. +The +.I type +field contains one of the following tokens; the data expected in the +.I resource_record_data +field is in parentheses. +.TP "\w'MINFO 'u" +A +a host address (dotted quad) +.IP NS +an authoritative name server (domain) +.IP MX +a mail exchanger (domain), preceded by a preference value (0..32767), +with lower numeric values representing higher logical preferences. +.IP CNAME +the canonical name for an alias (domain) +.IP SOA +marks the start of a zone of authority (domain of originating host, +domain address of maintainer, a serial number and the following +parameters in seconds: refresh, retry, expire and minimum TTL (see RFC 883)). +.IP NULL +a null resource record (no format or data) +.IP RP +a Responsible Person for some domain name (mailbox, TXT-referral) +.IP PTR +a domain name pointer (domain) +.IP HINFO +host information (cpu_type OS_type) +.PP +Resource records normally end at the end of a line, +but may be continued across lines between opening and closing parentheses. +Comments are introduced by semicolons and continue to the end of the line. +.PP +Note that there are other resource record types, not shown here. You should +consult the \s-1BIND\s+1 Operations Guide (``\s-1BOG\s+1'') for the complete +list. Some resource record types may have been standardized in newer RFC's +but not yet implemented in this version of \s-1BIND\s+1. +.PP +Each master zone file should begin with an SOA record for the zone. +An example SOA record is as follows: +.LP +.nf +@ IN SOA ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU. rwh.ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU. ( + 1989020501 ; serial + 10800 ; refresh + 3600 ; retry + 3600000 ; expire + 86400 ) ; minimum +.fi +.LP +The SOA specifies a serial number, which should be changed each time the +master file is changed. Note that the serial number can be given as a +dotted number, but this is a \fIvery\fP unwise thing to do since the +translation to normal integers is via concatenation rather than +multiplication and addition. You can spell out the year, month, day of +month, and 0..99 version number and still fit inside the unsigned 32-bit +size of this field. It's true that we will have to rethink this strategy in +the year 4294 (Greg.) but we're not worried about it. Secondary servers +check the serial number at intervals specified by the refresh time in +seconds; if the serial number changes, a zone transfer will be done to load +the new data. If a master server cannot be contacted when a refresh is due, +the retry time specifies the interval at which refreshes should be attempted. +If a master server cannot be contacted within the interval given by the +expire time, all data from the zone is discarded by secondary servers. The +minimum value is the time-to-live (``\s-1TTL\s+1'') used by records in the +file with no explicit time-to-live value. +.SH NOTES +The boot file directives ``domain'' and ``suffixes'' have been +obsoleted by a more useful resolver-based implementation of +suffixing for partially qualified domain names. The prior mechanisms +could fail under a number of situations, especially when then local +nameserver did not have complete information. +.sp +The following signals have the specified effect when sent to the +server process using the +.IR kill (@CMD_EXT@) +command. +.IP SIGHUP +Causes server to read named.boot and reload the database. If the server +is built with the FORCED_RELOAD compile-time option, then SIGHUP will +also cause the server to check the serial number on all secondary zones. +Normally the serial numbers are only checked at the SOA-specified intervals. +.IP SIGINT +Dumps the current data base and cache to /var/tmp/named_dump.db +.IP SIGIOT +Dumps statistics data into /var/tmp/named.stats if the server is +compiled with -DSTATS. Statistics data is appended to the file. Some +systems use SIGABRT rather than SIGIOT for this. +.IP SIGSYS +Dumps the profiling data in /var/tmp if the server is compiled +with profiling (server forks, chdirs and exits). +.IP SIGTERM +Dumps the primary and secondary database files. +Used to save modified data on shutdown if the +server is compiled with dynamic updating enabled. +.IP SIGUSR1 +Turns on debugging; each SIGUSR1 increments debug level. +(SIGEMT on older systems without SIGUSR1) +.IP SIGUSR2 +Turns off debugging completely. +(SIGFPE on older systems without SIGUSR2) +.IP SIGWINCH +Toggles logging of all incoming queries via syslog(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +(requires server to have been built with the QRYLOG option). +.SH FILES +.nf +.ta \w'/var/tmp/named_dump.db 'u +/etc/named.boot name server configuration boot file +/etc/named.pid the process id (on older systems) +/var/run/named.pid the process id (on newer systems) +/var/tmp/named_dump.db dump of the name server database +/var/tmp/named.run debug output +/var/tmp/named.stats nameserver statistics data +.fi +.SH "SEE ALSO" +kill(@CMD_EXT@), gethostbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), signal(@SYSCALL_EXT@), +resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@), +RFC 882, RFC 883, RFC 973, RFC 974, RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, RFC 1123, +\fIName Server Operations Guide for \s-1BIND\s+1\fR diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/named.reload.8 b/contrib/bind/man/named.reload.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b838ea04b339 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/named.reload.8 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1987, 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" from hostname.7 6.4 (Berkeley) 1/16/90 +.\" +.TH @INDOT_U@NAMED.RELOAD @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "June 26, 1993" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +@INDOT@named.reload \- cause the name server to synchronize its database +.SH DESCRIPTION +This command sends a \s-1SIGHUP\s+1 to the running name server. This +signal is documented in +.IR named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@). +.SH BUGS +Does not check to see if the name server is actually running, and could +use a stale PID cache file which may result in the death of an unrelated +process. +.SH SEE ALSO +@INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), @INDOT@named.restart(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/named.restart.8 b/contrib/bind/man/named.restart.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..034bebdaec6a --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/named.restart.8 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1987, 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" from hostname.7 6.4 (Berkeley) 1/16/90 +.\" +.TH @INDOT_U@NAMED.RESTART @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "June 26, 1993" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +@INDOT@named.restart \- stop and restart the name server +.SH DESCRIPTION +This command sends a \s-1SIGKILL\s+1 to the running name server and then +starts a new one. +.SH BUGS +Does not check to see if the name server is actually running, and could +use a stale PID cache file which may result in the death of an unrelated +process. +.PP +Does not wait after killing the old server before starting a new one; since +the server could take some time to die and the new one will experience a +fatal error if the old one isn't gone by the time it starts, you can be left +in a situation where you have no name server at all. +.SH SEE ALSO +@INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), @INDOT@named.reload(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/ndc.8 b/contrib/bind/man/ndc.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6d9ecfa5ca29 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/ndc.8 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.TH @INDOT_U@NDC @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "November 27, 1994" +.UC 5 +.SH NAME +@INDOT@ndc \- name daemon control interface +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B @INDOT@ndc +.I directive +[ ... ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +This command allows the name server administrator to send various signals +to the name server, or to restart it. Zero or more directives may be given, +from the following list: +.TP +.B status +Displays the current status of +.B @INDOT@named +as shown by +.BR ps (1). +.TP +.B dumpdb +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to dump its database and cache to +.B /var/tmp/named_dump.db +(uses the INT signal.) +.TP +.B reload +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to check the serial numbers of all primary and secondary zones +and to reload those that have changed (uses the HUP signal.) +.TP +.B stats +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to dump its statistics to +.B /var/tmp/named.stats +(uses the IOT or ABRT signal.) +.TP +.B trace +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to increment its ``tracing level'' by one. Whenever the tracing level +is nonzero, trace information will be written to +.BR /var/tmp/named.run . +Higher tracing levels result in more detailed information. +(Uses the USR1 signal.) +.TP +.B notrace +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to set its ``tracing level'' to zero, closing +.B /var/tmp/named.run +if it is open (uses the USR2 signal.) +.TP +.B querylog +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to toggle the ``query logging'' feature, which while on will result in a +.BR syslog (3) +of each incoming query (uses the WINCH signal.) Note that query logging +consumes quite a lot of log file space. This directive may also be given as +.BR qrylog . +.TP +.B start +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to be started, as long as it isn't already running. +.TP +.B stop +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to be stopped, if it is running. +.TP +.B restart +Causes +.B @INDOT@named +to be killed and restarted. +.SH BUGS +Arguments to +.B @INDOT@named +are not preserved by +.BR restart , +or known by +.BR start . +Some mechanism for controlling the parameters and environment should exist. +.PP +Implemented as a +.BR sh (1) +script. +.SH AUTHOR +Paul Vixie (Internet Software Consortium) +.SH SEE ALSO +@INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), +@INDOT@named.reload(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), +@INDOT@named.restart(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/nslookup.8 b/contrib/bind/man/nslookup.8 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..de0306aa0972 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/nslookup.8 @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ +.\" +.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90 +.\" +.TH NSLOOKUP @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ "June 24, 1990" +.UC 6 +.SH NAME +nslookup \- query Internet name servers interactively +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B nslookup +[ +.I \-option ... +] +[ +.I host-to-find +| \- [ +.I server +]] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Nslookup +is a program to query Internet domain name servers. +Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. +Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for +information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts +in a domain. +Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information +for a host or domain. +.sp 1 +.SH ARGUMENTS +Interactive mode is entered in the following cases: +.IP a) 4 +when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used), +.IP b) 4 +when the first argument is a hyphen (\-) and the second argument +is the host name or Internet address of a name server. +.LP +Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address +of the host to be looked up +is given as the first argument. The optional second argument specifies +the host name or address of a name server. +.LP +The options listed under the ``set'' command below can be specified in +the .nslookuprc file in the user's home directory if they are listed +one per line. Options can also be specified +on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with +a hyphen. For example, to change the default query type to host information, +and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type: +.sp .5v + nslookup \-query=hinfo \-timeout=10 +.sp .5v +.SH "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS" +Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C. +To exit, type a control-D (EOF) or type exit. +The command line length must be less than 256 characters. +To treat a built-in command as a host name, +precede it with an escape character (\e). +\fBN.B.\fP an unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name. +.sp .5v +.IP "\fIhost\fP [\fIserver\fP]" +Look up information for \fIhost\fP using the current default server +or using \fIserver\fP if specified. +If \fIhost\fP is an Internet address and the query type is A or PTR, the +name of the host is returned. +If \fIhost\fP is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default +domain name is appended to the name. (This behavior depends on the state of the +\fBset\fP options \fBdomain\fP, \fBsrchlist\fP, +\fBdefname\fP, and \fBsearch\fP). +To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to +the name. +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBserver\fP \fIdomain\fP" +.ns +.IP "\fBlserver\fP \fIdomain\fP" +Change the default server to \fIdomain\fP. +\fBLserver\fP uses the initial server to look up +information about \fIdomain\fP while \fBserver\fP +uses the current default server. +If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers +that might have the answer are returned. +.sp 1 +.IP \fBroot\fP +Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space. +Currently, the host ns.internic.net is used. +(This command is a synonym for \fBlserver ns.internic.net.\fP) +The name of the root server can be changed with the \fBset root\fP command. +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]" +.ns +.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]" +Connects with the finger server on the current host. +The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host +was successful and returned address information (see the +\fBset querytype=A\fP command). +\fIName\fP is optional. +\fB>\fP and \fB>>\fP can be used to redirect output in the +usual manner. +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>\fR \fIfilename\fR]" +.ns +.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>>\fR \fIfilename\fR]" +List the information available for \fIdomain\fP, optionally creating +or appending to \fIfilename\fP. +The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses. +.I Option +can be one of the following: +.RS +.IP "\fB\-t \fIquerytype\fP" 4 +lists all records of the specified type (see \fIquerytype\fP below). +.IP \fB\-a\fP 4 +lists aliases of hosts in the domain. +synonym for \fB\-t\ \ CNAME\fP. +.IP \fB\-d\fP 4 +lists all records for the domain. +synonym for \fB\-t\ \ ANY\fP. +.IP \fB\-h\fP 4 +lists CPU and operating system information for the domain. +synonym for \fB\-t\ \ HINFO\fP. +.IP \fB\-s\fP 4 +lists well-known services of hosts in the domain. +synonym for \fB\-t\ \ WKS\fP. +.P +When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every +50 records received from the server. +.RE +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBview\fP \fIfilename\fP" +Sorts and lists the output of previous \fBls\fP command(s) with +\fImore\fP(@CMD_EXT@). +.sp 1 +.ne 4 +.IP "\fBhelp\fP" +.ns +.IP "\fB?\fP" +Prints a brief summary of commands. +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBexit\fP" +Exits the program. +.sp 1 +.IP "\fBset\fP \fIkeyword\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]" +This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups. +Valid keywords are: +.RS +.IP "\fBall\fP" +Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to \fBset\fP. +Information about the current default server and host is also printed. +.IP "\fBclass=\fIvalue\fR" +Change the query class to one of: +.RS +.IP IN 10 +the Internet class. +.IP CHAOS 10 +the Chaos class. +.IP HESIOD 10 +the MIT Athena Hesiod class. +.IP ANY 10 +wildcard (any of the above). +.P +The class specifies the protocol group of the information. +.br +(Default = IN, abbreviation = cl) +.RE +.IP "\fB[no]debug\fP" +Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the +packet sent to the server and the resulting answer. +.br +(Default = nodebug, abbreviation = [no]deb) +.IP "\fB[no]d2\fP" +Turn exhaustive debugging mode on. +Essentially all fields of every packet are printed. +.br +(Default = nod2) +.IP "\fBdomain=\fIname\fR" +Change the default domain name to \fIname\fP. +The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the +state of the \fBdefname\fP and \fBsearch\fP options. +The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has +at least two components in its name. +For example, if the default domain +is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU. +Use the \fBset srchlist\fP command to specify a different list. +Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list. +.br +(Default = value from hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN, +abbreviation = do) +.IP "\fBsrchlist=\fIname1/name2/...\fR" +Change the default domain name to \fIname1\fP and the domain search list +to \fIname1\fP, \fIname2\fP, etc. A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes (/) +can be specified. +For example, +.sp .5v + set\ srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU +.sp .5v +sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names. +This command overrides the +default domain name and search list of the \fBset domain\fP command. +Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list. +.br +(Default = value based on hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN, +abbreviation = srchl) +.IP "\fB[no]defname\fP" +If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request +(i.e., one that does not contain a period). +.br +(Default = defname, abbreviation = [no]def) +.IP "\fB[no]search\fP" +If the lookup request contains at least one period but doesn't end +with a trailing period, +append the domain names in the domain search list +to the request until an answer is received. +.br +(Default = search, abbreviation = [no]sea) +.IP "\fBport=\fIvalue\fR" +Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to \fIvalue\fP. +.br +(Default = 53, abbreviation = po) +.IP "\fBquerytype=\fIvalue\fR" +.ns +.IP "\fBtype=\fIvalue\fR" +.ns +Change the type of information query to one of: +.RS +.IP A 10 +the host's Internet address. +.IP CNAME 10 +the canonical name for an alias. +.IP HINFO 10 +the host CPU and operating system type. +.IP MINFO 10 +the mailbox or mail list information. +.IP MX 10 +the mail exchanger. +.IP NS 10 +the name server for the named zone. +.IP PTR 10 +the host name if the query is an Internet address, +otherwise the pointer to other information. +.IP SOA 10 +the domain's ``start-of-authority'' information. +.IP TXT 10 +the text information. +.IP UINFO 10 +the user information. +.IP WKS 10 +the supported well-known services. +.P +Other types (ANY, AXFR, MB, MD, MF, NULL) are described in the +RFC-1035 document. +.br +(Default = A, abbreviations = q, ty) +.RE +.IP "\fB[no]recurse\fP" +Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the +information. +.br +(Default = recurse, abbreviation = [no]rec) +.IP \fBretry=\fInumber\fR +Set the number of retries to \fInumber\fP. +When a reply to a request is not received within a certain +amount of time (changed with \fBset timeout\fP), +the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent. +The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up. +.br +(Default = 4, abbreviation = ret) +.IP \fBroot=\fIhost\fR +Change the name of the root server to \fIhost\fP. This +affects the \fBroot\fP command. +.br +(Default = ns.internic.net., abbreviation = ro) +.IP \fBtimeout=\fInumber\fR +Change the initial timeout interval +for waiting for a reply +to \fInumber\fP seconds. +Each retry doubles the timeout period. +.br +(Default = 5 seconds, abbreviation = ti) +.IP "\fB[no]vc\fP" +Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server. +.br +(Default = novc, abbreviation = [no]v) +.IP "\fB[no]ignoretc\fP" +Ignore packet truncation errors. +.br +(Default = noignoretc, abbreviation = [no]ig) +.RE +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed. +Possible errors are: +.IP "Timed out" 5 +The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of +time (changed with \fBset timeout=\fIvalue\fR) +and a certain number of retries (changed with \fBset retry=\fIvalue\fR). +.IP "No response from server" 5 +No name server is running on the server machine. +.IP "No records" 5 +The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the +host, although the host name is valid. +The query type is specified with the \fBset querytype\fP command. +.IP "Non-existent domain" 5 +The host or domain name does not exist. +.IP "Connection refused" 5 +.ns +.IP "Network is unreachable" 5 +The connection to the name or finger server could not be made +at the current time. +This error commonly occurs with \fBls\fP and \fBfinger\fP requests. +.IP "Server failure" 5 +The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database +and could not return a valid answer. +.IP "Refused" 5 +The name server refused to service the request. +.IP "Format error" 5 +The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format. +It may indicate an error in \fInslookup\fP. +.sp 1 +.SH FILES +.ta \w'/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX'u +/etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and + name server addresses. +.br +$HOME/.nslookuprc user's initial options. +.br +/usr/share/misc/nslookup.help summary of commands. +.SH ENVIRONMENT +.ta \w'HOSTALIASESXXXX'u +HOSTALIASES file containing host aliases. +.br +LOCALDOMAIN overrides default domain. +.SH SEE ALSO +resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), @INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), +.br +RFC-1034 ``Domain Names \- Concepts and Facilities'' +.br +RFC-1035 ``Domain Names \- Implementation and Specification'' +.SH AUTHOR +Andrew Cherenson diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/resolver.3 b/contrib/bind/man/resolver.3 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2d71c14b5cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/resolver.3 @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1995 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided +.\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and +.\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following +.\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the +.\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the +.\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in +.\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. +.\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may +.\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without +.\" specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" @(#)resolver.3 6.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90 +.\" $Id: resolver.3,v 8.4 1996/05/09 05:59:10 vixie Exp $ +.\" +.TH RESOLVER @LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@ "December 11, 1995 +.UC 4 +.SH NAME +res_query, res_search, res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand \- resolver routines +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B #include <sys/types.h> +.br +.B #include <netinet/in.h> +.br +.B #include <arpa/nameser.h> +.br +.B #include <resolv.h> +.PP +.B "res_query(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)" +.br +.B const char *dname; +.br +.B int class, type; +.br +.B u_char *answer; +.br +.B int anslen; +.PP +.B "res_search(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)" +.br +.B const char *dname; +.br +.B int class, type; +.br +.B u_char *answer; +.br +.B int anslen; +.PP +.B "res_mkquery(op, dname, class, type, data, datalen, newrr, buf, buflen)" +.br +.B int op; +.br +.B const char *dname; +.br +.B int class, type; +.br +.B const char *data; +.br +.B int datalen; +.br +.B struct rrec *newrr; +.br +.B u_char *buf; +.br +.B int buflen; +.PP +.B res_send(msg, msglen, answer, anslen) +.br +.B const u_char *msg; +.br +.B int msglen; +.br +.B u_char *answer; +.br +.B int anslen; +.PP +.B res_init() +.PP +.B dn_comp(exp_dn, comp_dn, length, dnptrs, lastdnptr) +.br +.B const char *exp_dn; +.br +.B u_char *comp_dn; +.br +.B int length; +.br +.B u_char **dnptrs, **lastdnptr; +.PP +.B dn_expand(msg, eomorig, comp_dn, exp_dn, length) +.br +.B const u_char *msg, *eomorig, *comp_dn; +.br +.B char *exp_dn; +.br +.B int length; +.PP +.B herror(const char *s) +.PP +.B hstrerror(int err) +.SH DESCRIPTION +These routines are used for making, sending and interpreting +query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers. +.PP +Global configuration and state information that is used by the +resolver routines is kept in the structure +.IR _res . +Most of the values have reasonable defaults and can be ignored. +Options +stored in +.I _res.options +are defined in +.I resolv.h +and are as follows. +Options are stored as a simple bit mask containing the bitwise ``or'' +of the options enabled. +.IP RES_INIT +True if the initial name server address and default domain name are +initialized (i.e., +.I res_init +has been called). +.IP RES_DEBUG +Print debugging messages. +.IP RES_AAONLY +Accept authoritative answers only. +With this option, +.I res_send +should continue until it finds an authoritative answer or finds an error. +Currently this is not implemented. +.IP RES_USEVC +Use TCP connections for queries instead of UDP datagrams. +.IP RES_STAYOPEN +Used with RES_USEVC to keep the TCP connection open between +queries. +This is useful only in programs that regularly do many queries. +UDP should be the normal mode used. +.IP RES_IGNTC +Unused currently (ignore truncation errors, i.e., don't retry with TCP). +.IP RES_RECURSE +Set the recursion-desired bit in queries. +This is the default. +(\c +.I res_send +does not do iterative queries and expects the name server +to handle recursion.) +.IP RES_DEFNAMES +If set, +.I res_search +will append the default domain name to single-component names +(those that do not contain a dot). +This option is enabled by default. +.IP RES_DNSRCH +If this option is set, +.I res_search +will search for host names in the current domain and in parent domains; see +.IR hostname (@DESC_EXT@). +This is used by the standard host lookup routine +.IR gethostbyname (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@). +This option is enabled by default. +.IP RES_NOALIASES +This option turns off the user level aliasing feature controlled by +the HOSTALIASES environment variable. Network daemons should set this option. +.PP +The +.I res_init +routine +reads the configuration file (if any; see +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@)) +to get the default domain name, +search list and +the Internet address of the local name server(s). +If no server is configured, the host running +the resolver is tried. +The current domain name is defined by the hostname +if not specified in the configuration file; +it can be overridden by the environment variable LOCALDOMAIN. +This environment variable may contain several blank-separated +tokens if you wish to override the +.I "search list" +on a per-process basis. This is similar to the +.I search +command in the configuration file. +Another environment variable (``RES_OPTIONS'') can be set to +override certain internal resolver options which are otherwise +set by changing fields in the +.I _res +structure or are inherited from the configuration file's +.I options +command. The syntax of the ``RES_OPTIONS'' environment variable +is explained in +.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@). +Initialization normally occurs on the first call +to one of the other resolver routines. +.PP +The +.I res_query +function provides an interface to the server query mechanism. +It constructs a query, sends it to the local server, +awaits a response, and makes preliminary checks on the reply. +The query requests information of the specified +.I type +and +.I class +for the specified fully-qualified domain name +.I dname . +The reply message is left in the +.I answer +buffer with length +.I anslen +supplied by the caller. +.PP +The +.I res_search +routine makes a query and awaits a response like +.IR res_query , +but in addition, it implements the default and search rules +controlled by the RES_DEFNAMES and RES_DNSRCH options. +It returns the first successful reply. +.PP +The remaining routines are lower-level routines used by +.IR res_query . +The +.I res_mkquery +function +constructs a standard query message and places it in +.IR buf . +It returns the size of the query, or \-1 if the query is +larger than +.IR buflen . +The query type +.I op +is usually QUERY, but can be any of the query types defined in +.IR <arpa/nameser.h> . +The domain name for the query is given by +.IR dname . +.I Newrr +is currently unused but is intended for making update messages. +.PP +The +.I res_send +routine +sends a pre-formatted query and returns an answer. +It will call +.I res_init +if RES_INIT is not set, send the query to the local name server, and +handle timeouts and retries. +The length of the reply message is returned, or +\-1 if there were errors. +.PP +The +.I dn_comp +function +compresses the domain name +.I exp_dn +and stores it in +.IR comp_dn . +The size of the compressed name is returned or \-1 if there were errors. +The size of the array pointed to by +.I comp_dn +is given by +.IR length . +The compression uses +an array of pointers +.I dnptrs +to previously-compressed names in the current message. +The first pointer points to +to the beginning of the message and the list ends with NULL. +The limit to the array is specified by +.IR lastdnptr . +A side effect of +.I dn_comp +is to update the list of pointers for +labels inserted into the message +as the name is compressed. +If +.I dnptr +is NULL, names are not compressed. +If +.I lastdnptr +is NULL, the list of labels is not updated. +.PP +The +.I dn_expand +entry +expands the compressed domain name +.I comp_dn +to a full domain name +The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message; +.I msg +is a pointer to the beginning of the message. +The uncompressed name is placed in the buffer indicated by +.I exp_dn +which is of size +.IR length . +The size of compressed name is returned or \-1 if there was an error. +.PP +The external variable +.B h_errno +is set whenever an error occurs during resolver operation. The following +definitions are given in +.BR <netdb.h> : +.PP +.nf +#define NETDB_INTERNAL -1 /* see errno */ +#define NETDB_SUCCESS 0 /* no problem */ +#define HOST_NOT_FOUND 1 /* Authoritative Answer Host not found */ +#define TRY_AGAIN 2 /* Non-Authoritive not found, or SERVFAIL */ +#define NO_RECOVERY 3 /* Nonrecoverable: FORMERR, REFUSED, NOTIMP */ +#define NO_DATA 4 /* Valid name, no data for requested type */ +.ft R +.ad +.fi +.PP +The +.B herror +function writes a message to the diagnostic output consisting of the string +parameter +.BR s , +the constant string ": ", and a message corresponding to the value of +.BR h_errno . +.PP +The +.B hstrerror +function returns a string which is the message text corresponding to the +value of the +.B err +parameter. +.SH FILES +/etc/resolv.conf see resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@) +.SH "SEE ALSO" +gethostbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), @INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@), +.br +RFC1032, RFC1033, RFC1034, RFC1035, RFC974, +.br +SMM:11 Name Server Operations Guide for BIND diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/resolver.5 b/contrib/bind/man/resolver.5 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..41fcf3cd9f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/resolver.5 @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted +.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are +.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, +.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such +.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed +.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the +.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived +.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +.\" +.\" @(#)resolver.5 5.9 (Berkeley) 12/14/89 +.\" $Id: resolver.5,v 8.3 1995/12/06 20:34:35 vixie Exp $ +.\" +.TH RESOLVER @FORMAT_EXT_U@ ""November 11, 1993"" +.UC 4 +.SH NAME +resolver \- resolver configuration file +.SH SYNOPSIS +/etc/resolv.conf +.SH DESCRIPTION +.LP +The +.I resolver +is a set of routines in the C library (\c +.IR resolv (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@)) +that provide access to the Internet Domain Name System. +The resolver configuration file contains information that is read +by the resolver routines the first time they are invoked by a process. +The file is designed to be human readable and contains a list of +keywords with values that provide various types of resolver information. +.LP +On a normally configured system this file should not be necessary. +The only name server to be queried will be on the local machine, +the domain name is determined from the host name, +and the domain search path is constructed from the domain name. +.LP +The different configuration options are: +.TP +\fBnameserver\fP +Internet address (in dot notation) of a name server +that the resolver should query. +Up to MAXNS (currently 3) name servers may be listed, +one per keyword. +If there are multiple servers, +the resolver library queries them in the order listed. +If no \fBnameserver\fP entries are present, +the default is to use the name server on the local machine. +(The algorithm used is to try a name server, and if the query times out, +try the next, until out of name servers, +then repeat trying all the name servers +until a maximum number of retries are made). +.TP +\fBdomain\fP +Local domain name. +Most queries for names within this domain can use short names +relative to the local domain. +If no \fBdomain\fP entry is present, the domain is determined +from the local host name returned by +\fIgethostname\fP\|(@BSD_SYSCALL_EXT@); +the domain part is taken to be everything after the first `.'. +Finally, if the host name does not contain a domain part, the root +domain is assumed. +.TP +\fBsearch\fP +Search list for host-name lookup. +The search list is normally determined from the local domain name; +by default, it contains only the local domain name. +This may be changed by listing the desired domain search path +following the \fIsearch\fP keyword with spaces or tabs separating +the names. +Most resolver queries will be attempted using each component +of the search path in turn until a match is found. +Note that this process may be slow and will generate a lot of network +traffic if the servers for the listed domains are not local, +and that queries will time out if no server is available +for one of the domains. +.IP +The search list is currently limited to six domains +with a total of 256 characters. +.TP +\fBsortlist\fP +Sortlist allows addresses returned by gethostbyname to be sorted. +A sortlist is specified by IP address netmask pairs. The netmask is +optional and defaults to the natural netmask of the net. The IP address +and optional network pairs are separated by slashes. Up to 10 pairs may +be specified. +.IP +e.g. sortlist 130.155.160.0/255.255.240.0 130.155.0.0 +.TP +\fBoptions\fP +Options allows certain internal resolver variables to be modified. +The syntax is +.IP +\fBoptions\fP \fIoption\fP \fI...\fP +.IP +where \fIoption\fP is one of the following: +.IP +\fBdebug\fP \(em sets RES_DEBUG in _res.options. +.IP +\fBndots:\fP\fIn\fP \(em sets a threshold for the number of dots which +must appear in a name given to \fBres_query\fP (see \fIresolver\fP(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@)) +before an \fIinitial absolute query\fP will be made. The default for +\fIn\fP is ``1'', meaning that if there are any dots in a name, the name +will be tried first as an absolute name before any \fIsearch list\fP +elements are appended to it. +.LP +The \fIdomain\fP and \fIsearch\fP keywords are mutually exclusive. +If more than one instance of these keywords is present, +the last instance wins. +.LP +The \fIsearch\fP keyword of a system's \fIresolv.conf\fP file can be +overridden on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable +``\s-1LOCALDOMAIN\s+1'' to a space-separated list of search domains. +.LP +The \fIoptions\fP keyword of a system's \fIresolv.conf\fP file can be +amended on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable +``\s-1RES_OPTIONS\s+1'' to a space-separated list of resolver options +as explained above under \fBoptions\fP. +.LP +The keyword and value must appear on a single line, and the keyword +(e.g. \fBnameserver\fP) must start the line. The value follows +the keyword, separated by white space. +.SH FILES +.I /etc/resolv.conf +.SH SEE ALSO +gethostbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), resolver(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@), @INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +.br +Name Server Operations Guide for BIND |