Latest public release of nvi, from Keith Bostic. I hope I got thisvendor/nvi/1.32

right ;).
Reviewed by:	Sean Eric Fagan

24 files changed, 56632 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3d30bc919644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+
+DIR=	usd/11.edit
+SRCS=	edittut.ms
+MACROS=	-msU
+
+paper.ps: ${SRCS}
+	${TBL} ${SRCS} | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET}
+
+# index for versatec is different from the one in edit.tut
+# because the fonts are different and entries reference page
+# rather than section numbers.  if you have a typesetter
+# you should just use the index in edit.tut, and ignore editvindex.
+
+editvindex:
+	${TROFF} ${MACROS} -n22 edit.vindex
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edit.vindex b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edit.vindex
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2098f14ea190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edit.vindex
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)edit.vindex	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.bd I
+.ND
+.TL
+Index
+.sp 3
+.2C
+.nf
+addressing, \fIsee\fR line numbers
+append mode, 4
+backslash (\\), 18
+buffer, 2
+command mode, 4
+context search, 8, 10, 13, 18
+control characters (``^'' notation), 8
+control-d, 6
+current filename, 19, 20
+current line (.), 9, 15
+diagnostic messages, 4
+disk, 2
+documentation, 21
+edit (to begin editing session), 3, 7
+editing commands:
+.in +2
+append (a), 4, 7
+change (c), 16
+copy (co), 13
+delete (d), 13-14
+edit (e), 12
+file (f), 19
+global (g), 18-19
+move (m), 12-13
+number (nu), 9
+preserve (pre), 20-21
+print (p), 8
+quit (q), 5, 11
+quit! (q!), 11
+read (r), 20
+recover (rec), 20
+substitute (s), 9-10, 17, 18
+undo (u), 14, 17
+write (w), 5-6, 11, 19-20
+z, 11
+.sp 10i
+! (shell escape), 19
+$= , 15
++, 15
+\-, 15
+//, 8, 18
+??, 18
+\&\fB.\fR, 9, 15
+\&\fB.\fR=, 9, 15
+.in -2
+erasing
+.ti +2
+characters (#), 8
+.ti +2
+lines (@), 8
+ex (text editor), 21
+\fIEx Reference Manual\fR, 21
+file, 1
+file recovery, 20
+filename, 2
+Interrupt (message), 7
+line numbers, \fIsee also\fR current line
+.ti +2
+dollar sign ($), 8, 12-13, 15
+.ti +2
+dot (.), 9, 15
+.ti +2
+relative (+ and \-), 15, 16
+logging out, 6
+login procedure, 2
+``magic'' characters, 21
+non-printing characters, 8
+``not found'' (message), 3
+program, 1
+recovery \fIsee\fR file recovery
+shell, 18
+shell escape (!), 19
+special characters (^, $, \e), 18
+text input mode, 4
+UNIX, 1
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edittut.ms b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edittut.ms
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5f4c28cb6d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/edit/edittut.ms
@@ -0,0 +1,2322 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)edittut.ms	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.EH 'USD:11-%''Edit:  A Tutorial'
+.OH 'Edit:  A Tutorial''USD:11-%'
+.LP
+.ds u \s-2UNIX\s0
+.ll 5i
+.nr LL 5i
+.ND
+.sp 4
+.ce
+\f3\s+2Edit:  A Tutorial\s0\f1
+.sp
+.ce 3
+.I
+Ricki Blau
+.sp
+James Joyce
+.R
+.sp
+.ce 3
+Computing Services
+University of California
+Berkeley, California 94720
+.sp 3
+.ce
+.I
+ABSTRACT
+.R
+.sp
+.LP
+This narrative introduction to the use of the text editor
+.I edit
+assumes no prior familiarity with computers or with text editing.
+Its aim is to lead the beginning \s-2UNIX\(dg\s+2 user through the
+.FS
+\(dgUNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
+.FE
+fundamental steps of writing and revising a file of text.
+Edit,
+a version of the text editor
+.I ex,
+was designed to provide an informative environment
+for new and casual users.
+.PP
+We welcome comments and suggestions about this tutorial
+and the \s-2UNIX\s+2 documentation in general.
+.sp .5v
+September 1981
+.bp
+.ll 6.5i
+.nr LL 6.5i
+.nr LT 6.5i
+.ds u \s-2UNIX\s0
+.ce
+\s+2\f3Contents\f1\s0
+.LP
+.nf
+Introduction\ \ \ 3
+.sp
+Session 1\ \ \4
+.in +.5i
+Making contact with \s-2UNIX\s+2\ \ \ 4
+Logging in\ \ \4
+Asking for \fIedit\fR\ \ \ 4
+The ``Command not found'' message\ \ \ 5
+A summary\ \ \5
+Entering text\ \ \ 5
+Messages from \fIedit\fR\ \ \ 5
+Text input mode\ \ \ 6
+Making corrections\ \ \ 6
+Writing text to disk\ \ \ 7
+Signing off\ \ \7
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+Session 2\ \ \ 8
+.in +.5i
+Adding more text to the file\ \ \ 8
+Interrupt\ \ \ 8
+Making corrections\ \ \ 8
+Listing what's in the buffer (p)\ \ \ 9
+Finding things in the buffer\ \ \ 9
+The current line\ \ \ 10
+Numbering lines (nu)\ \ \ 10
+Substitute command (s)\ \ \ 10
+Another way to list what's in the buffer (z)\ \ \ 11
+Saving the modified text\ \ \ 12
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+Session 3\ \ \ 13
+.in +.5i
+Bringing text into the buffer (e)\ \ \ 13
+Moving text in the buffer (m)\ \ \ 13
+Copying lines (copy)\ \ \ 14
+Deleting lines (d)\ \ \ 14
+A word or two of caution\ \ \ 15
+Undo (u) to the rescue\ \ \ 15
+More about the dot (.) and buffer end ($)\ \ \ 16
+Moving around in the buffer (+ and \-)\ \ \ 16
+Changing lines (c)\ \ \ 17
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+Session 4\ \ \ 18
+.in +.5i
+Making commands global (g)\ \ \ 18
+More about searching and substituting\ \ \ 19
+Special characters\ \ \ 19
+Issuing \s-2UNIX\s+2 commands from the editor\ \ \ 20
+Filenames and file manipulation\ \ \ 20
+The file (f) command\ \ \ 20
+Reading additional files (r)\ \ \ 21
+Writing parts of the buffer\ \ \ 21
+Recovering files\ \ \ 21
+Other recovery techniques\ \ \ 21
+Further reading and other information\ \ \ 22
+Using \fIex\fR\ \ \ 22
+.in -.5i
+.sp
+Index\ \ \ 23
+.bp
+.SH
+.ce
+\s+2Introduction\s0
+.PP
+Text editing using a terminal connected to a computer
+allows you to create, modify, and print text
+easily.
+A
+.I
+text editor
+.R
+is a program
+that assists you
+as you create and modify text.
+The text editor you will learn here is named
+.I edit.
+Creating text using edit is as easy as typing it
+on an electric typewriter.
+Modifying text involves telling the text editor 
+what you want to add, change, or delete.
+You can review your text
+by typing a command
+to print the file contents
+as they are currently.
+Another program (which we do not discuss in this
+document), a text formatter,
+rearranges your text
+for you into ``finished form.''
+.PP
+These lessons assume no prior familiarity with computers
+or with text editing.
+They consist of a series of text editing sessions
+which lead you through the fundamental steps
+of creating and revising text.
+After scanning each lesson and before beginning the next,
+you should try the examples at a terminal to get a feeling
+for the actual process of text editing.
+If you set aside some time for experimentation,
+you will soon become familiar with using the
+computer to write and modify text.
+In addition to the actual use of the text editor,
+other features of \s-2UNIX\s0 will be very important to your work.
+You can begin to
+learn about these other features by
+reading one of the other tutorials
+that provide a general introduction to the system.
+You will be ready to proceed with this lesson as soon as
+you are familiar with (1) your terminal and its special keys,
+(2) how to login,
+(3) and the ways of correcting typing errors.
+Let's first define some terms:
+.sp .5
+.IP program 12
+A set of instructions, given to the computer,
+describing the sequence of steps the computer performs
+in order to accomplish a specific task.
+The task must be specific,
+such as balancing your checkbook
+or editing your text.
+A general task,
+such as working for world peace,
+is something we can all do,
+but not something we can currently write programs to do.
+.IP UNIX
+\s-2UNIX\s0 is a special type of program,
+called an operating system, that supervises the machinery
+and all other programs comprising the total
+computer system.
+.IP edit
+.I edit
+is the name of the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor you will be learning to use,
+and is a program that aids you in writing or revising text.
+Edit was designed for beginning users,
+and is a simplified version of an editor named
+.I ex.
+.IP file
+Each \s-2UNIX\s0 account is allotted
+space for the permanent storage of information,
+such as programs, data or text.
+A file is a logical unit of data,
+for example, an essay, a program,
+or a chapter from a book,
+which is stored on a computer system.
+Once you create a file,
+it is kept until you instruct the system to remove it.
+You may create a file during one \s-2UNIX\s0 session,
+end the session,
+and return to use it at a later time.
+Files contain anything you choose to write and store in them.
+The sizes of files vary to suit your needs;
+one file might hold only a single number,
+yet another might contain
+a very long document or program.
+The only way to save
+information from one session to the next is to store it in a file,
+which you will learn in Session 1.
+.IP filename
+Filenames are used to distinguish one file from another,
+serving the same purpose as the labels of manila
+folders in a file cabinet.
+In order to write or access information in a file,
+you use the name of that file in a \s-2UNIX\s0 command,
+and the system will automatically locate the file.
+.IP disk
+Files are stored on an input/output device called a disk,
+which looks something like a stack of phonograph records.
+Each surface is coated with a material similar to that
+on magnetic recording tape,
+and information is recorded on it.
+.IP buffer
+A temporary work space, made available to the user
+for the duration of a session of text editing
+and used for creating and modifying
+the text file.
+We can think of the buffer as a blackboard that is
+erased after each class, where each session with the editor
+is a class.
+.bp
+.SH
+.ce 1
+\s+2Session 1\s0
+.sp 1
+.SH
+Making contact with \s-1UNIX\s0
+.PP
+To use the editor you must first make contact with the computer
+by logging in to \s-2UNIX\s0.
+We'll quickly review the standard \s-2UNIX\s0 login procedure
+for the two ways you can make contact:
+on a terminal that is directly linked to the computer,
+or over a telephone line where the computer answers your call.
+.SH
+Directly-linked terminals
+.PP
+Turn on your terminal and press the \s-1RETURN\s0 key.
+You are now ready to login.
+.SH
+Dial-up terminals
+.PP
+If your terminal connects with the computer over a telephone line,
+turn on the terminal, dial the system access number,
+and, when you hear a high-pitched tone, place the 
+telephone handset in the acoustic coupler, if you are using one.
+You are now ready to login.
+.SH
+Logging in
+.PP
+The message inviting you to login is:
+.DS I 1i
+login:
+.DE
+.LP
+Type your login name, which identifies you to \s-2UNIX\s0,
+on the same line as the login message,
+and press \s-2RETURN\s+2.
+If the terminal you are using
+has both upper and lower case,
+.B
+be sure you enter your login name in lower case;
+.R
+otherwise \s-2UNIX\s0 assumes your terminal
+has only upper case and will not recognize lower case
+letters you may type.
+\s-2UNIX\s0 types ``login:'' and you reply
+with your login name, for example ``susan'':
+.DS I 1i
+login: \fBsusan\fR \fI(and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key)\fR
+.DE
+(In the examples, input you would type appears in
+.B "bold face"
+to distinguish it from the responses from \s-2UNIX\s0.)
+.PP
+\s-2UNIX\s0 will next respond with a request for a password
+as an additional precaution to prevent
+unauthorized people from using your account.
+The password will not appear when you type it,
+to prevent others from seeing it.
+The message is:
+.DS I 1i
+Password:    \fI(type your password and press \s-2RETURN\s+2)\fR
+.DE
+If any of the information you gave during the login
+sequence was mistyped or incorrect,
+\s-2UNIX\s0 will respond with
+.DS I 1i
+Login incorrect.
+.if t .sp .2v
+.if n .sp 1
+login:
+.DE
+in which case you should start the login process anew.
+Assuming that you have successfully
+logged in, \s-2UNIX\s0
+will print the message of the day and eventually will present
+you with a % at the beginning of a fresh line.
+The % is the \s-2UNIX\s0 prompt symbol
+which tells you that \s-2UNIX\s0 is ready to accept a command.
+.bd I 3
+.SH
+Asking for \fIedit\fP
+.fl
+.bd I
+.PP
+You are ready to tell \s-2UNIX\s0 that you
+want to work with edit, the text editor.
+Now is a convenient time to choose
+a name for the file of text you are about to create.
+To begin your editing session,
+type
+.B edit
+followed by a space and then the filename
+you have selected; for example, ``text''.
+After that,
+press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key and wait for edit's response:
+.DS I 1i
+% \fBedit text\fP    \fI(followed by a \s-2RETURN\s+2)\fR
+"text" No such file or directory
+:
+.DE
+If you typed the command correctly,
+you will now be in communication with edit.
+Edit has set aside a buffer for use as
+a temporary working space during your current editing session.
+Since ``text'' is a new file we are about to create
+the editor was unable to find that file, which it
+confirms by saying:
+.DS I 1i
+"text" No such file or directory
+.DE
+On the next line appears edit's prompt ``:'',
+announcing that you are in \f2command mode\f1 and
+edit expects a command from you.
+You may now begin to create the new file.
+.SH
+The ``Command not found'' message
+.PP
+If you misspelled edit by typing, say, ``editor'',
+this might appear:
+.DS I 1i
+% \fBeditor\fP
+editor: Command not found
+%
+.DE
+Your mistake in calling edit ``editor'' was
+treated by \s-2UNIX\s0 as a request
+for a program named ``editor''.
+Since there is no program
+named ``editor'',
+\s-2UNIX\s0 reported that the program was ``not found''.
+A new % indicates that \s-2UNIX\s0 is ready for another command,
+and you may then enter the correct command.
+.SH
+A summary
+.PP
+Your exchange with \s-2UNIX\s0 as you logged in and made contact with edit
+should look something like this:
+.DS I 1i
+login: \fBsusan\fP
+Password:
+\&... A Message of General Interest ...
+% \fBedit text\fP
+"text" No such file or directory
+:
+.DE
+.SH
+Entering text
+.PP
+You may now begin entering text into the buffer.
+This is done by \fIappending\fP (or adding) text to whatever
+is currently in the buffer.
+Since there is nothing in the buffer at the moment,
+you are appending text to nothing;
+in effect, 
+since you are adding text to nothing
+you are creating text.
+Most edit commands have two equivalent forms:
+a word that suggests what the command does,
+and a shorter abbreviation of that word.
+Many beginners find the full command names
+easier to remember at first,
+but once you are familiar with editing you may
+prefer to type the shorter abbreviations.
+The command to input text is ``append''.
+(It may be abbreviated ``a''.)
+Type
+.B append
+and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
+.DS I 1i
+% \fBedit text
+\fR:\|\fBappend
+.R
+.DE
+.SH
+.bd I 3
+Messages from
+.I edit
+.fl
+.bd I
+.PP
+If you make a mistake in entering a command and
+type something that edit does not recognize,
+edit will respond with a message
+intended to help you diagnose your error.
+For example, if you misspell the command to input text by typing,
+perhaps, ``add'' instead of ``append'' or ``a'',
+you will receive this message:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBadd\fR
+add: Not an editor command
+:
+.DE
+When you receive a diagnostic message,
+check what you typed in order to determine what
+part of your command confused edit.
+The message above means that edit
+was unable to recognize your mistyped command
+and, therefore, did not execute it.
+Instead, a new ``:''
+appeared to let you know that
+edit is again ready to execute a command.
+.SH
+Text input mode
+.PP
+By giving the command ``append'' (or using the abbreviation ``a''),
+you entered
+.I
+text input mode,
+.R
+also known as
+.I
+append mode.
+.R
+When you enter text input mode,
+edit stops sending you a prompt.
+You will not receive any prompts
+or error messages
+while in text input mode.
+You can enter
+pretty much anything you want on the lines.
+The lines are transmitted one by one to the buffer
+and held there during the editing session.
+You may append as much text as you want, and
+.I
+when you wish to stop entering text lines you should
+type a period as the only character on the line
+and press the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
+.R
+When you type the period and press \s-2RETURN\s0,
+you signal that you want to stop appending text,
+and edit responds by allowing
+you to exit text input mode and reenter command mode.
+Edit will again
+prompt you for a command by printing ``:''.
+.PP
+Leaving append mode does not destroy the text in
+the buffer.
+You have to leave append
+mode to do any of the other kinds of editing,
+such as changing, adding, or printing text.
+If you type a period as the first character and
+type any other character on the same line,
+edit will believe you want to remain in append mode
+and will not let you out.
+As this can be very frustrating, 
+be sure to type
+.B only
+the period and the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
+.PP
+This is a good place to learn an important
+lesson about computers and text:  a blank space is
+a character as far as a computer is concerned.  
+If you so much as type a period followed by a blank
+(that is, type a period and then the space bar on the keyboard),
+you will remain in append mode with the last line of text
+being:
+.DS I 1i
+.B
+.ps +2
+\&.
+.ps -2
+.R
+.DE
+Let's say that you enter the lines 
+(try to type
+.B exactly
+what you see, including ``thiss''):
+.DS I 1i
+.B
+This is some sample text.
+And thiss is some more text.
+Text editing is strange, but nice.
+\&.
+.R
+.DE
+The last line is the period followed by a \s-2RETURN\s0
+that gets you out of append mode.  
+.SH
+Making corrections
+.PP
+If you have read a general introduction to \s-2UNIX\s0,
+you will recall that it is possible to erase individual
+letters that you have typed.
+This is done by typing the designated erase character
+as many times as there are characters
+you want to erase.
+.PP
+The usual erase character varies from place to place and 
+user to user.  Often it
+is the backspace (control-H),
+so you can correct typing errors
+in the line you are typing
+by holding down the \s-1CTRL\s+1 key
+and typing the ``H'' key.  (Sometimes it is the DEL key.)
+If you type the erase character
+you will notice
+that the terminal backspaces in the line you are on.
+You can backspace over your error,
+and then type what you want to be the rest of the line.
+.PP
+If you make a bad start
+in a line
+and would like to begin again,
+you can either backspace to the beginning of the line
+or you can use the at-sign ``@'' to erase everything on the line:
+.DS I 1i
+.B
+Text edtiing is strange, but@
+Text editing is strange, but nice.
+.R
+.fl
+.bd S
+.DE
+When you type the at-sign (@), you erase
+the entire line typed so far
+and are given a fresh line to type on.
+You may immediately begin to retype the line.
+This, unfortunately, does not work after you type the
+line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2.  
+To make corrections in lines that have been completed,
+it is necessary to use the editing commands
+covered in the next sessions.
+.SH
+Writing text to disk
+.PP
+You are now ready to edit the text.  One common operation
+is to write the text to disk as a file for safekeeping
+after the session is over.
+This is the only way to save information from one session to the next,
+since the editor's buffer is temporary and will last only until the
+end of the editing session.
+Learning how to write a file to disk is second in
+importance only to entering the text.
+To write the contents of the buffer to a disk
+file, use the command ``write''
+(or its abbreviation ``w''):
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBwrite
+.R
+.DE
+Edit will copy the contents of the buffer to a disk file.
+If the file does not yet exist,
+a new file will be created automatically
+and the presence of a ``[New file]'' will be noted.
+The newly-created file will be given the name specified when
+you entered the editor, in this case ``text''.
+To confirm that the disk file has been successfully written,
+edit will repeat the filename and give
+the number of lines and the total
+number of characters in the file.
+The buffer remains unchanged by the ``write'' command.
+All of the lines that were written to disk will still be
+in the buffer,
+should you want to modify or add to them.
+.PP
+Edit must have a name for the file to be written.
+If you forgot to indicate the name of the file
+when you began to edit,
+edit will print in response to your write command:
+.DS I 1i
+No current filename
+.DE
+If this happens, you can specify the filename in a new write command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBwrite text
+.R
+.DE
+After the ``write'' (or ``w''), type a space and then the name of the file.
+.SH
+Signing off
+.PP
+We have done enough for this first lesson on using the
+\s-2UNIX\s0 text editor, and are ready to quit the session with edit.
+To do this we type ``quit'' (or ``q'') and press \s-2RETURN\s+2:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBwrite
+.R
+"text" [New file]  3 lines, 90 characters
+:\|\fBquit\fR
+%
+.DE
+The % is from \s-2UNIX\s0 to tell you that your session with edit is
+over and you may command \s-2UNIX\s0 further.
+Since we want
+to end the entire session at the terminal, we also need to
+exit from \s-2UNIX\s0.
+In response to the \s-2UNIX\s0 prompt of ``\|%\|''
+type the command
+.DS I 1i
+%\|\fBlogout\fR
+.DE
+This will end your session with \s-2UNIX\s0, and will ready the
+terminal for the next user.
+It is always important to type \fBlogout\fR at the end of a session
+to make absolutely sure no one
+could accidentally stumble into your abandoned 
+session and thus gain access to your files,
+tempting even the most honest of souls.
+.sp 1
+.PP
+This is the end of the first session on \s-2UNIX\s0 text editing.
+.bp
+.TL
+Session 2
+.sp
+.PP
+Login with \s-2UNIX\s0 as in the first session:
+.DS I 1i
+login: \fBsusan\fP  \fI(carriage return)\fR
+Password:       \fI(give password and carriage return)\fR
+.if t .sp .2v
+.if n .sp 1
+\&... A Message of General Interest ...
+% 
+.DE
+When you indicate you want to edit,
+you can specify the name of the file you worked on last time.
+This will
+start edit working, and it will fetch the contents of the
+file into the buffer, so that you can resume editing the same file.
+When edit has copied the file into the buffer, it
+will repeat its name and tell
+you the number of lines and characters it contains.
+Thus,
+.DS I 1i
+.B
+% edit text
+.R
+"text" 3 lines, 90 characters
+:
+.DE
+means you asked edit to fetch
+the file named ``text'' for editing,
+causing it to copy the
+90 characters of text into the buffer.
+Edit awaits
+your further instructions,
+and indicates this by its prompt character, the colon (:).
+In this session, we will append more text to our file,
+print the contents of the buffer, and learn to change the text of a line.
+.SH
+Adding more text to the file
+.PP
+If you want to add more to the end of your
+text you may do so by using the append command to enter text input mode.
+When ``append'' is the first command
+of your editing session,
+the lines you enter
+are placed at the end of the buffer.
+Here we'll use the abbreviation for the append command, ``a'':
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBa
+This is text added in Session 2.
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+it does illustrate the editor.
+\|\fB\s+2\&.\s-2
+.R
+.DE
+You may recall that once you enter append mode
+using the ``a'' (or ``append'') command,
+you need to type a line containing only a period (.)
+to exit append mode.
+.SH
+Interrupt
+.PP
+Should you press the \s-2RUB\s+2 key (sometimes labelled \s-2DELETE\s+2)
+while working with edit,
+it will send this message to you:
+.DS I 1i
+Interrupt
+:
+.DE
+Any command that edit might be executing
+is terminated by rub or delete,
+causing edit to prompt you for a new command.
+If you are appending text at the time,
+you will exit from append mode
+and be expected to give another command.
+The line of text you were typing
+when the append command was interrupted
+will not be entered into the buffer.
+.SH
+Making corrections
+.PP
+If while typing the line you hit an incorrect key,
+recall that
+you may delete the incorrect character
+or cancel the entire line of input by erasing in the usual way.
+Refer either
+to the last few pages of Session 1
+if you need to review
+the procedures for making a correction.
+The most important idea to remember is that
+erasing a character or cancelling a line must be done
+before you press the \s-2RETURN\s+2 key.
+.SH
+Listing what's in the buffer (p)
+.PP
+Having appended text to what you wrote in Session 1,
+you might want to see all the lines in the buffer.
+To print the contents of the buffer, type the command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB1,$p
+.R
+.DE
+The ``1''\(dg
+.FS
+\(dgThe numeral ``one'' is the top left-most key,
+and should not be confused with the letter ``el''.
+.FE
+stands for line 1 of the buffer,
+the ``$'' is a special symbol designating the last line
+of the buffer,
+and ``p'' (or \fBprint\fR) is the command to print from line 1
+to the end of the buffer.
+The command ``1,$p'' gives you:
+.DS I 1i
+This is some sample text.
+And thiss is some more text.
+Text editing is strange, but nice.
+This is text added in Session 2.
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+it does illustrate the editor.
+.DE
+Occasionally, you may accidentally
+type a character that can't be printed,
+which can be done by striking a key
+while the \s-2CTRL\s0 key is pressed.
+In printing lines, edit uses a special notation to
+show the existence of non-printing characters.
+Suppose you had introduced the non-printing character ``control-A''
+into the word ``illustrate''
+by accidently pressing the \s-2CTRL\s0 key while
+typing ``a''.
+This can happen on many terminals
+because the \s-2CTRL\s+2 key and the ``A'' key
+are beside each other.
+If your finger presses between the two keys,
+control-A results.
+When asked to print the contents of the buffer,
+edit would display
+.DS I 1i
+it does illustr^Ate the editor.
+.DE
+To represent the control-A, edit shows ``^A''.
+The sequence ``^'' followed by a capital
+letter stands for the one character
+entered by holding down the \s-2CTRL\s0 key and typing the letter
+which appears after the ``^''.
+We'll soon discuss the commands that can be used
+to correct this typing error.
+.PP
+In looking over the text we see that
+``this'' is typed as ``thiss'' in the second line,
+a deliberate error so we can learn to make corrections.
+Let's correct the spelling.
+.SH
+Finding things in the buffer
+.PP
+In order to change something in the buffer we first need to
+find it.
+We can find ``thiss'' in the text we have
+entered by looking at a listing
+of the lines.
+Physically speaking, we search the lines
+of text looking for ``thiss'' and stop searching when
+we have found it.
+The way to tell edit to search for something
+is to type it inside slash marks:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/thiss/
+.R
+.DE
+By typing
+.B /thiss/
+and pressing \s-1RETURN\s0,
+you instruct edit to search for ``thiss''.
+If you ask edit to look for a pattern of characters
+which it cannot find in the buffer,
+it will respond ``Pattern not found''.
+When edit finds
+the characters ``thiss'', it will print the line of text
+for your inspection:
+.DS I 1i
+And thiss is some more text.
+.DE
+Edit is now positioned in the buffer at the
+line it just printed,
+ready to make a change in the line.
+.bp
+.SH
+The current line
+.PP
+Edit keeps track of the line in the buffer where it is located
+at all times during an editing session.
+In general, the line that has been most recently
+printed, entered, or changed
+is the current location in the buffer.
+The editor is prepared to make changes
+at the current location in the buffer,
+unless you direct it to another location.
+.PP
+In particular,
+when you bring a file into the buffer,
+you will be located at the last line in the file,
+where the editor left off copying the lines
+from the file to the buffer.
+If your first editing command is ``append'',
+the lines you enter are added
+to the end of the file,
+after the current line \(em
+the last line in the file.
+.PP
+You can refer to your current location in the buffer by the
+symbol
+period (.) usually known by the name ``dot''.
+If you type ``.'' and carriage
+return you will be instructing edit to print the current line:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB\s+2\&.\s-2
+.R
+And thiss is some more text.
+.DE
+.PP
+If you want to know the number of the current line,
+you can type
+.B \&.=
+and press \s-2RETURN\s+2,
+and edit will respond with the line number:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB\s+2.\s-2=
+.R
+2
+.DE
+If you type the number of any line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2,
+edit will position you at that line and
+print its contents:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB2
+.R
+And thiss is some more text.
+.DE
+You should experiment with these commands
+to gain experience in using them to make changes.
+.SH
+Numbering lines (nu)
+.PP
+The
+.B
+number (nu)
+.R
+command is similar to print,
+giving both the number and the text of each printed line.
+To see the number and the text of the current line type
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBnu
+.R
+\0\0\0\0\02\0\0And thiss is some more text.
+.DE
+Note that the shortest abbreviation for the number command is
+``nu'' (and not ``n'', which is used for a different command).
+You may specify a range of lines
+to be listed by the number command in the same way that lines
+are specified for print.
+For example, \f31,$nu\f1 lists all lines in the buffer with their
+corresponding line numbers.
+.SH
+Substitute command (s)
+.PP
+Now that you have found the misspelled word, 
+you can change it from ``thiss'' to ``this''.
+As far as edit is concerned,
+changing things is a matter of
+substituting one thing for another.
+As
+.I a
+stood for
+.I append,
+so
+.I s
+stands for
+.I substitute.
+We will use the abbreviation ``s'' to reduce the chance
+of mistyping the substitute command.
+This command will instruct edit to make the change:
+.DS I 1i
+\f32s/thiss/this/\f1
+.DE
+We first indicate the line to be changed, line 2,
+and then
+type an ``s'' to indicate we want
+edit to make a substitution.
+Inside the first set of slashes
+are the characters that we want to change,
+followed by the characters to replace them,
+and then a closing slash mark.
+To summarize:
+.DS I 1i
+2s/ \fIwhat is to be changed\fR / \fIwhat to change it to \fR/
+.DE
+If edit finds an exact match of the characters to be
+changed it will make the change
+.B only
+in the first occurrence of the characters.
+If it does not find the characters
+to be changed, it will respond:
+.DS I 1i
+Substitute pattern match failed
+.DE
+indicating that your instructions could not be carried out.
+When edit does find the characters that you want to change,
+it will make the substitution and automatically print
+the changed line, so that you can check that the correct substitution
+was made.
+In the example,
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB2s/thiss/this/
+.R
+And this is some more text.
+.DE
+line 2 (and line 2 only) will be searched for the characters
+``thiss'', and when the first exact match is found, ``thiss''
+will be changed to ``this''.
+Strictly speaking, it was not necessary above to
+specify  the number of the line to be changed.
+In
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBs/thiss/this/
+.R
+.DE
+edit will assume that we mean to change
+the line where we are currently located (``.'').
+In this case,
+the command without a line number would have produced the same result
+because we were already located
+at the line we wished to change.
+.PP
+For another illustration of the substitute command,
+let us choose the line:
+.DS I 1i
+Text editing is strange, but nice.
+.DE
+You can make this line a bit more positive
+by taking out the characters ``strange, but\ '' so the line 
+reads:
+.DS I 1i
+Text editing is nice.
+.DE
+A command that will first position edit at the desired line
+and then make the substitution is:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/strange/s/strange, but //
+.R
+.DE
+.LP
+What we have done here is combine our search with
+our substitution.
+Such combinations are perfectly legal,
+and speed up editing quite a bit
+once you get used to them.
+That is, you do not necessarily have to use
+line numbers to identify a line to edit.
+Instead, you may identify the line you want to change
+by asking edit to search for a specified pattern of letters
+that occurs in that line.
+The parts of the above command are:
+.TS
+.in +1i
+.nr 35 \n(.u
+.nf
+.ds #d .d
+.if \(ts\n(.z\(ts\(ts .ds #d nl
+.nr 80 0
+.nr 38 \w\f3/strange/\fP
+.if \n(80<\n(38 .nr 80 \n(38
+.nr 38 \w\f3s\fP
+.if \n(80<\n(38 .nr 80 \n(38
+.nr 38 \w\f3/strange, but //\fP
+.if \n(80<\n(38 .nr 80 \n(38
+.nr 81 0
+.nr 38 \wtells edit to find the characters ``strange'' in the text
+.if \n(81<\n(38 .nr 81 \n(38
+.nr 38 \wtells edit to make a substitution
+.if \n(81<\n(38 .nr 81 \n(38
+.nr 38 \wsubstitutes nothing at all for the characters ``strange, but ''
+.if \n(81<\n(38 .nr 81 \n(38
+.nr 38 1n
+.nr 79 0
+.nr 40 \n(79+(0*\n(38)
+.nr 80 +\n(40
+.nr 41 \n(80+(3*\n(38)
+.nr 81 +\n(41
+.nr TW \n(81
+.if t .if (\n(TW+\n(.o)>7.75i .tm Table at line 307 file ed2.tbl is too wide - \n(TW units
+.fc  
+.nr #T 0
+.eo
+.de T#
+.ds #d .d
+.if \(ts\n(.z\(ts\(ts .ds #d nl
+.mk ##
+.nr ## -1v
+..
+.ec
+.ta \n(80u \n(81u 
+\&\h'|\n(40u'\f3/strange/\fP\h'|\n(41u'tells edit to find the characters ``strange'' in the text
+.ta \n(80u \n(81u 
+\&\h'|\n(40u'\f3s\fP\h'|\n(41u'tells edit to make a substitution
+.ta \n(80u \n(81u 
+\&\h'|\n(40u'\f3/strange, but //\fP\h'|\n(41u'substitutes nothing at all for the characters ``strange, but ''
+.fc
+.nr T. 1
+.T# 1
+.if \n(35>0 .fi
+.in -1i
+.TE
+.PP
+You should note the space after ``but'' in ``/strange, but /''. 
+If you do not indicate that the space is to be taken out,
+your line will read:
+.DS I 1i
+.if t Text editing is   nice.
+.if n Text editing is  nice.
+.DE
+which looks a little funny   
+because of the extra space between ``is'' and ``nice''.
+Again, we realize from this that a blank space
+is a real character to a computer, and in editing text
+we need to be aware of spaces
+within a line just as we would be aware of an ``a'' or 
+a ``4''.
+.SH
+Another way to list what's in the buffer (z)
+.PP
+Although the print command is useful for looking at specific lines
+in the buffer,
+other commands may be more convenient for
+viewing large sections of text.
+You can ask to see a screen full of text at a time
+by using the command
+.B z.
+If you type
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB1z
+.R
+.DE
+edit will start with line 1 and continue printing lines,
+stopping either when the screen of
+your terminal is full
+or when the last line in the buffer has been printed.
+If you want to read the next segment of text, type the command
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBz
+.DE
+If no starting line number is given for the z command,
+printing will start at the ``current'' line, in this case the
+last line printed.
+Viewing lines in the buffer one screen full at a time
+is known as \fIpaging\fR.
+Paging can also be used to print
+a section of text on a hard-copy terminal.
+.SH
+Saving the modified text
+.PP
+This seems to be a good place to pause in our work,
+and so we should end the second session.
+If you (in haste) type ``q'' to quit the session
+your dialogue with edit will be:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBq
+.R
+No write since last change (:quit! overrides)
+:
+.DE
+This is edit's warning that you have not written
+the modified contents of the buffer to disk.
+You run the risk of losing the work you did
+during the editing session since you typed the latest write
+command.
+Because in this lesson we have not written
+to disk at all, everything we have done
+would have been lost
+if edit had obeyed the \fBq\fR command.
+If you did not want to save the work done during
+this editing session, you would have to type ``q!''
+or (``quit!'')
+to confirm that you indeed wanted to end the session
+immediately,
+leaving the file as it was
+after the most recent ``write'' command.
+However,
+since you want to save what
+you have edited, you need to type:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBw
+.R
+"text" 6 lines, 171 characters
+.DE
+and then follow with the commands to quit and logout:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBq
+% \fBlogout\fR
+.DE
+and hang up the phone or turn off the terminal when
+\s-2UNIX\s0 asks for a name.
+Terminals connected to the port selector
+will stop after the logout command,
+and pressing keys on the keyboard will do nothing.
+.sp 1
+.PP
+This is the end of the second session on \s-2UNIX\s0 text editing.
+.bp
+.TL
+Session 3
+.SH
+Bringing text into the buffer (e)
+.PP
+Login to \s-2UNIX\s0 and make contact with edit.  
+You should try to login without
+looking at the notes, but if you must
+then by all means do.
+.PP
+Did you remember to give the name of the file
+you wanted to edit?
+That is, did you type
+.DS I 1i
+% \fBedit text\fR
+.DE
+or simply
+.DS I 1i
+% \fBedit\fR
+.DE
+Both ways get you in contact with edit, but the first way
+will bring a copy of the file named ``text'' into
+the buffer.  
+If you did forget to tell edit the name of your file,
+you can get it into the buffer by
+typing:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBe text
+.R
+"text" 6 lines, 171 characters
+.DE
+The command
+.B edit,
+which may be abbreviated \fBe\fR,
+tells edit that you want
+to erase anything that might already be in 
+the buffer and bring a copy of the file ``text'' into the buffer
+for editing.
+You may also use the edit (e) command to change files in
+the middle of an editing session,
+or to give edit the name of a new file that you want to create.
+Because the edit command clears the buffer,
+you will receive a warning if you try to edit a new file without
+having saved a copy of the old file.
+This gives you a chance to write the contents of the buffer to disk
+before editing the next file.
+.SH
+Moving text in the buffer (m)
+.PP
+Edit allows you to move lines of text
+from one location in the buffer to another
+by means of the
+.B move
+(\fBm\fR) command.
+The first two examples are for illustration only,
+though after you have read this Session
+you are welcome to return to them for practice.
+The command
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB2,4m$
+.R
+.DE
+directs edit to move lines 2, 3, and 4
+to the end of the buffer ($).  
+The format for the move command is that you specify
+the first line to be moved, the last line to be moved,
+the move command ``m'', and the line after which
+the moved text is to be placed.
+So,
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB1,3m6
+.R
+.DE
+would instruct edit to move lines 1 through 3 (inclusive) 
+to a location after line 6 in the buffer.
+To move only one line, say, line 4,
+to a location in the buffer after line 5, 
+the command would be ``4m5''.
+.PP
+Let's move some text using the command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB5,$m1
+.R
+2 lines moved
+it does illustrate the editor.
+.DE
+After executing a command that moves more than one line of the buffer,
+edit tells how many lines were affected by the move
+and prints the last moved line for your inspection.
+If you want to see more than just the last line,
+you can then
+use the print (p), z, or number (nu) command to view more text.
+The buffer should now contain:
+.DS I 1i
+This is some sample text.
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+it does illustrate the editor.
+And this is some more text.
+Text editing is nice.
+This is text added in Session 2.
+.DE
+You can restore the original order by typing:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB4,$m1
+.R
+.DE
+or, combining context searching and the move command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/And this is some/,/This is text/m/This is some sample/
+.R
+.DE
+(Do not type both examples here!)
+The problem with combining context searching
+with the move command 
+is that your chance of making a typing error
+in such a long command is greater than
+if you type line numbers.
+.SH
+Copying lines (copy)
+.PP
+The
+.B copy
+command
+is used to make a second copy of specified lines,
+leaving the original lines where they were.
+Copy
+has the same format as the move command, for example:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB2,5copy $
+.R
+.DE
+makes a copy of lines 2 through 5,
+placing the added lines after the buffer's end ($).
+Experiment with the copy command
+so that you can become familiar with how it works.
+Note that the shortest abbreviation for copy is
+\f3co\f1 (and
+not the letter ``c'', which has another meaning).
+.SH
+Deleting lines (d)
+.PP
+Suppose you want to delete 
+the line
+.DS I 1i
+This is text added in Session 2.
+.DE
+from the buffer.
+If you know the number of the line to be deleted,
+you can type
+that number followed by
+\fBdelete\fR or \fBd\fR.
+This example deletes line 4,
+which is ``This is text added in Session 2.''
+if you typed the commands
+suggested so far.
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB4d
+.R
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+.DE
+Here ``4'' is the number of the line to be deleted,
+and ``delete'' or ``d'' is the command to delete the line.
+After executing the delete command,
+edit prints the line that has become the current line (``.'').
+.PP
+If you do not happen to know the line number
+you can search for the line and then delete it using this
+sequence of commands:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/added in Session 2./
+.R
+This is text added in Session 2.
+:\|\fBd
+.R
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+.DE
+The ``/added in Session 2./''
+asks edit to locate and print
+the line containing the indicated text,
+starting its search at the current line
+and moving line by line
+until it finds the text.
+Once you are sure that you have correctly specified the line
+you want to delete,
+you can enter the delete (d) command.
+In this case it is not necessary to
+specify a line number before the ``d''.
+If no line number is given,
+edit deletes the current line (``.''),
+that is, the line found by our search.
+After the deletion, your buffer should contain:
+.DS I 1i
+This is some sample text.
+And this is some more text.
+Text editing is nice.
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+it does illustrate the editor.
+And this is some more text.
+Text editing is nice.
+This is text added in Session 2.
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+.DE
+To delete both lines 2 and 3:
+.DS I 1i
+And this is some more text.
+Text editing is nice.
+.DE
+you type
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\f32,3d\f1
+2 lines deleted
+.DE
+which specifies the range of lines from 2 to 3,
+and the operation on those lines \(em ``d'' for delete.
+If you delete more than one line
+you will receive a message
+telling you the number of lines deleted,
+as indicated in the example above.
+.PP
+The previous example assumes that you know the line numbers for
+the lines to be deleted.
+If you do not you might combine the search command
+with the delete command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/And this is some/,/Text editing is nice./d
+.R
+.DE
+.SH
+A word or two of caution
+.PP
+In using the search function to locate lines to
+be deleted you should be
+.B
+absolutely sure
+.R
+the characters you give as the basis for the search
+will take edit to the line you want deleted.
+Edit will search for the first
+occurrence of the characters starting from where
+you last edited \-
+that is, from the line you see printed if you type dot (.).
+.PP
+A search based on too few
+characters may result in the wrong lines being deleted,
+which edit will do as easily as if you had meant it.
+For this reason, it is usually safer
+to specify the search and then delete in two separate steps,
+at least until you become familiar enough with using the editor
+that you understand how best to specify searches.
+For a beginner it is not a bad idea to double-check
+each command before pressing \s-2RETURN\s+2 to send the command on its way.
+.SH
+Undo (u) to the rescue
+.PP
+The
+.B
+undo (u)
+.R
+command has the ability to
+reverse the effects of the last command that changed the buffer.
+To undo the previous command, type
+``u'' or ``undo''.
+Undo can rescue
+the contents of the buffer from many an unfortunate mistake.
+However, its powers are not unlimited,
+so it is still wise to be reasonably
+careful about the commands you give.
+.PP
+It is possible to undo only commands which
+have the power to change the buffer \(em for example,
+delete, append, move, copy, substitute, and even undo itself.
+The commands write (w) and edit (e), which interact with disk files,
+cannot be undone, nor can commands that do not change
+the buffer, such as print.
+Most importantly,
+the
+.B only
+command that can be reversed by undo
+is the
+last ``undo-able'' command you typed.
+You can use control-H and @ to change
+commands while you are typing them,
+and undo to reverse the effect of the commands
+after you have typed them and pressed \s-2RETURN\s+2.
+.PP
+To illustrate,
+let's issue an undo command.
+Recall that the last buffer-changing command we gave deleted
+the lines formerly numbered 2 and 3.
+Typing undo at this moment will reverse the effects
+of the deletion, causing those two lines to be
+replaced in the buffer.
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBu
+.R
+2 more lines in file after undo
+And this is some more text.
+.DE
+Here again, edit informs you if the command affects more
+than one line,
+and prints
+the text of the line which is now ``dot'' (the current line).
+.SH
+More about the dot (.) and buffer end ($)
+.PP
+The function assumed by the symbol dot depends on its context.
+It can be used:
+.IP
+1.  to exit from append mode; we type dot (and only a dot) on
+a line and press \s-2RETURN\s+2;
+.IP
+2.  to refer to the line we are at in the buffer.
+.LP
+Dot can also be combined with the equal sign to get
+the number of the line currently being edited:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB\&.=
+.R
+.DE
+If we type ``\fB.\fR='' we are asking for the number of the line,
+and if we type ``\fB.\fR'' we are asking for the text of the line.
+.PP
+In this editing session and the last, we used the dollar
+sign to indicate the end of the buffer
+in commands such as print, copy, and move.
+The dollar sign as a command asks edit to print the last
+line in the buffer.
+If the dollar sign is combined with the equal sign (\f3$=\f1)
+edit will print the line number corresponding to the
+last line in the buffer.
+.PP
+``\fB.\fR'' and ``$'', then, represent line numbers.
+Whenever appropriate, these symbols can be used in
+place of line numbers in commands.
+For example
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB\s+2.\s-2,$d
+.R
+.DE
+instructs edit to delete all lines from the current line (\fB.\fR)
+to the end of the buffer.
+.SH
+Moving around in the buffer  (+ and \-)
+.PP
+When you are editing
+you often want
+to go back and re-read a previous line.
+You could specify a context search for a line you want to
+read if you remember some of its text,
+but if you simply want to see what was written a few, say 3, lines
+ago, you can type
+.DS I 1i
+\-3p
+.DE
+This tells edit to move back to a position 3 lines
+before the current line (.)
+and print that line.
+You can move forward in the buffer similarly:
+.DS I 1i
++2p
+.DE
+instructs edit to print the line that is 2
+ahead of your current position.
+.PP
+You may use ``+'' and ``\-'' in any command where edit
+accepts line numbers.
+Line numbers specified with ``+'' or ``\-''
+can be combined to print a range of lines.
+The command
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB\-1,+2copy$
+.R
+.DE
+makes a copy of 4 lines:  the current line, the line before it,
+and the two after it.
+The copied lines will be placed after the last line
+in the buffer ($),
+and the original lines referred to by ``\-1'' and ``+2''
+remain where they are.
+.PP
+Try typing only ``\-''; you will move back one line just as
+if you had typed ``\-1p''.
+Typing the command ``+'' works similarly.
+You might also try typing a few plus or minus signs in a row
+(such as ``+++'') to see edit's response.
+Typing \s-2RETURN\s+2 alone on a line is the equivalent
+of typing ``+1p''; it will move you one line ahead in the buffer
+and print that line.
+.PP
+If you are at the last line of the buffer and try
+to move further ahead, perhaps by typing a ``+'' or
+a carriage return alone on the line,
+edit will remind you that you are at the end of the buffer:
+.sp
+.nf
+.ti 1i
+At end-of-file
+.br
+or
+.ti 1i
+Not that many lines in buffer
+.fi
+.LP
+Similarly, if you try to move to a position before the first line,
+edit will print one of these messages:
+.sp
+.nf
+.ti 1i
+Nonzero address required on this command
+.br
+or
+.ti 1i
+Negative address \- first buffer line is 1
+.fi
+.LP
+The number associated with a buffer line is the line's ``address'',
+in that it can be used to locate the line.
+.SH
+Changing lines (c)
+.PP
+You can also delete certain lines and
+insert new text in their place.
+This can be accomplished easily with the
+.B "change (c)"
+command.
+The change command instructs edit to delete specified lines
+and then switch to text input mode to
+accept the text that will replace them.
+Let's say you want to change the first two lines in the buffer:
+.DS I 1i
+This is some sample text.
+And this is some more text.
+.DE
+to read
+.DS I 1i
+This text was created with the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor.
+.DE
+To do so, you type:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB1,2c
+.R
+2 lines changed
+.B
+This text was created with the \s-2UNIX\s0 text editor.
+\s+2\&.\s-2
+.R
+:
+.DE
+In the command
+.B 1,2c
+we specify that we want to change
+the range of lines beginning with 1 and ending with 2
+by giving line numbers as with the print command.
+These lines will be deleted.
+After you type \s-2RETURN\s+2 to end the change command,
+edit notifies you if more than one line will be changed
+and places you in text input mode.
+Any text typed on the following lines will be inserted into
+the position where lines were deleted by the change command.
+.B
+You will remain in text input mode until you exit in the usual way,
+by typing a period alone on a line.
+.R
+Note that the number of lines added to the buffer need not be
+the same as the number of lines deleted.
+.sp 1
+.PP
+This is the end of the third session on text editing with \s-2UNIX\s0.
+.bp
+.SH
+.ce 1
+\s+2Session 4\s0
+.sp
+.PP
+This lesson covers several topics, starting with
+commands that apply throughout the buffer,
+characters with special meanings,
+and how to issue \s-2UNIX\s0 commands while in the editor.
+The next topics deal with files:
+more on reading and writing,
+and methods of recovering files lost in a crash.
+The final section suggests sources of further information.
+.SH
+Making commands global (g)
+.PP
+One disadvantage to the commands we have used for
+searching or substituting is that if you
+have a number of instances of a word to change 
+it appears that you have to type the command 
+repeatedly, once for
+each time the change needs to be made.
+Edit, however, provides a way to make commands
+apply to the entire contents of the buffer \-
+the
+.B
+global (g)
+.R
+command.
+.PP
+To print all lines
+containing a certain sequence of characters
+(say, ``text'')
+the command is:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBg/text/p
+.R
+.DE
+The ``g'' instructs edit to
+make a global search for all lines
+in the buffer containing the characters  ``text''.
+The ``p'' prints the lines found.
+.PP
+To issue a global command, start by typing a ``g'' and then a search
+pattern identifying
+the lines to be affected.
+Then, on the same line, type the command to be
+executed for the identified lines.
+Global substitutions are frequently useful.
+For example,
+to change all instances of the word ``text'' to the word ``material''
+the command would be a combination of the global search and the
+substitute command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBg/text/s/text/material/g
+.R
+.DE
+Note the ``g'' at the end of the global command,
+which instructs edit to change
+each and every instance of ``text'' to ``material''.
+If you do not type the ``g'' at the end of the command
+only the
+.I first
+instance of ``text'' \fIin each line\fR will be changed
+(the normal result of the substitute command).
+The ``g'' at the end of the command is independent of the ``g''
+at the beginning.
+You may give a command such as:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB5s/text/material/g
+.R
+.DE
+to change every instance of ``text'' in line 5 alone.
+Further, neither command will change ``text'' to ``material''
+if ``Text'' begins with a capital rather than a lower-case
+.I t.
+.PP
+Edit does not automatically print the lines modified by a
+global command.
+If you want the lines to be printed, type a ``p''
+at the end of the global command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBg/text/s/text/material/gp
+.R
+.DE
+You should be careful
+about using the global command in combination with any other \-
+in essence, be sure of what you are telling edit to do
+to the entire buffer.
+For example,
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBg/ /d
+.R
+72 less lines in file after global
+.DE
+will delete every line containing a blank anywhere in it.
+This could adversely affect
+your document, since most lines have spaces between words
+and thus would be deleted.
+After executing the global command,
+edit will print a warning if the command added or deleted more than one line.
+Fortunately, the undo command can reverse
+the effects of a global command.
+You should experiment with the global command
+on a small file of text to see what it can do for you.
+.SH
+More about searching and substituting
+.PP
+In using slashes to identify a character string
+that we want to search for or change,
+we have always specified the exact characters.
+There is a less tedious way to
+repeat the same string of characters.
+To change ``text'' to ``texts'' we may type either
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/text/s/text/texts/
+.R
+.DE
+as we have done in the past,
+or a somewhat abbreviated command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/text/s//texts/
+.R
+.DE
+In this example, the characters to be changed
+are not specified \-
+there are no characters, not even a space,
+between the two slash marks
+that indicate what is to be changed.
+This lack of characters between the slashes
+is taken by the editor to mean
+``use the characters we last searched for as the characters to be changed.''
+.PP
+Similarly, the last context search may be repeated
+by typing a pair of slashes with nothing between them:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/does/
+.R
+It doesn't mean much here, but
+:\|\fB//
+.R
+it does illustrate the editor.
+.DE
+(You should note that the search command found the characters ``does''
+in the word ``doesn't'' in the first search request.)
+Because no characters are specified for the second search,
+the editor scans the buffer for the next occurrence of the
+characters ``does''.
+.PP
+Edit normally searches forward through the buffer,
+wrapping around from the end of the buffer to the beginning,
+until the specified character string is found.
+If you want to search in the reverse direction,
+use question marks (?) instead of slashes
+to surround the characters you are searching for.
+.PP
+It is also possible
+to repeat the last substitution
+without having to retype the entire command.
+An ampersand (&) used as a command
+repeats the most recent substitute command,
+using the same search and replacement patterns.
+After altering the current line by typing
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBs/text/texts/
+.R
+.DE
+you type
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB/text/&
+.R
+.DE
+or simply
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB//&
+.R
+.DE
+to make the same change on the next line in the buffer
+containing the characters ``text''.
+.SH
+Special characters
+.PP
+Two characters have special meanings when
+used in specifying searches:  ``$'' and ``^''.
+``$'' is taken by the editor to mean ``end of the line''
+and is used to identify strings
+that occur at the end of a line.
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBg/text.$/s//material./p
+.R
+.DE
+tells the editor to search for all lines ending in ``text.''
+(and nothing else, not even a blank space),
+to change each final ``text.'' to ``material.'',
+and print the changed lines.
+.PP
+The symbol ``^'' indicates the beginning of a line.
+Thus,
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBs/^/1. /
+.R
+.DE
+instructs the editor to insert ``1.'' and a space at the beginning
+of the current line.
+.PP
+The characters ``$'' and ``^'' have special meanings only in the context
+of searching.
+At other times, they are ordinary characters.
+If you ever need to search for a character that has a special meaning,
+you must indicate that the
+character is to lose temporarily
+its special significance by typing another special character,
+the backslash (\\), before it.
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBs/\\\\\&$/dollar/
+.R
+.DE
+looks for the character ``$'' in the current
+line and replaces it by the word ``dollar''.
+Were it not for the backslash, the ``$'' would have represented
+``the end of the line'' in your search
+rather than the character ``$''.
+The backslash retains its special significance
+unless it is preceded by another backslash.
+.SH
+Issuing \s-2UNIX\s0 commands from the editor
+.PP
+After creating several files with the editor,
+you may want to delete files
+no longer useful to you or ask for a list of your files.
+Removing and listing files are not functions of the editor,
+and so they require the use of \s-2UNIX\s0 system commands
+(also referred to as ``shell'' commands, as
+``shell'' is the name of the program that processes \s-2UNIX\s0 commands).
+You do not need to quit the editor to execute a \s-2UNIX\s0 command
+as long as you indicate that it
+is to be sent to the shell for execution.
+To use the \s-2UNIX\s0 command
+.B rm
+to remove the file named ``junk'' type:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB!rm junk
+.R
+!
+:
+.DE
+The exclamation mark (!)
+indicates that the rest of the line is to be processed as a shell command.
+If the buffer contents have not been written since the last change,
+a warning will be printed before the command is executed:
+.DS I 1i
+[No write since last change]
+.DE
+The editor prints a ``!'' when the command is completed.
+Other tutorials describe useful features of the system,
+of which an editor is only one part.
+.SH
+Filenames and file manipulation
+.PP
+Throughout each editing session,
+edit keeps track of the name of the file being edited as the
+.I "current filename."
+Edit remembers as the current filename the name given
+when you entered the editor.
+The current filename changes whenever the edit (e) command
+is used to specify a new file.
+Once edit has recorded a current filename,
+it inserts that name into any command where a filename has been omitted.
+If a write command does not specify a file,
+edit, as we have seen, supplies the current filename.
+If you are editing a file named ``draft3'' having 283 lines in it,
+you can have the editor write onto a different file
+by including its name in the write command:
+.DS I 1i
+:\fB\|w chapter3
+.R
+"chapter3" [new file] 283 lines, 8698 characters
+.DE
+The current filename remembered by the editor
+.I
+will not be changed as a result of the write command.
+.R
+Thus, if the next write command
+does not specify a name,
+edit will write onto the current file (``draft3'')
+and not onto the file ``chapter3''.
+.SH
+The file (f) command
+.PP
+To ask for the current filename, type
+.B file
+(or
+.B f ).
+In response, the editor provides current information about the buffer,
+including the filename, your current position, the number of
+lines in the buffer,
+and the percent of the distance through the file
+your current location is.
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBf
+.R
+"text" [Modified] line 3 of 4 --75%--
+.DE
+.\"The expression ``[Edited]'' indicates that the buffer contains
+.\"either the editor's copy of the existing file ``text''
+.\"or a file which you are just now creating.
+If the contents of the buffer have changed
+since the last time the file was written,
+the editor will tell you that the file has been ``[Modified]''.
+After you save the changes by writing onto a disk file,
+the buffer will no longer be considered modified:
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBw
+.R
+"text" 4 lines, 88 characters
+:\|\fBf
+.R
+"text" line 3 of 4 --75%--
+.DE
+.SH
+Reading additional files (r)
+.PP
+The
+\f3read (r)\f1 command allows you to add the contents of a file
+to the buffer
+at a specified location,
+essentially copying new lines
+between two existing lines.
+To use it, specify the line after which the new text will be placed,
+the \f3read (r)\f1 command,
+and then the name of the file.
+If you have a file named ``example'', the command
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB$r example
+.R
+"example" 18 lines, 473 characters
+.DE
+reads the file ``example''
+and adds it to the buffer after the last line.
+The current filename is not changed by the read command.
+.SH
+Writing parts of the buffer
+.PP
+The
+.B
+write (w)
+.R
+command can write all or part of the buffer
+to a file you specify.
+We are already familiar with
+writing the entire contents of the
+buffer to a disk file.
+To write only part of the buffer onto a file,
+indicate the beginning and ending lines before the write command,
+for example
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fB45,$w ending
+.R
+.DE
+Here all lines from 45 through the end of the buffer
+are written onto the file named
+.I ending.
+The lines remain in the buffer
+as part of the document you are editing,
+and you may continue to edit the entire buffer.
+Your original file is unaffected
+by your command to write part of the buffer
+to another file.
+Edit still remembers whether you have saved changes to the buffer
+in your original file or not.
+.SH
+Recovering files
+.PP
+Although it does not happen very often,
+there are times \s-2UNIX\s+2 stops working
+because of some malfunction.
+This situation is known as a \fIcrash\fR.
+Under most circumstances,
+edit's crash recovery feature
+is able to save work to within a few lines of changes
+before a crash (or an accidental phone hang up).
+If you lose the contents of an editing buffer in a system crash,
+you will normally receive mail when you login that gives
+the name of the recovered file.
+To recover the file,
+enter the editor and type the command
+.B recover
+(\fBrec\fR),
+followed by the name of the lost file.
+For example,
+to recover the buffer for an edit session
+involving the file ``chap6'', the command is:
+.DS I 1i
+.R
+:\|\fBrecover chap6
+.R
+.DE
+Recover is sometimes unable to save the entire buffer successfully,
+so always check the contents of the saved buffer carefully
+before writing it back onto the original file.
+For best results,
+write the buffer to a new file temporarily
+so you can examine it without risk to the original file.
+Unfortunately,
+you cannot use the recover command
+to retrieve a file you removed
+using the shell command \f3rm\f1.
+.SH
+Other recovery techniques
+.PP
+If something goes wrong when you are using the editor,
+it may be possible to save your work by using the command
+.B preserve
+(\fBpre\fR),
+which saves the buffer as if the system had crashed.
+If you are writing a file and you get the message
+``Quota exceeded'', you have tried to use more disk storage
+than is allotted to your account.
+.I
+Proceed with caution
+.R
+because it is likely that only a part
+of the editor's buffer is now present in the file you tried to write.
+In this case you should use the shell escape from the editor (!)
+to remove some files you don't need and try to write
+the file again.
+If this is not possible and you cannot find someone to help you,
+enter the command
+.DS I 1i
+:\|\fBpreserve
+.R
+.DE
+and wait for the reply,
+.DS I 1i
+File preserved.
+.DE
+If you do not receive this reply,
+seek help immediately.
+Do not simply leave the editor.
+If you do, the buffer will be lost, 
+and you may not be able to save your file.
+If the reply is ``File preserved.''
+you can leave the editor
+(or logout)
+to remedy the situation.
+After a preserve, you can use the recover command
+once the problem has been corrected,
+or the \fB\-r\fR option of the edit command
+if you leave the editor and want to return.
+.PP
+If you make an undesirable change to the buffer
+and type a write command before discovering your mistake,
+the modified version will replace any previous version of the file.
+Should you ever lose a good version of a document in this way,
+do not panic and leave the editor.
+As long as you stay in the editor,
+the contents of the buffer remain accessible.
+Depending on the nature of the problem,
+it may be possible
+to restore the buffer to a more complete
+state with the undo command.
+After fixing the damaged buffer, you can again write the file
+to disk.
+.SH
+Further reading and other information
+.PP
+Edit is an editor designed for beginning and casual users.
+It is actually a version of a more powerful editor called
+.I ex.
+These lessons are intended to introduce you to the editor
+and its more commonly-used commands.
+We have not covered all of the editor's commands,
+but a selection of commands
+that should be sufficient to accomplish most of your editing tasks.
+You can find out more about the editor in the
+.I
+Ex Reference Manual,
+.R
+which is applicable to both
+.I ex
+and
+.I edit.
+One way to become familiar with the manual is to begin by reading
+the description of commands that you already know.
+.bd I 3
+.SH
+Using
+.I ex
+.fl
+.bd I
+.PP
+As you become more experienced with using the editor,
+you may still find that edit continues to meet your needs.
+However, should you become interested in using 
+.I ex,
+it is easy to switch.
+To begin an editing session with 
+.I ex,
+use the name
+.B ex
+in your command instead of
+.B edit.
+.PP
+Edit commands also work in 
+.I ex,
+but the editing environment is somewhat different.
+You should be aware of a few differences
+between 
+.I ex
+and 
+.I edit.
+In edit, only the characters ``^'', ``$'', and ``\\'' have
+special meanings in searching the buffer
+or indicating characters to be changed by a substitute command.
+Several additional characters have special
+meanings in ex, as described in the
+.I
+Ex Reference Manual.
+.R
+Another feature of the edit environment prevents users from
+accidently entering two alternative modes of editing,
+.I open
+and
+.I visual,
+in which
+the editor behaves quite differently from normal command mode.
+If you are using ex and you encounter strange behavior,
+you may have accidently entered open mode by typing ``o''.
+Type the \s-2ESC\s0 key and then a ``Q''
+to get out of open or visual mode and back into
+the regular editor command mode.
+The document
+.I
+An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi\|\|
+.R
+provide full details of visual mode.
+.bp
+.SH
+.ce 1
+\s+2Index\s0
+.LP
+.sp 2
+.2C
+.nf
+addressing, \fIsee\fR line numbers
+ampersand, 20
+append mode, 6-7
+append (a) command, 6, 7, 9
+``At end of file'' (message), 18
+backslash (\\), 21
+buffer, 3
+caret (^), 10, 20
+change (c) command, 18
+command mode, 5-6
+``Command not found'' (message), 6
+context search, 10-12, 19-21
+control characters (``^'' notation), 10
+control-H, 7
+copy (co) command, 15
+corrections, 7, 16
+current filename, 21
+current line (\|.\|), 11, 17
+delete (d) command, 15-16
+dial-up, 5
+disk, 3
+documentation, 3, 23
+dollar ($), 10, 11, 17, 20-21
+dot (\f3\|.\|\f1) 11, 17
+edit (text editor), 3, 5, 23
+edit (e) command, 5, 9, 14
+editing commands:
+.in +.25i
+append (a), 6, 7, 9
+change (c), 18
+copy (co), 15
+delete (d), 15-16
+edit (text editor), 3, 5, 23
+edit (e), 5, 9, 14
+file (f), 21-22
+global (g), 19
+move (m), 14-15
+number (nu), 11
+preserve (pre), 22-23
+print (p), 10
+quit (q), 8, 13
+read (r), 22
+recover (rec), 22, 23
+substitute (s), 11-12, 19, 20
+undo (u), 16-17, 23
+write (w), 8, 13, 21, 22
+z, 12-13
+! (shell escape), 21
+$=, 17
++, 17
+\-, 17
+//, 12, 20
+??, 20
+\&., 11, 17
+\&.=, 11, 17
+.in -.25i
+entering text, 3, 6-7
+erasing
+.in +.25i
+characters (^H), 7
+lines (@), 7
+.in -.25i
+error corrections, 7, 16
+ex (text editor), 23
+\fIEx Reference Manual\fR, 23
+exclamation (!), 21
+file, 3
+file (f) command, 21-22
+file recovery, 22-23
+filename, 3, 21
+global (g) command, 19
+input mode, 6-7
+Interrupt (message), 9
+line numbers, \fIsee also\fR current line
+.in +.25i
+dollar sign ($), 10, 11, 17
+dot (\|.\|), 11, 17
+relative (+ and \-), 17
+.in -.25i
+list, 10
+logging in, 4-6
+logging out, 8
+``Login incorrect'' (message), 5
+minus (\-), 17
+move (m) command, 14-15
+``Negative address\(emfirst buffer line is 1'' (message), 18
+``No current filename'' (message), 8
+``No such file or directory'' (message), 5, 6
+``No write since last change'' (message), 21
+non-printing characters, 10
+``Nonzero address required'' (message), 18
+``Not an editor command'' (message), 6
+``Not that many lines in buffer'' (message), 18
+number (nu) command, 11
+password, 5
+period (\|.\|), 11, 17
+plus (+), 17
+preserve (pre) command, 22-23
+print (p) command, 10
+program, 3
+prompts
+.in .25i
+% (\s-2UNIX\s0), 5
+: (edit), 5, 6, 7
+\0 (append), 7
+.in -.25i
+question (?), 20
+quit (q) command, 8, 13
+read (r) command, 22
+recover (rec) command, 22, 23
+recovery, \fIsee\fR\| file recovery
+references, 3, 23
+remove (rm) command, 21, 22
+reverse command effects (undo), 16-17, 23
+searching, 10-12, 19-21
+shell, 21
+shell escape (!), 21
+slash (/), 11-12, 20
+special characters (^, $, \\), 10, 11, 17, 20-21
+substitute (s) command, 11-12, 19, 20
+terminals, 4-5
+text input mode, 7
+undo (u) command, 16-17, 23
+\s-1UNIX\s0, 3
+write (w) command, 8, 13, 21, 22
+z command, 12-13
+
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11f4e6650dcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+
+DIR=	usd/13.ex
+SRCS=	ex.rm
+MACROS=	-msU
+CLEANFILES=summary.*
+
+paper.ps: ${SRCS} summary.ps
+	${ROFF} ${SRCS} > ${.TARGET}
+
+summary.ps: ex.summary
+	${TBL} ex.summary | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET}
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.rm b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.rm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..79670c2cf66b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.rm
@@ -0,0 +1,2230 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)ex.rm	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.EH 'USD:13-%''Ex Reference Manual'
+.OH 'Ex Reference Manual''USD:13-%'
+.de ZP
+.nr pd \\n()P
+.nr )P 0
+.if \\n(.$=0 .IP
+.if \\n(.$=1 .IP "\\$1"
+.if \\n(.$>=2 .IP "\\$1" "\\$2"
+.nr )P \\n(pd
+.rm pd
+..
+.de LC
+.br
+.sp .1i
+.ne 4
+.LP
+.ta 4.0i
+..
+.bd S B 3
+.\".RP
+.TL
+Ex Reference Manual
+.br
+Version 3.7
+.AU
+William Joy
+.AU
+Mark Horton
+.AI
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, Ca.  94720
+.AB
+.I Ex
+a line oriented text editor, which supports both command and display
+oriented editing.
+This reference manual describes the command oriented part of
+.I ex;
+the display editing features of
+.I ex
+are described in
+.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi."
+Other documents about the editor include the introduction
+.I "Edit: A tutorial",
+the
+.I "Ex/edit Command Summary",
+and a
+.I "Vi Quick Reference"
+card.
+.AE
+.NH 1
+Starting ex
+.PP
+.FS
+The financial support of an \s-2IBM\s0 Graduate Fellowship and the National
+Science Foundation under grants MCS74-07644-A03 and MCS78-07291 is gratefully
+acknowledged.
+.FE
+Each instance of the editor has a set of options,
+which can be set to tailor it to your liking.
+The command
+.I edit
+invokes a version of
+.I ex
+designed for more casual or beginning
+users by changing the default settings of some of these options.
+To simplify the description which follows we
+assume the default settings of the options.
+.PP
+When invoked,
+.I ex
+determines the terminal type from the \s-2TERM\s0 variable in the environment.
+It there is a \s-2TERMCAP\s0 variable in the environment, and the type
+of the terminal described there matches the \s-2TERM\s0 variable,
+then that description
+is used.  Also if the \s-2TERMCAP\s0 variable contains a pathname (beginning
+with a \fB/\fR) then the editor will seek the description of the terminal
+in that file (rather than the default /etc/termcap).
+If there is a variable \s-2EXINIT\s0 in the environment, then the editor
+will execute the commands in that variable,
+otherwise if there is a file
+.I \&.exrc
+in your \s-2HOME\s0 directory
+.I ex
+reads commands from that file, simulating a
+.I source
+command.
+Option setting commands placed in
+\s-2EXINIT\s0 or
+.I \&.exrc
+will be executed before each editor session.
+.PP
+A command to enter
+.I ex
+has the following prototype:\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg Brackets `[' `]' surround optional parameters here.
+.FE
+.DS
+\fBex\fP [ \fB\-\fP ] [ \fB\-v\fP ] [ \fB\-t\fP \fItag\fP ] [ \fB\-r\fP ] [ \fB\-l\fP ] [ \fB\-w\fP\fIn\fP ] [ \fB\-x\fP ] [ \fB\-R\fP ] [ \fB+\fP\fIcommand\fP ] name ...
+.DE
+The most common case edits a single file with no options, i.e.:
+.DS
+\fBex\fR name
+.DE
+The
+.B \-
+command line option
+option suppresses all interactive-user feedback
+and is useful in processing editor scripts in command files.
+The
+.B \-v
+option is equivalent to using
+.I vi
+rather than
+.I ex.
+The
+.B \-t
+option is equivalent to an initial
+.I tag
+command, editing the file containing the
+.I tag
+and positioning the editor at its definition.
+The
+.B \-r
+option is used in recovering after an editor or system crash,
+retrieving the last saved version of the named file or,
+if no file is specified,
+typing a list of saved files.
+The
+.B \-l
+option sets up for editing \s-2LISP\s0, setting the
+.I showmatch
+and
+.I lisp
+options.
+The
+.B \-w
+option sets the default window size to
+.I n,
+and is useful on dialups to start in small windows.
+The
+.B \-x
+option causes
+.I ex
+to prompt for a
+.I key ,
+which is used to encrypt and decrypt the contents of the file,
+which should already be encrypted using the same key,
+see
+.I crypt (1).
+The
+.B \-R
+option sets the
+.I readonly
+option at the start.
+.I Name
+arguments indicate files to be edited.
+An argument of the form
+\fB+\fIcommand\fR
+indicates that the editor should begin by executing the specified command.
+If
+.I command
+is omitted, then it defaults to ``$'', positioning the editor at the last
+line of the first file initially.  Other useful commands here are scanning
+patterns of the form ``/pat'' or line numbers, e.g. ``+100'' starting
+at line 100.
+.NH 1
+File manipulation
+.NH 2
+Current file
+.PP
+.I Ex
+is normally editing the contents of a single file,
+whose name is recorded in the
+.I current
+file name.
+.I Ex
+performs all editing actions in a buffer
+(actually a temporary file)
+into which the text of the file is initially read.
+Changes made to the buffer have no effect on the file being
+edited unless and until the buffer contents are written out to the
+file with a
+.I write
+command.
+After the buffer contents are written,
+the previous contents of the written file are no longer accessible.
+When a file is edited,
+its name becomes the current file name,
+and its contents are read into the buffer.
+.PP
+The current file is almost always considered to be
+.I edited.
+This means that the contents of the buffer are logically
+connected with the current file name,
+so that writing the current buffer contents onto that file,
+even if it exists,
+is a reasonable action.
+If the current file is not 
+.I edited
+then
+.I ex
+will not normally write on it if it already exists.*
+.FS
+* The
+.I file
+command will say ``[Not edited]'' if the current file is not considered
+edited.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Alternate file
+.PP
+Each time a new value is given to the current file name,
+the previous current file name is saved as the
+.I alternate
+file name.
+Similarly if a file is mentioned but does not become the current file,
+it is saved as the alternate file name.
+.NH 2
+Filename expansion
+.PP
+Filenames within the editor may be specified using the normal
+shell expansion conventions.
+In addition,
+the character `%' in filenames is replaced by the
+.I current
+file name and the character
+`#' by the
+.I alternate
+file name.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg This makes it easy to deal alternately with
+two files and eliminates the need for retyping the
+name supplied on an
+.I edit
+command after a 
+.I "No write since last change"
+diagnostic is received.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Multiple files and named buffers
+.PP
+If more than one file is given on the command line,
+then the first file is edited as described above.
+The remaining arguments are placed with the first file in the
+.I "argument list."
+The current argument list may be displayed with the
+.I args
+command.
+The next file in the argument list may be edited with the
+.I next
+command.
+The argument list may also be respecified by specifying
+a list of names to the
+.I next
+command.
+These names are expanded,
+the resulting list of names becomes the new argument list,
+and
+.I ex
+edits the first file on the list.
+.PP
+For saving blocks of text while editing, and especially when editing
+more than one file,
+.I ex
+has a group of named buffers.
+These are similar to the normal buffer, except that only a limited number
+of operations are available on them.
+The buffers have names
+.I a
+through
+.I z.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd It is also possible to refer to
+.I A
+through
+.I Z;
+the upper case buffers are the same as the lower but commands
+append to named buffers rather than replacing
+if upper case names are used.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Read only
+.PP
+It is possible to use
+.I ex
+in
+.I "read only"
+mode to look at files that you have no intention of modifying.
+This mode protects you from accidently overwriting the file.
+Read only mode is on when the
+.I readonly
+option is set.
+It can be turned on with the
+.B \-R
+command line option,
+by the
+.I view
+command line invocation,
+or by setting the
+.I readonly
+option.
+It can be cleared by setting
+.I noreadonly .
+It is possible to write, even while in read only mode, by indicating
+that you really know what you are doing.
+You can write to a different file, or can use the ! form of write,
+even while in read only mode.
+.NH 1
+Exceptional Conditions
+.NH 2
+Errors and interrupts
+.PP
+When errors occur
+.I ex
+(optionally) rings the terminal bell and, in any case, prints an error
+diagnostic.  If the primary input is from a file, editor processing
+will terminate.  If an interrupt signal is received,
+.I ex
+prints ``Interrupt'' and returns to its command level.  If the primary
+input is a file, then
+.I ex
+will exit when this occurs.
+.NH 2
+Recovering from hangups and crashes
+.PP
+If a hangup signal is received and the buffer has been modified since
+it was last written out, or if the system crashes, either the editor
+(in the first case) or the system (after it reboots in the second) will
+attempt to preserve the buffer.  The next time you log in you should be
+able to recover the work you were doing, losing at most a few lines of
+changes from the last point before the hangup or editor crash.  To
+recover a file you can use the
+.B \-r
+option.  If you were editing the file
+.I resume,
+then you should change
+to the directory where you were when the crash occurred, giving the command
+.DS
+\fBex \-r\fP\fI resume\fP
+.DE
+After checking that the retrieved file is indeed ok, you can
+.I write
+it over the previous contents of that file.
+.PP
+You will normally get mail from the system telling you when a file has
+been saved after a crash.  The command
+.DS
+\fBex\fP \-\fBr\fP
+.DE
+will print a list of the files which have been saved for you.
+(In the case of a hangup,
+the file will not appear in the list,
+although it can be recovered.)
+.NH 1
+Editing modes
+.PP
+.I Ex
+has five distinct modes.  The primary mode is
+.I command
+mode.  Commands are entered in command mode when a `:' prompt is
+present, and are executed each time a complete line is sent.  In
+.I "text input"
+mode
+.I ex
+gathers input lines and places them in the file.  The
+.I append,
+.I insert,
+and
+.I change
+commands use text input mode.
+No prompt is printed when you are in text input mode.
+This mode is left by typing a `.' alone at the beginning of a line, and
+.I command
+mode resumes.
+.PP
+The last three modes are
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+modes, entered by the commands of the same name, and, within open and
+visual modes
+.I "text insertion"
+mode.
+.I Open
+and
+.I visual
+modes allow local editing operations to be performed on the text in the
+file.  The
+.I open
+command displays one line at a time on any terminal while
+.I visual
+works on \s-2CRT\s0 terminals with random positioning cursors, using the
+screen as a (single) window for file editing changes.
+These modes are described (only) in
+.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi."
+.NH 
+Command structure
+.PP
+Most command names are English words,
+and initial prefixes of the words are acceptable abbreviations.
+The ambiguity of abbreviations is resolved in favor of the more commonly
+used commands.*
+.FS
+* As an example, the command 
+.I substitute
+can be abbreviated `s'
+while the shortest available abbreviation for the 
+.I set
+command is `se'.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Command parameters
+.PP
+Most commands accept prefix addresses specifying the lines in the file
+upon which they are to have effect.
+The forms of these addresses will be discussed below.
+A number of commands also may take a trailing
+.I count
+specifying the number of lines to be involved in the command.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg Counts are rounded down if necessary.
+.FE
+Thus the command ``10p'' will print the tenth line in the buffer while
+``delete 5'' will delete five lines from the buffer,
+starting with the current line.
+.PP
+Some commands take other information or parameters,
+this information always being given after the command name.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd Examples would be option names in a
+.I set
+command i.e. ``set number'',
+a file name in an
+.I edit
+command,
+a regular expression in a
+.I substitute
+command,
+or a target address for a
+.I copy
+command, i.e. ``1,5 copy 25''.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Command variants
+.PP
+A number of commands have two distinct variants.
+The variant form of the command is invoked by placing an
+`!' immediately after the command name.
+Some of the default variants may be controlled by options;
+in this case, the `!' serves to toggle the default.
+.NH 2
+Flags after commands
+.PP
+The characters `#', `p' and `l' may be placed after many commands.**
+.FS
+**
+A `p' or `l' must be preceded by a blank or tab
+except in the single special case `dp'.
+.FE
+In this case, the command abbreviated by these characters
+is executed after the command completes.
+Since
+.I ex
+normally prints the new current line after each change, `p' is rarely necessary.
+Any number of `+' or `\-' characters may also be given with these flags.
+If they appear, the specified offset is applied to the current line
+value before the printing command is executed.
+.NH 2
+Comments
+.PP
+It is possible to give editor commands which are ignored.
+This is useful when making complex editor scripts
+for which comments are desired.
+The comment character is the double quote: ".
+Any command line beginning with " is ignored.
+Comments beginning with " may also be placed at the ends
+of commands, except in cases where they could be confused as part
+of text (shell escapes and the substitute and map commands).
+.NH 2
+Multiple commands per line
+.PP
+More than one command may be placed on a line by separating each pair
+of commands by a `|' character.
+However the
+.I global
+commands,
+comments,
+and the shell escape `!'
+must be the last command on a line, as they are not terminated by a `|'.
+.NH 2
+Reporting large changes
+.PP
+Most commands which change the contents of the editor buffer give
+feedback if the scope of the change exceeds a threshold given by the
+.I report
+option.
+This feedback helps to detect undesirably large changes so that they may
+be quickly and easily reversed with an
+.I undo.
+After commands with more global effect such as
+.I global
+or
+.I visual,
+you will be informed if the net change in the number of lines
+in the buffer during this command exceeds this threshold.
+.NH 1
+Command addressing
+.NH 2
+Addressing primitives
+.IP \fB.\fR 20
+The current line.
+Most commands leave the current line as the last line which they affect.
+The default address for most commands is the current line,
+thus `\fB.\fR' is rarely used alone as an address.
+.IP \fIn\fR 20
+The \fIn\fRth line in the editor's buffer, lines being numbered
+sequentially from 1.
+.IP \fB$\fR 20
+The last line in the buffer.
+.IP \fB%\fR 20
+An abbreviation for ``1,$'', the entire buffer.
+.IP \fI+n\fR\ \fI\-n\fR 20
+An offset relative to the current buffer line.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg
+The forms `.+3' `+3' and `+++' are all equivalent;
+if the current line is line 100 they all address line 103.
+.FE
+.IP \fB/\fIpat\fR\fB/\fR\ \fB?\fIpat\fR\fB?\fR 20
+Scan forward and backward respectively for a line containing \fIpat\fR, a
+regular expression (as defined below).  The scans normally wrap around the end
+of the buffer.
+If all that is desired is to print the next line containing \fIpat\fR, then
+the trailing \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR may be omitted.
+If \fIpat\fP is omitted or explicitly empty, then the last
+regular expression specified is located.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd The forms \fB\e/\fP and \fB\e?\fP scan
+using the last regular expression used in a scan; after a substitute
+\fB//\fP and \fB??\fP would scan using the substitute's regular expression.
+.FE
+.IP \fB\(aa\(aa\fP\ \fB\(aa\fP\fIx\fP 20
+Before each non-relative motion of the current line `\fB.\fP',
+the previous current line is marked with a tag, subsequently referred to as
+`\(aa\(aa'.
+This makes it easy to refer or return to this previous context.
+Marks may also be established by the
+.I mark
+command, using single lower case letters
+.I x
+and the marked lines referred to as
+`\(aa\fIx\fR'.
+.NH 2
+Combining addressing primitives
+.PP
+Addresses to commands consist of a series of addressing primitives,
+separated by `,' or `;'.
+Such address lists are evaluated left-to-right.
+When addresses are separated by `;' the current line `\fB.\fR'
+is set to the value of the previous addressing expression
+before the next address is interpreted.
+If more addresses are given than the command requires,
+then all but the last one or two are ignored.
+If the command takes two addresses, the first addressed line must
+precede the second in the buffer.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg Null address specifications are permitted in a list of addresses,
+the default in this case is the current line `.';
+thus `,100' is equivalent to `\fB.\fR,100'.
+It is an error to give a prefix address to a command which expects none.
+.FE
+.NH 1
+Command descriptions
+.PP
+The following form is a prototype for all
+.I ex
+commands:
+.DS
+\fIaddress\fR \fBcommand\fR \fI! parameters count flags\fR
+.DE
+All parts are optional; the degenerate case is the empty command which prints
+the next line in the file.  For sanity with use from within
+.I visual
+mode,
+.I ex
+ignores a ``:'' preceding any command.
+.PP
+In the following command descriptions, the
+default addresses are shown in parentheses,
+which are
+.I not,
+however,
+part of the command.
+.LC
+\fBabbreviate\fR \fIword rhs\fP	abbr: \fBab\fP
+.ZP
+Add the named abbreviation to the current list.
+When in input mode in visual, if
+.I word
+is typed as a complete word, it will be changed to
+.I rhs .
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBappend\fR	abbr: \fBa\fR
+.br
+\fItext\fR
+.br
+\&\fB.\fR
+.ZP
+Reads the input text and places it after the specified line.
+After the command, `\fB.\fR'
+addresses the last line input or the
+specified line if no lines were input.
+If address `0' is given,
+text is placed at the beginning of the buffer.
+.LC
+\fBa!\fR
+.br
+\fItext\fR
+.br
+\&\fB.\fR
+.ZP
+The variant flag to
+.I append
+toggles the setting for the
+.I autoindent
+option during the input of
+.I text.
+.LC
+\fBargs\fR
+.ZP
+The members of the argument list are printed, with the current argument
+delimited by `[' and `]'.
+.ig
+.PP
+\fBcd\fR \fIdirectory\fR
+.ZP
+The
+.I cd
+command is a synonym for
+.I chdir.
+..
+.LC
+( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP ) \fBchange\fP \fIcount\fP	abbr: \fBc\fP
+.br
+\fItext\fP
+.br
+\&\fB.\fP
+.ZP
+Replaces the specified lines with the input \fItext\fP.
+The current line becomes the last line input;
+if no lines were input it is left as for a
+\fIdelete\fP.
+.LC
+\fBc!\fP
+.br
+\fItext\fP
+.br
+\&\fB.\fP
+.ZP
+The variant toggles
+.I autoindent
+during the
+.I change.
+.ig
+.LC
+\fBchdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR
+.ZP
+The specified \fIdirectory\fR becomes the current directory.
+If no directory is specified, the current value of the
+.I home
+option is used as the target directory.
+After a
+.I chdir
+the current file is not considered to have been
+edited so that write restrictions on pre-existing files apply.
+..
+.LC
+( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP )\|\fBcopy\fP \fIaddr\fP \fIflags\fP	abbr: \fBco\fP
+.ZP
+A
+.I copy
+of the specified lines is placed after
+.I addr,
+which may be `0'.
+The current line
+`\fB.\fR'
+addresses the last line of the copy.
+The command
+.I t
+is a synonym for
+.I copy.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBdelete\fR \fIbuffer\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBd\fR
+.ZP
+Removes the specified lines from the buffer.
+The line after the last line deleted becomes the current line;
+if the lines deleted were originally at the end,
+the new last line becomes the current line.
+If a named
+.I buffer
+is specified by giving a letter,
+then the specified lines are saved in that buffer,
+or appended to it if an upper case letter is used.
+.LC
+\fBedit\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBe\fR
+.br
+\fBex\fR \fIfile\fR
+.ZP
+Used to begin an editing session on a new file.
+The editor
+first checks to see if the buffer has been modified since the last
+.I write
+command was issued.
+If it has been,
+a warning is issued and the
+command is aborted.
+The
+command otherwise deletes the entire contents of the editor buffer,
+makes the named file the current file and prints the new filename.
+After insuring that this file is sensible\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg I.e., that it is not a binary file such as a directory,
+a block or character special file other than
+.I /dev/tty,
+a terminal,
+or a binary or executable file
+(as indicated by the first word).
+.FE
+the editor reads the file into its buffer.
+.IP
+If the read of the file completes without error,
+the number of lines and characters read is typed.
+If there were any non-\s-2ASCII\s0 characters
+in the file they are stripped of their non-\s-2ASCII\s0
+high bits,
+and any null characters in the file are discarded.
+If none of these errors occurred, the file is considered
+.I edited.
+If the last line of the input file is missing the trailing
+newline character, it will be supplied and a complaint will be issued.
+This command leaves the current line `\fB.\fR' at the last line read.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd If executed from within
+.I open
+or
+.I visual,
+the current line is initially the first line of the file.
+.FE
+.LC
+\fBe!\fR \fIfile\fR
+.ZP
+The variant form suppresses the complaint about modifications having
+been made and not written from the editor buffer, thus
+discarding all changes which have been made before editing the new file.
+.LC
+\fBe\fR \fB+\fIn\fR \fIfile\fR
+.ZP
+Causes the editor to begin at line
+.I n
+rather than at the last line;
+\fIn\fR may also be an editor command containing no spaces, e.g.: ``+/pat''.
+.LC
+\fBfile\fR	abbr: \fBf\fR
+.ZP
+Prints the current file name,
+whether it has been `[Modified]' since the last
+.I write 
+command,
+whether it is
+.I "read only" ,
+the current line,
+the number of lines in the buffer,
+and the percentage of the way through the buffer of the current line.*
+.FS
+* In the rare case that the current file is `[Not edited]' this is
+noted also; in this case you have to use the form \fBw!\fR to write to
+the file, since the editor is not sure that a \fBwrite\fR will not
+destroy a file unrelated to the current contents of the buffer.
+.FE
+.LC
+\fBfile\fR \fIfile\fR
+.ZP
+The current file name is changed to
+.I file
+which is considered 
+`[Not edited]'.
+.LC
+( 1 , $ ) \fBglobal\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIcmds\fR	abbr: \fBg\fR
+.ZP
+First marks each line among those specified which matches
+the given regular expression.
+Then the given command list is executed with `\fB.\fR' initially
+set to each marked line.
+.IP
+The command list consists of the remaining commands on the current
+input line and may continue to multiple lines by ending all but the
+last such line with a `\e'.
+If
+.I cmds
+(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) is omitted, each line matching
+.I pat
+is printed.
+.I Append,
+.I insert,
+and
+.I change
+commands and associated input are permitted;
+the `\fB.\fR' terminating input may be omitted if it would be on the
+last line of the command list.
+.I Open
+and
+.I visual
+commands are permitted in the command list and take input from the terminal.
+.IP
+The
+.I global
+command itself may not appear in
+.I cmds.
+The
+.I undo
+command is also not permitted there,
+as
+.I undo
+instead can be used to reverse the entire
+.I global
+command.
+The options
+.I autoprint
+and
+.I autoindent
+are inhibited during a
+.I global,
+(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) and the value of the
+.I report
+option is temporarily infinite,
+in deference to a \fIreport\fR for the entire global.
+Finally, the context mark `\'\'' is set to the value of
+`.' before the global command begins and is not changed during a global
+command,
+except perhaps by an
+.I open
+or
+.I visual
+within the
+.I global.
+.LC
+\fBg!\fR \fB/\fIpat\fB/\fR \fIcmds\fR	abbr: \fBv\fR
+.IP
+The variant form of \fIglobal\fR runs \fIcmds\fR at each line not matching
+\fIpat\fR.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR )\|\fBinsert\fR	abbr: \fBi\fR
+.br
+\fItext\fR
+.br
+\&\fB.\fR
+.ZP
+Places the given text before the specified line.
+The current line is left at the last line input;
+if there were none input it is left at the line before the addressed line.
+This command differs from
+.I append
+only in the placement of text.
+.KS
+.LC
+\fBi!\fR
+.br
+\fItext\fR
+.br
+\&\fB.\fR
+.ZP
+The variant toggles
+.I autoindent
+during the
+.I insert.
+.KE
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR+1 ) \fBjoin\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBj\fR
+.ZP
+Places the text from a specified range of lines
+together on one line.
+White space is adjusted at each junction to provide at least
+one blank character, two if there was a `\fB.\fR' at the end of the line,
+or none if the first following character is a `)'.
+If there is already white space at the end of the line,
+then the white space at the start of the next line will be discarded.
+.LC
+\fBj!\fR
+.ZP
+The variant causes a simpler
+.I join
+with no white space processing; the characters in the lines are simply
+concatenated.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBk\fR \fIx\fR
+.ZP
+The
+.I k
+command is a synonym for
+.I mark.
+It does not require a blank or tab before the following letter.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBlist\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
+.ZP
+Prints the specified lines in a more unambiguous way:
+tabs are printed as `^I'
+and the end of each line is marked with a trailing `$'.
+The current line is left at the last line printed.
+.LC
+\fBmap\fR \fIlhs\fR \fIrhs\fR
+.ZP
+The
+.I map
+command is used to define macros for use in
+.I visual
+mode.
+.I Lhs
+should be a single character, or the sequence ``#n'', for n a digit,
+referring to function key \fIn\fR.  When this character or function key
+is typed in
+.I visual
+mode, it will be as though the corresponding \fIrhs\fR had been typed.
+On terminals without function keys, you can type ``#n''.
+See section 6.9 of the ``Introduction to Display Editing with Vi''
+for more details.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBmark\fR \fIx\fR
+.ZP
+Gives the specified line mark
+.I x,
+a single lower case letter.
+The
+.I x
+must be preceded by a blank or a tab.
+The addressing form `\'x' then addresses this line.
+The current line is not affected by this command.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBmove\fR \fIaddr\fR	abbr: \fBm\fR
+.ZP
+The
+.I move
+command repositions the specified lines to be after
+.I addr .
+The first of the moved lines becomes the current line.
+.LC
+\fBnext\fR	abbr: \fBn\fR
+.ZP
+The next file from the command line argument list is edited.
+.LC
+\fBn!\fR
+.ZP
+The variant suppresses warnings about the modifications to the buffer not
+having been written out, discarding (irretrievably) any changes which may
+have been made.
+.LC
+\fBn\fR \fIfilelist\fR
+.br
+\fBn\fR \fB+\fIcommand\fR \fIfilelist\fR
+.ZP
+The specified
+.I filelist
+is expanded and the resulting list replaces the
+current argument list;
+the first file in the new list is then edited.
+If
+.I command
+is given (it must contain no spaces), then it is executed after editing the first such file.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBnumber\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fB#\fR or \fBnu\fR
+.ZP
+Prints each specified line preceded by its buffer line
+number.
+The current line is left at the last line printed.
+.KS
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBo\fR
+.br
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIflags\fR
+.ZP
+Enters intraline editing \fIopen\fR mode at each addressed line.
+If
+.I pat
+is given,
+then the cursor will be placed initially at the beginning of the
+string matched by the pattern.
+To exit this mode use Q.
+See
+.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
+for more details.
+.KE
+.LC
+\fBpreserve\fR
+.ZP
+The current editor buffer is saved as though the system had just crashed.
+This command is for use only in emergencies when a
+.I write
+command has resulted in an error and you don't know how to save your work.
+After a
+.I preserve
+you should seek help.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBprint\fR \fIcount\fR	abbr: \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR
+.ZP
+Prints the specified lines
+with non-printing characters printed as control characters `^\fIx\fR\|';
+delete (octal 177) is represented as `^?'.
+The current line is left at the last line printed.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR )\|\fBput\fR \fIbuffer\fR	abbr: \fBpu\fR
+.ZP
+Puts back
+previously
+.I deleted
+or
+.I yanked
+lines.
+Normally used with
+.I delete
+to effect movement of lines,
+or with
+.I yank
+to effect duplication of lines.
+If no
+.I buffer
+is specified, then the last
+.I deleted
+or
+.I yanked
+text is restored.*
+.FS
+* But no modifying commands may intervene between the
+.I delete
+or
+.I yank
+and the
+.I put,
+nor may lines be moved between files without using a named buffer.
+.FE
+By using a named buffer, text may be restored that was saved there at any
+previous time.
+.LC
+\fBquit\fR	abbr: \fBq\fR
+.ZP
+Causes 
+.I ex
+to terminate.
+No automatic write of the editor buffer to a file is performed.
+However,
+.I ex
+issues a warning message if the file has changed
+since the last
+.I write
+command was issued, and does not
+.I quit.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg \fIEx\fR
+will also issue a diagnostic if there are more files in the argument
+list.
+.FE
+Normally, you will wish to save your changes, and you 
+should give a \fIwrite\fR command;
+if you wish to discard them, use the \fBq!\fR command variant.
+.LC
+\fBq!\fR
+.ZP
+Quits from the editor, discarding changes to the buffer without complaint.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBread\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBr\fR
+.ZP
+Places a copy of the text of the given file in the
+editing buffer after the specified line.
+If no 
+.I file
+is given the current file name is used.
+The current file name is not changed unless there is none in which
+case
+.I file
+becomes the current name.
+The sensibility restrictions for the 
+.I edit
+command apply here also.
+If the file buffer is empty and there is no current name then
+.I ex
+treats this as an
+.I edit
+command.
+.IP
+Address `0' is legal for this command and causes the file to be read at
+the beginning of the buffer.
+Statistics are given as for the 
+.I edit
+command when the 
+.I read
+successfully terminates.
+After a
+.I read
+the current line is the last line read.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd Within
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+the current line is set to the first line read rather than the last.
+.FE
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBread\fR  \fB!\fR\fIcommand\fR
+.ZP
+Reads the output of the command
+.I command
+into the buffer after the specified line.
+This is not a variant form of the command, rather a read
+specifying a
+.I command
+rather than a 
+.I filename;
+a blank or tab before the \fB!\fR is mandatory.
+.LC
+\fBrecover \fIfile\fR
+.ZP
+Recovers
+.I file
+from the system save area.
+Used after a accidental hangup of the phone**
+.FS
+** The system saves a copy of the file you were editing only if you
+have made changes to the file.
+.FE
+or a system crash** or
+.I preserve
+command.
+Except when you use
+.I preserve
+you will be notified by mail when a file is saved.
+.LC
+\fBrewind\fR	abbr: \fBrew\fR
+.ZP
+The argument list is rewound, and the first file in the list is edited.
+.LC
+\fBrew!\fR
+.ZP
+Rewinds the argument list discarding any changes made to the current buffer.
+.LC
+\fBset\fR \fIparameter\fR
+.ZP
+With no arguments, prints those options whose values have been
+changed from their defaults;
+with parameter
+.I all
+it prints all of the option values.
+.IP
+Giving an option name followed by a `?'
+causes the current value of that option to be printed.
+The `?' is unnecessary unless the option is Boolean valued.
+Boolean options are given values either by the form
+`set \fIoption\fR' to turn them on or
+`set no\fIoption\fR' to turn them off;
+string and numeric options are assigned via the form
+`set \fIoption\fR=value'.
+.IP
+More than one parameter may be given to 
+.I set \|;
+they are interpreted left-to-right.
+.LC
+\fBshell\fR	abbr: \fBsh\fR
+.IP
+A new shell is created.
+When it terminates, editing resumes.
+.LC
+\fBsource\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBso\fR
+.IP
+Reads and executes commands from the specified file.
+.I Source
+commands may be nested.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBsubstitute\fR /\fIpat\fR\|/\fIrepl\fR\|/ \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBs\fR
+.IP
+On each specified line, the first instance of pattern
+.I pat
+is replaced by replacement pattern
+.I repl.
+If the
+.I global
+indicator option character `g'
+appears, then all instances are substituted;
+if the
+.I confirm
+indication character `c' appears,
+then before each substitution the line to be substituted
+is typed with the string to be substituted marked
+with `\(ua' characters.
+By typing an `y' one can cause the substitution to be performed,
+any other input causes no change to take place.
+After a
+.I substitute
+the current line is the last line substituted.
+.IP
+Lines may be split by substituting
+new-line characters into them.
+The newline in
+.I repl
+must be escaped by preceding it with a `\e'.
+Other metacharacters available in
+.I pat
+and
+.I repl
+are described below.
+.LC
+.B stop
+.ZP
+Suspends the editor, returning control to the top level shell.
+If
+.I autowrite
+is set and there are unsaved changes,
+a write is done first unless the form
+.B stop !
+is used.
+This commands is only available where supported by the teletype driver
+and operating system.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBsubstitute\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBs\fR
+.ZP
+If
+.I pat
+and
+.I repl
+are omitted, then the last substitution is repeated.
+This is a synonym for the
+.B &
+command.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBt\fR \fIaddr\fR \fIflags\fR
+.ZP
+The
+.I t
+command is a synonym for 
+.I copy .
+.LC
+\fBta\fR \fItag\fR
+.ZP
+The focus of editing switches to the location of
+.I tag,
+switching to a different line in the current file where it is defined,
+or if necessary to another file.\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd If you have modified the current file before giving a
+.I tag
+command, you must write it out; giving another
+.I tag
+command, specifying no
+.I tag
+will reuse the previous tag.
+.FE
+.IP
+The tags file is normally created by a program such as
+.I ctags,
+and consists of a number of lines with three fields separated by blanks
+or tabs.  The first field gives the name of the tag,
+the second the name of the file where the tag resides, and the third
+gives an addressing form which can be used by the editor to find the tag;
+this field is usually a contextual scan using `/\fIpat\fR/' to be immune
+to minor changes in the file.  Such scans are always performed as if
+.I nomagic
+was set.
+.PP
+The tag names in the tags file must be sorted alphabetically.
+.LC
+\fBunabbreviate\fR \fIword\fP	abbr: \fBuna\fP
+.ZP
+Delete
+.I word
+from the list of abbreviations.
+.LC
+\fBundo\fR	abbr: \fBu\fR
+.ZP
+Reverses the changes made in the buffer by the last
+buffer editing command.
+Note that
+.I global
+commands are considered a single command for the purpose of 
+.I undo
+(as are
+.I open
+and
+.I visual.)
+Also, the commands
+.I write
+and
+.I edit
+which interact with the
+file system cannot be undone.
+.I Undo
+is its own inverse.
+.IP
+.I Undo
+always marks the previous value of the current line `\fB.\fR'
+as `\'\''.
+After an
+.I undo
+the current line is the first line restored
+or the line before the first line deleted if no lines were restored.
+For commands with more global effect
+such as
+.I global
+and
+.I visual
+the current line regains it's pre-command value after an
+.I undo.
+.LC
+\fBunmap\fR \fIlhs\fR
+.ZP
+The macro expansion associated by
+.I map
+for
+.I lhs
+is removed.
+.LC
+( 1 , $ ) \fBv\fR /\fIpat\fR\|/ \fIcmds\fR
+.ZP
+A synonym for the
+.I global
+command variant \fBg!\fR, running the specified \fIcmds\fR on each
+line which does not match \fIpat\fR.
+.LC
+\fBversion\fR	abbr: \fBve\fR
+.ZP
+Prints the current version number of the editor
+as well as the date the editor was last changed.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBvisual\fR \fItype\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBvi\fR
+.ZP
+Enters visual mode at the specified line.
+.I Type
+is optional and may be `\-' , `\(ua' or `\fB.\fR'
+as in the
+.I z
+command to specify the placement of the specified line on the screen.
+By default, if
+.I type
+is omitted, the specified line is placed as the first on the screen.
+A
+.I count
+specifies an initial window size; the default is the value of the option
+.I window.
+See the document
+.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
+for more details.
+To exit this mode, type Q.
+.LC
+\fBvisual\fP file
+.br
+\fBvisual\fP +\fIn\fP file
+.ZP
+From visual mode,
+this command is the same as edit.
+.LC
+( 1 , $ ) \fBwrite\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBw\fR
+.ZP
+Writes changes made back to \fIfile\fR, printing the number of lines and
+characters written.
+Normally \fIfile\fR is omitted and the text goes back where it came from.
+If a \fIfile\fR is specified, then text will be written to that file.*
+.FS
+* The editor writes to a file only if it is
+the current file and is
+.I edited ,
+if the file does not exist,
+or if the file is actually a teletype,
+.I /dev/tty,
+.I /dev/null.
+Otherwise, you must give the variant form \fBw!\fR to force the write.
+.FE
+If the file does not exist it is created.
+The current file name is changed only if there is no current file
+name; the current line is never changed.
+.IP
+If an error occurs while writing the current and
+.I edited
+file, the editor
+considers that there has been ``No write since last change''
+even if the buffer had not previously been modified.
+.LC
+( 1 , $ ) \fBwrite>>\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBw>>\fR
+.ZP
+Writes the buffer contents at the end of
+an existing file.
+.IP
+.LC
+\fBw!\fR \fIname\fR
+.ZP
+Overrides the checking of the normal \fIwrite\fR command,
+and will write to any file which the system permits.
+.LC
+( 1 , $ ) \fBw\fR  \fB!\fR\fIcommand\fR
+.ZP
+Writes the specified lines into 
+.I command.
+Note the difference between \fBw!\fR which overrides checks and
+\fBw\ \ !\fR which writes to a command.
+.LC
+\fBwq\fR \fIname\fR
+.ZP
+Like a \fIwrite\fR and then a \fIquit\fR command.
+.LC
+\fBwq!\fR \fIname\fR
+.ZP
+The variant overrides checking on the sensibility of the
+.I write
+command, as \fBw!\fR does.
+.LC
+\fBxit\fP \fIname\fR
+.ZP
+If any changes have been made and not written, writes the buffer out.
+Then, in any case, quits.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fByank\fR \fIbuffer\fR \fIcount\fR	abbr: \fBya\fR
+.ZP
+Places the specified lines in the named
+.I buffer,
+for later retrieval via
+.I put.
+If no buffer name is specified, the lines go to a more volatile place;
+see the \fIput\fR command description.
+.LC
+( \fB.+1\fR ) \fBz\fR \fIcount\fR
+.ZP
+Print the next \fIcount\fR lines, default \fIwindow\fR.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR ) \fBz\fR \fItype\fR \fIcount\fR
+.ZP
+Prints a window of text with the specified line at the top.
+If \fItype\fR is `\-' the line is placed at the bottom; a `\fB.\fR' causes
+the line to be placed in the center.*
+A count gives the number of lines to be displayed rather than
+double the number specified by the \fIscroll\fR option.
+On a \s-2CRT\s0 the screen is cleared before display begins unless a
+count which is less than the screen size is given.
+The current line is left at the last line printed.
+.FS
+* Forms `z=' and `z\(ua' also exist; `z=' places the current line in the
+center, surrounds it with lines of `\-' characters and leaves the current
+line at this line.  The form `z\(ua' prints the window before `z\-'
+would.  The characters `+', `\(ua' and `\-' may be repeated for cumulative
+effect.
+On some v2 editors, no
+.I type
+may be given.
+.FE
+.LC
+\fB!\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
+.ZP
+The remainder of the line after the `!' character is sent to a shell
+to be executed.
+Within the text of
+.I command
+the characters 
+`%' and `#' are expanded as in filenames and the character
+`!' is replaced with the text of the previous command.
+Thus, in particular,
+`!!' repeats the last such shell escape.
+If any such expansion is performed, the expanded line will be echoed.
+The current line is unchanged by this command.
+.IP
+If there has been ``[No\ write]'' of the buffer contents since the last
+change to the editing buffer, then a diagnostic will be printed
+before the command is executed as a warning.
+A single `!' is printed when the command completes.
+.LC
+( \fIaddr\fR , \fIaddr\fR ) \fB!\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
+.ZP
+Takes the specified address range and supplies it as
+standard input to
+.I command;
+the resulting output then replaces the input lines.
+.LC
+( $ ) \fB=\fR
+.ZP
+Prints the line number of the
+addressed line.
+The current line is unchanged.
+.KS
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB>\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
+.br
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB<\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
+.IP
+Perform intelligent shifting on the specified lines;
+\fB<\fR shifts left and \fB>\fR shift right.
+The quantity of shift is determined by the
+.I shiftwidth
+option and the repetition of the specification character.
+Only white space (blanks and tabs) is shifted;
+no non-white characters are discarded in a left-shift.
+The current line becomes the last line which changed due to the
+shifting.
+.KE
+.LC
+\fB^D\fR
+.ZP
+An end-of-file from a terminal input scrolls through the file.
+The
+.I scroll
+option specifies the size of the scroll, normally a half screen of text.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR+1 , \fB.\fR+1 )
+.br
+( \fB.\fR+1 , \fB.\fR+1 ) |
+.ZP
+An address alone causes the addressed lines to be printed.
+A blank line prints the next line in the file.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB&\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
+.ZP
+Repeats the previous
+.I substitute
+command.
+.LC
+( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB\s+2~\s0\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
+.ZP
+Replaces the previous regular expression with the previous
+replacement pattern from a substitution.
+.NH 1
+Regular expressions and substitute replacement patterns
+.NH 2
+Regular expressions
+.PP
+A regular expression specifies a set of strings of characters.
+A member of this set of strings is said to be
+.I matched
+by the regular expression.
+.I Ex
+remembers two previous regular expressions:
+the previous regular expression used in a
+.I substitute
+command
+and the previous regular expression used elsewhere
+(referred to as the previous \fIscanning\fR regular expression.)
+The previous regular expression
+can always be referred to by a null \fIre\fR, e.g. `//' or `??'.
+.NH 2
+Magic and nomagic
+.PP
+The regular expressions allowed by
+.I ex 
+are constructed in one of two ways depending on the setting of
+the
+.I magic
+option.
+The
+.I ex
+and
+.I vi
+default setting of
+.I magic
+gives quick access to a powerful set of regular expression
+metacharacters.
+The disadvantage of
+.I magic
+is that the user must remember that these metacharacters are
+.I magic
+and precede them with the character `\e'
+to use them as ``ordinary'' characters.
+With
+.I nomagic,
+the default for
+.I edit,
+regular expressions are much simpler,
+there being only two metacharacters.
+The power of the other metacharacters is still available by preceding
+the (now) ordinary character with a `\e'.
+Note that `\e' is thus always a metacharacter.
+.PP
+The remainder of the discussion of regular expressions assumes
+that
+that the setting of this option is
+.I magic.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg To discern what is true with
+.I nomagic
+it suffices to remember that the only
+special characters in this case will be `\(ua' at the beginning
+of a regular expression,
+`$' at the end of a regular expression,
+and `\e'.
+With
+.I nomagic
+the characters `\s+2~\s0' and `&' also lose their special meanings
+related to the replacement pattern of a substitute.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Basic regular expression summary
+.PP
+The following basic constructs are used to construct
+.I magic
+mode regular expressions.
+.IP \fIchar\fR 15
+An ordinary character matches itself.
+The characters `\(ua' at the beginning of a line,
+`$' at the end of line,
+`*' as any character other than the first,
+`.', `\e', `[', and `\s+2~\s0' are not ordinary characters and
+must be escaped (preceded) by `\e' to be treated as such.
+.IP \fB\(ua\fR
+At the beginning of a pattern
+forces the match to succeed only at the beginning of a line.
+.IP \fB$\fR
+At the end of a regular expression forces the match to
+succeed only at the end of the line.
+.IP \&\fB.\fR
+Matches any single character except
+the new-line character.
+.IP \fB\e<\fR
+Forces the match
+to occur only at the beginning of a ``variable'' or ``word'';
+that is, either at the beginning of a line, or just before
+a letter, digit, or underline and after a character not one of
+these.
+.IP \fB\e>\fR
+Similar to `\e<', but matching the end of a ``variable''
+or ``word'', i.e. either the end of the line or before character
+which is neither a letter, nor a digit, nor the underline character.
+.IP \fB[\fIstring\fR]\fR
+Matches any (single) character in the class defined by
+.I string.
+Most characters in
+.I string
+define themselves.
+A pair of characters separated by `\-' in
+.I string
+defines the set of characters collating between the specified lower and upper
+bounds, thus `[a\-z]' as a regular expression matches
+any (single) lower-case letter.
+If the first character of
+.I string
+is an `\(ua' then the construct
+matches those characters which it otherwise would not;
+thus `[\(uaa\-z]' matches anything but a lower-case letter (and of course a
+newline).
+To place any of the characters
+`\(ua', `[', or `\-' in
+.I string
+you must escape them with a preceding `\e'.
+.NH 2
+Combining regular expression primitives
+.PP
+The concatenation of two regular expressions matches the leftmost and
+then longest string
+which can be divided with the first piece matching the first regular
+expression and the second piece matching the second.
+Any of the (single character matching) regular expressions mentioned
+above may be followed by the character `*' to form a regular expression
+which matches any number of adjacent occurrences (including 0) of characters
+matched by the regular expression it follows.
+.PP
+The character `\s+2~\s0' may be used in a regular expression,
+and matches the text which defined the replacement part
+of the last
+.I substitute
+command.
+A regular expression may be enclosed between the sequences
+`\e(' and `\e)' with side effects in the
+.I substitute
+replacement patterns.
+.NH 2
+Substitute replacement patterns
+.PP
+The basic metacharacters for the replacement pattern are
+`&' and `~'; these are
+given as `\e&' and `\e~' when
+.I nomagic
+is set.
+Each instance of `&' is replaced by the characters
+which the regular expression matched.
+The metacharacter `~' stands, in the replacement pattern,
+for the defining text of the previous replacement pattern.
+.PP
+Other metasequences possible in the replacement pattern
+are always introduced by the escaping character `\e'.
+The sequence `\e\fIn\fR' is replaced by the text matched
+by the \fIn\fR-th regular subexpression enclosed between
+`\e(' and `\e)'.\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg When nested, parenthesized subexpressions are present,
+\fIn\fR is determined by counting occurrences of `\e(' starting from the left.
+.FE
+The sequences `\eu' and `\el' cause the immediately following character in
+the replacement to be converted to upper- or lower-case respectively
+if this character is a letter.
+The sequences `\eU' and `\eL' turn such conversion on, either until
+`\eE' or `\ee' is encountered, or until the end of the replacement pattern.
+.de LC
+.br
+.sp .1i
+.ne 4
+.LP
+.ta 3i
+..
+.NH 1
+Option descriptions
+.PP
+.LC
+\fBautoindent\fR, \fBai\fR	default: noai
+.ZP
+Can be used to ease the preparation of structured program text.
+At the beginning of each
+.I append ,
+.I change
+or
+.I insert
+command
+or when a new line is
+.I opened
+or created by an
+.I append ,
+.I change ,
+.I insert ,
+or
+.I substitute
+operation within
+.I open
+or
+.I visual
+mode,
+.I ex
+looks at the line being appended after,
+the first line changed
+or the line inserted before and calculates the amount of white space
+at the start of the line.
+It then aligns the cursor at the level of indentation so determined.
+.IP
+If the user then types lines of text in,
+they will continue to be justified at the displayed indenting level.
+If more white space is typed at the beginning of a line,
+the following line will start aligned with the first non-white character
+of the previous line.
+To back the cursor up to the preceding tab stop one can hit
+\fB^D\fR.
+The tab stops going backwards are defined at multiples of the
+.I shiftwidth
+option.
+You
+.I cannot
+backspace over the indent,
+except by sending an end-of-file with a \fB^D\fR.
+.IP
+Specially processed in this mode is a line with no characters added
+to it, which turns into a completely blank line (the white
+space provided for the
+.I autoindent
+is discarded.)
+Also specially processed in this mode are lines beginning with
+an `\(ua' and immediately followed by a \fB^D\fR.
+This causes the input to be repositioned at the beginning of the line,
+but retaining the previous indent for the next line.
+Similarly, a `0' followed by a \fB^D\fR
+repositions at the beginning but without
+retaining the previous indent.
+.IP
+.I Autoindent
+doesn't happen in
+.I global
+commands or when the input is not a terminal.
+.LC
+\fBautoprint\fR, \fBap\fR	default: ap
+.ZP
+Causes the current line to be printed after each
+.I delete ,
+.I copy ,
+.I join ,
+.I move ,
+.I substitute ,
+.I t ,
+.I undo
+or
+shift command.
+This has the same effect as supplying a trailing `p'
+to each such command.
+.I Autoprint
+is suppressed in globals,
+and only applies to the last of many commands on a line.
+.LC
+\fBautowrite\fR, \fBaw\fR	default: noaw
+.ZP
+Causes the contents of the buffer to be written to the current file
+if you have modified it and give a
+.I next,
+.I rewind,
+.I stop,
+.I tag,
+or
+.I !
+command, or a \fB^\(ua\fR (switch files) or \fB^]\fR (tag goto) command
+in
+.I visual.
+Note, that the
+.I edit
+and
+.I ex
+commands do
+.B not
+autowrite.
+In each case, there is an equivalent way of switching when autowrite
+is set to avoid the
+.I autowrite
+(\fIedit\fR
+for
+.I next ,
+.I rewind!
+for .I rewind ,
+.I stop!
+for
+.I stop ,
+.I tag!
+for
+.I tag ,
+.I shell
+for
+.I ! ,
+and
+\fB:e\ #\fR and a \fB:ta!\fR command from within
+.I visual).
+.LC
+\fBbeautify\fR, \fBbf\fR	default: nobeautify
+.ZP
+Causes all control characters except tab, newline and form-feed
+to be discarded from the input.
+A complaint is registered the first time a
+backspace character is discarded.
+.I Beautify
+does not apply to command input.
+.LC
+\fBdirectory\fR, \fBdir\fR	default: dir=/tmp
+.ZP
+Specifies the directory in which
+.I ex
+places its buffer file.
+If this directory in not
+writable, then the editor will exit abruptly when it fails to be
+able to create its buffer there.
+.LC
+\fBedcompatible\fR	default: noedcompatible
+.ZP
+Causes the presence of absence of
+.B g
+and
+.B c
+suffixes on substitute commands to be remembered, and to be toggled
+by repeating the suffices.  The suffix
+.B r
+makes the substitution be as in the
+.I ~
+command, instead of like
+.I &.
+.LC
+\fBerrorbells\fR, \fBeb\fR	default: noeb
+.ZP
+Error messages are preceded by a bell.*
+.FS
+* Bell ringing in
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+on errors is not suppressed by setting
+.I noeb.
+.FE
+If possible the editor always places the error message in a standout mode of the
+terminal (such as inverse video) instead of ringing the bell.
+.LC
+\fBhardtabs\fR, \fBht\fR	default: ht=8
+.ZP
+Gives the boundaries on which terminal hardware tabs are set (or
+on which the system expands tabs).
+.LC
+\fBignorecase\fR, \fBic\fR	default: noic
+.ZP
+All upper case characters in the text are mapped to lower case in regular
+expression matching.
+In addition, all upper case characters in regular expressions are mapped
+to lower case except in character class specifications.
+.LC
+\fBlisp\fR	default: nolisp
+.ZP
+\fIAutoindent\fR indents appropriately for
+.I lisp
+code, and the \fB( ) { } [[\fR and \fB]]\fR commands in
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+are modified to have meaning for \fIlisp\fR.
+.LC
+\fBlist\fR	default: nolist
+.ZP
+All printed lines will be displayed (more) unambiguously,
+showing tabs and end-of-lines as in the
+.I list
+command.
+.LC
+\fBmagic\fR	default: magic for \fIex\fR and \fIvi\fR\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg \fINomagic\fR for \fIedit\fR.
+.FE
+.ZP
+If
+.I nomagic
+is set, the number of regular expression metacharacters is greatly reduced,
+with only `\(ua' and `$' having special effects.
+In addition the metacharacters
+`~'
+and
+`&'
+of the replacement pattern are treated as normal characters.
+All the normal metacharacters may be made
+.I magic
+when
+.I nomagic
+is set by preceding them with a `\e'.
+.LC
+\fBmesg\fR	default: mesg
+.ZP
+Causes write permission to be turned off to the terminal
+while you are in visual mode, if
+.I nomesg
+is set.
+.LC
+\fBmodeline\fR	default: nomodeline
+.ZP
+If
+.I modeline
+is set, then the first 5 lines and the last five lines of the file
+will be checked for ex command lines and the comands issued.
+To be recognized as a command line, the line must have the string
+.B ex:
+or
+.B vi:
+preceeded by a tab or a space.  This string may be anywhere in the
+line and anything after the 
+.I :
+is interpeted as editor commands.  This option defaults to off because
+of unexpected behavior when editting files such as
+.I /etc/passwd.
+.LC
+\fBnumber, nu\fR	default: nonumber
+.ZP
+Causes all output lines to be printed with their
+line numbers.
+In addition each input line will be prompted for by supplying the line number
+it will have.
+.LC
+\fBopen\fR	default: open
+.ZP
+If \fInoopen\fR, the commands
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+are not permitted.
+This is set for
+.I edit
+to prevent confusion resulting from accidental entry to 
+open or visual mode.
+.LC
+\fBoptimize, opt\fR	default: optimize
+.ZP
+Throughput of text is expedited by setting the terminal
+to not do automatic carriage returns
+when printing more than one (logical) line of output,
+greatly speeding output on terminals without addressable
+cursors when text with leading white space is printed.
+.LC
+\fBparagraphs,\ para\fR	default: para=IPLPPPQPP\0LIbp
+.ZP
+Specifies the paragraphs for the \fB{\fR and \fB}\fR operations in
+.I open
+and 
+.I visual.
+The pairs of characters in the option's value are the names
+of the macros which start paragraphs.
+.LC
+\fBprompt\fR	default: prompt
+.ZP
+Command mode input is prompted for with a `:'.
+.LC
+\fBredraw\fR	default: noredraw
+.ZP
+The editor simulates (using great amounts of output), an intelligent
+terminal on a dumb terminal (e.g. during insertions in
+.I visual
+the characters to the right of the cursor position are refreshed
+as each input character is typed.)
+Useful only at very high speed.
+.LC
+\fBremap\fP	default: remap
+.ZP
+If on, macros are repeatedly tried until they are unchanged.
+For example, if
+.B o
+is mapped to
+.B O ,
+and
+.B O
+is mapped to
+.B I ,
+then if
+.I remap
+is set,
+.B o
+will map to
+.B I ,
+but if
+.I noremap
+is set, it will map to
+.B O .
+.LC
+\fBreport\fR	default: report=5\(dg
+.FS
+\(dg 2 for \fIedit\fR.
+.FE
+.ZP
+Specifies a threshold for feedback from commands.
+Any command which modifies more than the specified number of lines
+will provide feedback as to the scope of its changes.
+For commands such as
+.I global ,
+.I open ,
+.I undo ,
+and
+.I visual
+which have potentially more far reaching scope,
+the net change in the number of lines in the buffer is
+presented at the end of the command, subject to this same threshold.
+Thus notification is suppressed during a
+.I global
+command on the individual commands performed.
+.LC
+\fBscroll\fR	default: scroll=\(12 window
+.ZP
+Determines the number of logical lines scrolled when an end-of-file
+is received from a terminal input in command mode,
+and the number of lines printed by a command mode
+.I z
+command (double the value of
+.I scroll ).
+.LC
+\fBsections\fR	default: sections=SHNHH\0HU
+.ZP
+Specifies the section macros for the \fB[[\fR and \fB]]\fR operations
+in
+.I open
+and
+.I visual.
+The pairs of characters in the options's value are the names
+of the macros which start paragraphs.
+.LC
+\fBshell\fR, \fBsh\fR	default: sh=/bin/sh
+.ZP
+Gives the path name of the shell forked for 
+the shell escape command `!', and by the
+.I shell
+command.
+The default is taken from SHELL in the environment, if present.
+.LC
+\fBshiftwidth\fR, \fBsw\fR	default: sw=8
+.ZP
+Gives the width a software tab stop,
+used in reverse tabbing with \fB^D\fR when using
+.I autoindent
+to append text,
+and by the shift commands.
+.LC
+\fBshowmatch, sm\fR	default: nosm
+.ZP
+In
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+mode, when a \fB)\fR or \fB}\fR is typed, move the cursor to the matching
+\fB(\fR or \fB{\fR for one second if this matching character is on the
+screen.  Extremely useful with
+.I lisp.
+.LC
+\fBslowopen, slow\fR	terminal dependent
+.ZP
+Affects the display algorithm used in
+.I visual
+mode, holding off display updating during input of new text to improve
+throughput when the terminal in use is both slow and unintelligent.
+See
+.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
+for more details.
+.LC
+\fBtabstop,\ ts\fR	default: ts=8
+.ZP
+The editor expands tabs in the input file to be on
+.I tabstop
+boundaries for the purposes of display.
+.LC
+\fBtaglength,\ tl\fR	default: tl=0
+.ZP
+Tags are not significant beyond this many characters.
+A value of zero (the default) means that all characters are significant.
+.LC
+\fBtags\fR	default: tags=tags /usr/lib/tags
+.ZP
+A path of files to be used as tag files for the
+.I tag
+command.
+A requested tag is searched for in the specified files, sequentially.
+By default, files called
+.B tags
+are searched for in the current directory and in /usr/lib
+(a master file for the entire system).
+.LC
+\fBterm\fR	from environment TERM
+.ZP
+The terminal type of the output device.
+.LC
+\fBterse\fR	default: noterse
+.ZP
+Shorter error diagnostics are produced for the experienced user.
+.LC
+\fBwarn\fR	default: warn
+.ZP
+Warn if there has been `[No write since last change]' before a `!'
+command escape.
+.LC
+\fBwindow\fR	default: window=speed dependent
+.ZP
+The number of lines in a text window in the
+.I visual
+command.
+The default is 8 at slow speeds (600 baud or less),
+16 at medium speed (1200 baud),
+and the full screen (minus one line) at higher speeds.
+.LC
+\fBw300,\ w1200\, w9600\fR
+.ZP
+These are not true options but set
+.B window
+only if the speed is slow (300), medium (1200), or high (9600),
+respectively.
+They are suitable for an EXINIT
+and make it easy to change the 8/16/full screen rule.
+.LC
+\fBwrapscan\fR, \fBws\fR	default: ws
+.ZP
+Searches using the regular expressions in addressing
+will wrap around past the end of the file.
+.LC
+\fBwrapmargin\fR, \fBwm\fR	default: wm=0
+.ZP
+Defines a margin for automatic wrapover of text during input in
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+modes.  See
+.I "An Introduction to Text Editing with Vi"
+for details.
+.LC
+\fBwriteany\fR, \fBwa\fR	default: nowa
+.IP
+Inhibit the checks normally made before
+.I write
+commands, allowing a write to any file which the system protection
+mechanism will allow.
+.NH 1
+Limitations
+.PP
+Editor limits that the user is likely to encounter are as follows:
+1024 characters per line,
+256 characters per global command list,
+128 characters per file name,
+128 characters in the previous inserted and deleted text in
+.I open
+or
+.I visual,
+100 characters in a shell escape command,
+63 characters in a string valued option,
+and 30 characters in a tag name, and
+a limit of 250000 lines in the file is silently enforced.
+.PP
+The
+.I visual
+implementation limits the number of macros defined with map to
+32, and the total number of characters in macros to be less than 512.
+.LP
+.LP
+.I Acknowledgments.
+Chuck Haley contributed greatly to the early development of
+.I ex.
+Bruce Englar encouraged the redesign which led to
+.I ex
+version 1.
+Bill Joy wrote versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7,
+and created the framework that users see in the present editor.
+Mark Horton added macros and other features and made the
+editor work on a large number of terminals and Unix systems.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.summary b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.summary
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..618da07c7420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/exref/ex.summary
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)ex.summary	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.ds p \v'-0.2'.\v'+0.2'
+.ds U \s-2UNIX\s+2
+.ds c \v'-0.2':\v'+0.2'
+.nr PO .25i
+.nr LL 6.75i
+.lt 6.75i
+.ll 6.75i
+.ds CH
+.ds LF Computing Services, U.C. Berkeley
+.ds RF April 3, 1979
+.de SP
+.sp 1v
+..
+.nr PI 3n
+.nr PD 0
+.ND
+.ps 12
+.ft B
+.ce 1
+Ex/Edit Command Summary (Version 2.0)
+.ft R
+.nr VS 11
+.nr PS 9
+.nr HM 0.5i
+.nr CW
+.2C
+.PP
+.I Ex
+and
+.I edit
+are text editors, used for creating
+and modifying files of text on the \*U
+computer system.
+.I Edit
+is a variant of
+.I ex
+with features designed to
+make it less complicated
+to learn and use.
+In terms of command syntax and effect
+the editors are essentially identical,
+and this command summary applies to both.
+.PP
+The summary is meant as a quick reference
+for users already acquainted
+with
+.I edit
+or \fIex\fP.
+Fuller explanations of the editors are available
+in the documents
+.I
+Edit: A Tutorial
+.R
+(a self-teaching introduction) and the
+.I
+Ex Reference Manual
+.R
+(the comprehensive reference source for
+both \fIedit\fP and \fIex\fP).
+Both of these writeups are available in the
+Computing Services Library.
+.PP
+In the examples included with the
+summary, commands and text entered by
+the user are printed in \fBboldface\fR to
+distinguish them from responses printed
+by the computer.
+.sp 0.45v
+.LP
+.B
+The Editor Buffer
+.PP
+In order to perform its tasks
+the editor sets aside a temporary
+work space,
+called a \fIbuffer\fR,
+separate from the user's permanent
+file.
+Before starting to work on an existing
+file the editor makes a copy of it in the
+buffer, leaving the original untouched.
+All editing changes are made to the
+buffer copy, which must then
+be written back to the permanent
+file in order to update the
+old version.
+The buffer disappears
+at the end of the editing session.
+.sp 0.45v
+.LP
+.B
+Editing: Command and Text Input Modes
+.PP
+.R
+During an editing session there are
+two usual modes of operation:
+\fIcommand\fP mode and \fItext input\fP
+mode.
+(This disregards, for the moment,
+.I open
+and
+.I visual
+modes, discussed below.)
+In command mode, the editor issues a
+colon prompt (:)
+to show that it is ready to
+accept and execute a command.
+In text input mode, on the other hand, there is
+no prompt and the editor merely accepts text to
+be added to the buffer.
+Text input mode is initiated by the commands
+\fIappend\fP, \fIinsert\fP, and \fIchange\fP,
+and is terminated by typing a period as the
+first and only character on a line.
+.sp 0.45v
+.LP
+.B
+Line Numbers and Command Syntax
+.PP
+.R
+The editor keeps track of lines of text
+in the buffer by numbering them consecutively
+starting with 1 and renumbering
+as lines are added or deleted.
+At any given time the editor is positioned
+at one of these lines; this position is
+called the \fIcurrent line\fP.
+Generally, commands that change the
+contents of the buffer print the
+new current line at the end of their
+execution.
+.PP
+Most commands can be preceded by one or two
+line-number addresses which indicate the lines
+to be affected.
+If one number is given the command operates on
+that line only; if two, on an inclusive range
+of lines.
+Commands that can take line-number prefixes also
+assume default prefixes if none are given.
+The default assumed by each command is designed
+to make it convenient to use in many instances
+without any line-number prefix.
+For the most part, a command used without a
+prefix operates on the current line,
+though exceptions to this rule should be noted.
+The \fIprint\fP command
+by itself, for instance, causes
+one line, the current line, to be
+printed at the terminal.
+.PP
+The summary shows the number of line addresses
+that can be
+prefixed to each command as well as
+the defaults assumed if they are omitted.
+For example,
+.I (.,.)
+means that up to 2 line-numbers may be given,
+and that if none is given the
+command operates on the current line.
+(In the address prefix notation, ``.'' stands
+for the current line and ``$'' stands for
+the last line of the buffer.)
+If no such notation appears, no
+line-number prefix may be used.
+.PP
+Some commands take trailing
+information;
+only
+the more important instances of this
+are mentioned in the summary.
+.sp 0.25v
+.LP
+.B
+Open and Visual Modes
+.PP
+.R
+Besides command and text input modes,
+.I ex
+and
+.I edit
+provide on some CRT terminals other modes of editing,
+.I open
+and
+.I visual .
+In these modes the cursor can
+be moved to individual words
+or characters in a line.
+The commands then given are very different
+from the standard editor commands; most do not appear on the screen when
+typed.
+.I
+An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
+.R
+provides a full discussion.
+.sp 0.25v
+.LP
+.B
+Special Characters
+.PP
+.R
+.fi
+Some characters take on special meanings
+when used in context searches
+and in patterns given to the \fIsubstitute\fP command.
+For \fIedit\fR, these are ``^'' and ``$'',
+meaning the beginning and end of a line,
+respectively.
+.I Ex
+has the following additional special characters:
+.B
+.ce 1
+\&.     &     *     [     ]     ~
+.R
+To use one of the special characters as its
+simple graphic representation
+rather than with its special meaning,
+precede it by a backslash (\\).
+The backslash always has a special meaning.
+.1C
+.rm LF
+.rm RF
+.rm CF
+.nr FM 0.4
+.TS
+cp10 cp10 cp10 cp10
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+Name	Abbr	Description	Examples
+.sp 1.75
+(.)\fBappend	a	T{
+Begins text input mode,
+adding lines to the buffer after
+the line specified. Appending continues
+until ``.'' is typed alone at the
+beginning of a new line, followed by
+a carriage return. \fI0a\fR places
+lines at the beginning of the buffer.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBa
+Three lines of text
+are added to the buffer
+after the current line.
+\*p
+.R
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBchange	c	T{
+Deletes indicated line(s) and
+initiates text input mode to
+replace them with new text which follows.
+New text is terminated the same way
+as with \fIappend\fR.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fB5,6c
+Lines 5 and 6 are
+deleted and replaced by
+these three lines.
+\*p
+.R
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBcopy \fIaddr	co	T{
+Places a copy of the specified lines
+after the line indicated by \fIaddr\fR.
+The example places a copy of lines 8 through
+12, inclusive, after line 25.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB8,12co 25
+\fRLast line copied is printed
+\fR\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBdelete	d	T{
+Removes lines from the buffer
+and prints the current line after the deletion.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB13,15d
+\fRNew current line is printed
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 0.5v
+.TS
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+T{
+\fBedit \fIfile\fP
+.br
+\fBedit! \fIfile\fP
+T}	T{
+e
+.br
+e!
+T}	T{
+.fi
+\fRClears the editor buffer and then
+copies into it the named \fIfile\fR,
+which becomes the current file.
+This is a way of shifting to a different
+file
+without leaving the editor.
+The editor issues a warning
+message if this command is used before
+saving changes
+made to the file already in the buffer;
+using the form \fBe!\fR overrides this protective mechanism.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBe ch10\fR
+No write since last change
+:\fBe! ch10\fR
+"ch10" 3 lines, 62 characters
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fBfile \fIname\fR	f	T{
+\fRIf followed by a \fIname\fR, renames
+the current file to \fIname\fR.
+If used without \fIname\fR, prints
+the name of the current file.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBf ch9
+\fR"ch9" [Modified] 3 lines ...
+:\fBf
+\fR"ch9" [Modified] 3 lines ...
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+(1,$)\fBglobal	g	\fBglobal/\fIpattern\fB/\fIcommands	T{
+.nf
+:\fBg/nonsense/d
+\fR\*c
+.fi
+T}
+\fR(1,$)\fBglobal!	g!\fR or \fBv	T{
+Searches the entire buffer (unless a smaller
+range is specified by line-number prefixes) and
+executes \fIcommands\fR on every line with
+an expression matching \fIpattern\fR.
+The second form, abbreviated
+either \fBg!\fR or \fBv\fR,
+executes \fIcommands\fR on lines that \fIdo
+not\fR contain the expression \fIpattern\fR.
+T}	\^
+.SP
+\fR(.)\fBinsert	i	T{
+Inserts new lines of text immediately before the specified line.
+Differs from
+.I append
+only in that text is placed before, rather than after, the indicated line.
+In other words, \fB1i\fR has the same effect as \fB0a\fR.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fB1i
+These lines of text will
+be added prior to line 1.
+\&.
+\fR:
+.fi
+T}	\^
+.SP
+\fR(.,.+1)\fBjoin	j	T{
+Join lines together, adjusting white space (spaces
+and tabs) as necessary.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fB2,5j\fR
+Resulting line is printed
+:
+.fi
+T}	\^
+.TE
+.bp
+.TS
+cp10 cp10 cp10 cp10
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+Name	Abbr	Description	Examples
+.sp 1.75
+\fR(.,.)\fBlist	l	T{
+\fRPrints lines in a more
+unambiguous way than the \fIprint\fR
+command does. The end of a line,
+for example, is marked with a ``$'',
+and tabs printed as ``^I''.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fB9l
+\fRThis is line 9$
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 0.5v
+.TS
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+\fR(.,.)\fBmove \fIaddr\fB	m	T{
+\fRMoves the specified lines
+to a position after the line
+indicated by \fIaddr\fR.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB12,15m 25\fR
+New current line is printed
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBnumber	nu	T{
+Prints each line preceded
+by its buffer line number.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBnu
+\0\0\fR10\0 This is line 10
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.)\fBopen	o	T{
+Too involved to discuss here,
+but if you enter open mode
+accidentally, press
+the \s-2ESC\s0 key followed by
+\fBq\fR to
+get back into normal editor
+command mode.
+\fIEdit\fP is designed to
+prevent accidental use of
+the open command.
+T}	
+.SP
+\fBpreserve	pre	T{
+Saves a copy of the current buffer contents as though the system had
+just crashed.  This is for use in an emergency when a
+.I write
+command has failed and you don't know how else to save your work.\(dg
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fBpreserve\fR
+File preserved.
+:
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBprint	p	Prints the text of line(s).	T{
+.nf
+:\fB+2,+3p\fR
+The second and third lines
+after the current line
+:
+.fi
+T}
+.TE
+.FS
+\(dg Seek assistance from a consultant as soon as possible
+after saving a file with the
+.I preserve
+command, because the file is saved on system storage space for only one week.
+.FE
+.SP
+.nf
+.TS
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+T{
+.nf
+\fBquit
+quit!
+.fi
+T}	T{
+.nf
+q
+q!
+T}	T{
+.fi
+\fREnds the editing session.
+You will receive a
+warning if you have changed the buffer
+since last writing its contents
+to the file. In this event you
+must either type \fBw\fR to write,
+or type \fBq!\fR to exit from
+the editor without saving your changes.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBq
+\fRNo write since last change
+:\fBq!
+\fR%
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.)\fBread \fIfile\fP	r	T{
+.fi
+\fRPlaces a copy of \fIfile\fR in the
+buffer after the specified line.
+Address 0 is permissible and causes
+the copy of \fIfile\fR to be placed
+at the beginning of the buffer.
+The \fIread\fP command does not
+erase any text already in the buffer.
+If no line number is specified,
+\fIfile\fR is placed after the
+current line.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB0r newfile
+\fR"newfile" 5 lines, 86 characters
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fBrecover \fIfile\fP	rec	T{
+.fi
+Retrieves a copy of the editor buffer
+after a system crash, editor crash,
+phone line disconnection, or
+\fIpreserve\fR command.
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.,.)\fBsubstitute	s	T{
+.nf
+\fBsubstitute/\fIpattern\fB/\fIreplacement\fB/
+substitute/\fIpattern\fB/\fIreplacement\fB/gc
+.fi
+\fRReplaces the first occurrence of \fIpattern\fR
+on a line
+with \fIreplacement\fP.
+Including a \fBg\fR after the command
+changes all occurrences of \fIpattern\fP
+on the line.
+The \fBc\fR option allows the user to
+confirm each substitution before it is
+made; see the manual for details.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fB3p
+\fRLine 3 contains a misstake
+:\fBs/misstake/mistake/
+\fRLine 3 contains a mistake
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.TE
+.bp
+.TS
+cp10 cp10 cp10 cp10
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+Name	Abbr	Description	Examples
+.sp 1.75
+\fBundo	u	T{
+.fi
+\fRReverses the changes made in
+the buffer by the last buffer-editing
+command.
+Note that this example contains
+a notification about the number of
+lines affected.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB1,15d
+\fR15 lines deleted
+new line number 1 is printed
+:\fBu
+\fR15 more lines in file ...
+old line number 1 is printed
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(1,$)\fBwrite \fIfile\fR	w	T{
+.fi
+\fRCopies data from the buffer onto
+a permanent file. If no \fIfile\fR
+is named, the current filename
+is used.
+The file is automatically created
+if it does not yet exist.
+A response containing the number of
+lines and characters in the file
+indicates that the write
+has been completed successfully.
+The editor's built-in protections
+against overwriting existing files
+will in some circumstances
+inhibit a write.
+The form \fBw!\fR forces the
+write, confirming that
+an existing file is to be overwritten.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fBw
+\fR"file7" 64 lines, 1122 characters
+:\fBw file8
+\fR"file8" File exists ...
+:\fBw! file8
+\fR"file8" 64 lines, 1122 characters
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+\fR(1,$)\fBwrite! \fIfile\fP	w!	\^	\^
+.TE
+.sp 0.5v
+.TS
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+\fR(.)\fBz \fIcount\fP	z	T{
+.fi
+\fRPrints a screen full of text starting
+with the line indicated;
+or, if \fIcount\fR is specified,
+prints that number of lines.
+Variants of the \fIz\fR command
+are described in the manual.
+T}	
+.SP
+\fB!\fIcommand		T{
+.fi
+Executes the remainder of the line
+after \fB!\fR as a \*U command.
+The buffer is unchanged by this, and
+control is returned to the editor when
+the execution of \fIcommand\fR is complete.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB!date
+\fRFri Jun 9 12:15:11 PDT 1978
+!
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fRcontrol-d		T{
+.fi
+Prints the next \fIscroll\fR of text,
+normally half of a screen. See the
+manual for details of the \fIscroll\fR
+option.
+T}
+.SP
+\fR(.+1)<cr>		T{
+.fi
+An address alone followed by a carriage
+return causes the line to be printed.
+A carriage return by itself prints the
+line following the current line.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+:\fR<cr>
+the line after the current line
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 0.5v
+.TS
+ltw(1.0i) lt2w(0.40i)fB ltw(3.0i) ltw(1.8i).
+\fB/\fIpattern\fB/		T{
+.fi
+\fRSearches for the next line in which
+\fIpattern\fR occurs and prints it.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB/This pattern/
+\fRThis pattern next occurs here.
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fB//		T{
+Repeats the most recent search.
+T}	T{
+.nf
+\fR:\fB//
+\fRThis pattern also occurs here.
+\*c
+.fi
+T}
+.SP
+\fB?\fIpattern\fB?		T{
+Searches in the reverse direction
+for \fIpattern\fP.
+T}	
+.SP
+\fB??		T{
+Repeats the most recent search,
+moving in the reverse direction
+through the buffer.
+T}
+.TE
+
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fd89b8e3169f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.5 (Berkeley) 7/16/94
+
+SRCS=	vi.1
+DOCS=	vi.0 vi.0.ps
+
+all: ${DOCS}
+
+vi.0: vi.1
+	groff -man -Tascii < vi.1 > $@
+vi.0.ps: vi.1
+	groff -man < vi.1 > $@
+
+clean:
+	rm -f ${DOCS}
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.0 b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.0
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e6d9972e390b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.0
@@ -0,0 +1,798 @@
+EX/VI(1)                     BSD Reference Manual                     EX/VI(1)
+
+NNAAMMEE
+     eexx,, vvii,, vviieeww - text editors
+
+SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
+     eexx [--eeFFRRrrssvv] [--cc _c_m_d] [--tt _t_a_g] [--ww _s_i_z_e] [_f_i_l_e _._._.]
+     vvii [--eeFFRRrrvv] [--cc _c_m_d] [--tt _t_a_g] [--ww _s_i_z_e] [_f_i_l_e _._._.]
+     vviieeww [--eeFFRRrrvv] [--cc _c_m_d] [--tt _t_a_g] [--ww _s_i_z_e] [_f_i_l_e _._._.]
+
+DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
+     VVii is a screen oriented text editor.  EExx is a line-oriented text editor.
+     EExx and vvii are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possi-
+     ble to switch back and forth during an edit session.  VViieeww is the equiva-
+     lent of using the --RR (read-only) option of vvii.
+
+     This manual page is the one provided with the nneexx//nnvvii versions of the
+     eexx//vvii text editors.  NNeexx//nnvvii are intended as bug-for-bug compatible re-
+     placements for the original Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
+     eexx and vvii programs.  For the rest of this manual page, nneexx//nnvvii is used
+     only when it's necessary to distinguish it from the historic implementa-
+     tions of eexx//vvii.
+
+     This manual page is intended for users already familiar with eexx//vvii. Any-
+     one else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the editor be-
+     fore this manual page.  If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and you
+     absolutely have to get work done immediately, read the section after the
+     options description, entitled ``Fast Startup''. It's probably enough to
+     get you going.
+
+     The following options are available:
+
+     --cc      Execute _c_m_d immediately after starting the edit session.  Partic-
+             ularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however _c_m_d is
+             not limited to positioning commands.  This is the POSIX 1003.2
+             interface for the historic ``+cmd'' syntax.  NNeexx//nnvvii supports
+             both the old and new syntax.
+
+     --ee      Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were eexx.
+
+     --FF      Don't copy the entire file when first starting to edit.  (The de-
+             fault is to make a copy in case someone else modifies the file
+             during your edit session.)
+
+     --RR      Start editing in read-only mode, as if the command name was vviieeww,
+             or the readonly option was set.
+
+     --rr      Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified, list
+             the files that could be recovered.  If no recoverable files by
+             the specified name exist, the file is edited as if the --rr option
+             had not been specified.
+
+     --ss      Enter batch mode; applicable only to eexx edit sessions.  Batch
+             mode is useful when running eexx scripts.  Prompts, informative
+             messages and other user oriented message are turned off, and no
+             startup files or environmental variables are read.  This is the
+             POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``-'' argument.  NNeexx//nnvvii
+             supports both the old and new syntax.
+
+     --tt      Start editing at the specified tag.  (See ctags(1)).
+
+     --ww      Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.
+
+
+
+     --vv      Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was vvii or vviieeww.
+
+     --XX      Reserved for X11 interfaces.  _N_o _X_1_1 _s_u_p_p_o_r_t _i_s _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_l_y
+             _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     Command input for eexx//vvii is read from the standard input.  In the vvii in-
+     terface, it is an error if standard input is not a terminal.  In the eexx
+     interface, if standard input is not a terminal, eexx will read commands
+     from it regardless, however, the session will be a batch mode session,
+     exactly as if the --ss option had been specified.
+
+     EExx//vvii exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.
+
+FFAASSTT SSTTAARRTTUUPP
+     This section will tell you the minimum amount that you need to do simple
+     editing tasks using vvii. If you've never used any screen editor before,
+     you're likely to have problems even with this simple introduction.  In
+     that case you should find someone that already knows vvii and have them
+     walk you through this section.
+
+     VVii is a screen editor.  This means that it takes up almost the entire
+     screen, displaying part of the file on each screen line, except for the
+     last line of the screen.  The last line of the screen is used for you to
+     give commands to vvii, and for vvii to give information to you.
+
+     The other fact that you need to understand is that vvii is a modeful edi-
+     tor, i.e. you are either entering text or you are executing commands, and
+     you have to be in the right mode to do one or the other.  You will be in
+     command mode when you first start editing a file.  There are commands
+     that switch you into input mode.  There is only one key that takes you
+     out of input mode, and that is the <escape> key.  (Key names are written
+     using less-than and greater-than signs, e.g.  <escape> means the
+     ``escape'' key, usually labeled ``esc'' on your terminal's keyboard.)  If
+     you're ever confused as to which mode you're in, keep entering the <es-
+     cape> key until vvii beeps at you.  (Generally, vvii will beep at you if you
+     try and do something that's not allowed.  It will also display error mes-
+     sages.)
+
+     To start editing a file, enter the command ``vi file_name<carriage-
+     return>''. The command you should enter as soon as you start editing is
+     ``:set verbose showmode<carriage-return>''. This will make the editor
+     give you verbose error messages and display the current mode at the bot-
+     tom of the screen.
+
+     The commands to move around the file are:
+     hh     Move the cursor left one character.
+     jj     Move the cursor down one line.
+     kk     Move the cursor up one line.
+     ll     Move the cursor right one character.
+     <<ccuurrssoorr--aarrrroowwss>>
+           The cursor arrow keys should work, too.
+     //tteexxtt<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Search for the string ``text'' in the file, and move the cursor to
+           its first character.
+
+     The commands to enter new text are:
+     aa     Append new text, _a_f_t_e_r the cursor.
+     ii     Insert new text, _b_e_f_o_r_e the cursor.
+     oo     Open a new line below the line the cursor is on, and start entering
+           text.
+     OO     Open a new line above the line the cursor is on, and start entering
+           text.
+     <<eessccaappee>>
+           Once you've entered input mode using the one of the aa, ii, OO, or oo
+           commands, use <<eessccaappee>> to quit entering text and return to command
+           mode.
+
+     The commands to copy text are:
+     yyyy    Copy the line the cursor is on.
+     pp     Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.
+
+     The commands to delete text are:
+     dddd    Delete the line the cursor is on.
+     xx     Delete the character the cursor is on.
+
+     The commands to write the file are:
+     ::ww<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Write the file back to the file with the name that you originally
+           used as an argument on the vvii command line.
+     ::ww ffiillee__nnaammee<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Write the file back to the file with the name ``file_name''.
+
+     The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:
+     ::qq<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but not
+           saved your changes, vvii will refuse to quit).
+     ::qq!!<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.
+
+     One final caution.  Unusual characters can take up more than one column
+     on the screen, and long lines can take up more than a single screen line.
+     The above commands work on ``physical'' characters and lines, i.e. they
+     affect the entire line no matter how many screen lines it takes up and
+     the entire character no matter how many screen columns it takes up.
+
+VVII CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
+     The following section describes the commands available in the command
+     mode of the vvii editor.  In each entry below, the tag line is a usage syn-
+     opsis for the command character.
+
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>>
+           Search forward count times for the current word.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>>
+           Page backwards count screens.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+           Scroll forward count lines.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--EE>>
+           Scroll forward count lines, leaving the current line and column as
+           is, if possible.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--FF>>
+           Page forward count screens.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--GG>>
+           Display the file information.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] hh
+           Move the cursor back count characters in the current line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--JJ>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--NN>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] jj
+           Move the cursor down count lines without changing the current col-
+           umn.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--LL>>
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--RR>>
+           Repaint the screen.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ++
+           Move the cursor down count lines to the first nonblank character of
+           that line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--PP>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] kk
+           Move the cursor up count lines, without changing the current col-
+
+           umn.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+           Return to the most recent tag context.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>>
+           Scroll backwards count lines.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--WW>>
+           Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
+           screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--YY>>
+           Scroll backwards count lines, leaving the current line and column
+           as is, if possible.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--ZZ>>
+           Suspend the current editor session.
+     <<eessccaappee>>
+           Execute eexx commands or cancel partial commands.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--]]>>
+           Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--^^>>
+           Switch to the most recently edited file.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] <<ssppaaccee>>
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ll
+           Move the cursor forward count characters without changing the cur-
+           rent line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] !! mmoottiioonn sshheellll--aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+           Replace text with results from a shell command.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ## ++||--||##
+           Increment or decrement the cursor number.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] $$
+           Move the cursor to the end of a line.
+     %%     Move to the matching character.
+     &&     Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
+     ''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     ``<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Return to a context marked by the character <character>.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ((
+           Back up count sentences.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ))
+           Move forward count sentences.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ,,
+           Reverse find character count times.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] --
+           Move to first nonblank of the previous line, count times.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ..
+           Repeat the last vvii command that modified text.
+     //RREE<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+     //RREE// [[ooffffsseett]]<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+     ??RREE<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+     ??RREE?? [[ooffffsseett]]<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+     NN
+     nn     Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
+     00     Move to the first character in the current line.
+     :     Execute an ex command.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ;;
+           Repeat the last character find count times.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] << mmoottiioonn
+     [[ccoouunntt]] >> mmoottiioonn
+           Shift lines left or right.
+     @@ bbuuffffeerr
+           Execute a named buffer.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] AA
+           Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] BB
+           Move backwards count bigwords.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] CC
+
+
+           Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] DD
+           Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] EE
+           Move forward count end-of-bigwords.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] FF <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Search count times backward through the current line for
+           <character>.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] GG
+           Move to line count, or the last line of the file if count not spec-
+           ified.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] HH
+           Move to the screen line count - 1 lines below the top of the
+           screen.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] II
+           Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] JJ
+           Join lines.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] LL
+           Move to the screen line count - 1 lines above the bottom of the
+           screen.
+     MM     Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] OO
+           Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current
+           line.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] PP
+           Insert text from a buffer.
+     QQ     Exit vvii (or visual) mode and switch to eexx mode.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] RR
+           Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] SS
+           Substitute count lines.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] TT <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Search backwards, count times, through the current line for the
+           character _a_f_t_e_r the specified <character>.
+     UU     Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last moved
+           to it.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] WW
+           Move forward count bigwords.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] XX
+           Delete count characters before the cursor.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] YY
+           Copy (or ``yank'') count lines into the specified buffer.
+     ZZZZ    Write the file and exit vvii.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] [[[[
+           Back up count section boundaries.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ]]]]
+           Move forward count section boundaries.
+     ^^     Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] __
+           Move down count - 1 lines, to the first nonblank character.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] aa
+           Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] bb
+           Move backwards count words.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] cc mmoottiioonn
+           Change a region of text.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] dd mmoottiioonn
+           Delete a region of text.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ee
+           Move forward count end-of-words.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ff<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Search forward, count times, through the rest of the current line
+           for <character>.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ii
+
+           Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+     mm <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Save the current context (line and column) as <character>.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] oo
+           Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current
+           line.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] pp
+           Append text from a buffer.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] rr <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Replace count characters.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] ss
+           Substitute count characters in the current line starting with the
+           current character.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] tt <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Search forward, count times, through the current line for the char-
+           acter immediately _b_e_f_o_r_e <character>.
+     uu     Undo the last change made to the file.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ww
+           Move forward count words.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] xx
+           Delete count characters.
+     [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] yy mmoottiioonn
+           Copy (or ``yank'') a text region specified by the count and motion
+           into a buffer.
+     [[ccoouunntt11]] zz [[ccoouunntt22]] --||..||++||^^||<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+           Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] {{
+           Move backward count paragraphs.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ||
+           Move to a specific _c_o_l_u_m_n position on the current line.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] }}
+           Move forward count paragraphs.
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ~~
+           Reverse the case of the next count character(s).
+     [[ccoouunntt]] ~~ mmoottiioonn
+           Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by
+           the count and motion.
+     <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>
+           Interrupt the current operation.
+
+VVII TTEEXXTT IINNPPUUTT CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
+     The following section describes the commands available in the text input
+     mode of the vvii editor.
+
+     <<nnuull>>
+           Replay the previous input.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+           Erase the previous autoindent character.
+     ^^<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+           Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent
+           level.
+     00<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+           Erase all of the autoindent characters.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+           Insert sufficient <tab> and <space> characters to move the cursor
+           forward to a column immediately after the next column which is an
+           even multiple of the sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option.
+     <<eerraassee>>
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>
+           Erase the last character.
+     <<lliitteerraall nneexxtt>>
+           Quote the next character.
+     <<eessccaappee>>
+           Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
+     <<lliinnee eerraassee>>
+
+           Erase the current line.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--WW>>
+     <<wwoorrdd eerraassee>>
+           Erase the last word.  The definition of word is dependent on the
+           aallttwweerraassee and ttttyywweerraassee options.
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--XX>>[[00--99AA--FFaa--ff]]**
+           Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the
+           text.
+     <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>
+           Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
+
+EEXX CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
+     The following section describes the commands available in the eexx editor.
+     In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+
+     <<eenndd--ooff--ffiillee>>
+           Scroll the screen.
+     !! aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+     [[rraannggee]]!! aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+           Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
+     ""     A comment.
+     [[rraannggee]] nnuu[[mmbbeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ## [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
+     @@ bbuuffffeerr
+     ** bbuuffffeerr
+           Execute a buffer.
+     [[rraannggee]] dd[[eelleettee]] [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Delete the lines from the file.
+     ddii[[ssppllaayy]] bb[[uuffffeerrss]] || ss[[ccrreeeennss]] || tt[[aaggss]]
+           Display buffers, screens or tags.
+     ee[[ddiitt]][[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+     eexx[[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+           Edit a different file.
+     eexxuu[[ssaaggee]] [[ccoommmmaanndd]]
+           Display usage for an eexx command.
+     ff[[iillee]] [[ffiillee]]
+           Display and optionally change the file name.
+     ffgg [[nnaammee]]
+           VVii mode only.  Foreground the specified screen.
+     [[rraannggee]] gg[[lloobbaall]] //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ccoommmmaannddss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] vv //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ccoommmmaannddss]]
+           Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
+     hhee[[llpp]]
+           Display a help message.
+     [[lliinnee]] ii[[nnsseerrtt]][[!!]]
+           The input text is inserted before the specified line.
+     [[rraannggee]] jj[[ooiinn]][[!!]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Join lines of text together.
+     [[rraannggee]] ll[[iisstt]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Display the lines unambiguously.
+     mmaapp[[!!]] [[llhhss rrhhss]]
+           Define or display maps (for vvii only).
+     [[lliinnee]] mmaa[[rrkk]] <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     [[lliinnee]] kk <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+           Mark the line with the mark <character>.
+     [[rraannggee]] mm[[oovvee]] lliinnee
+           Move the specified lines after the target line.
+     mmkk[[eexxrrcc]][[!!]] ffiillee
+           Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
+           file.
+     nn[[eexxtt]][[!!]] [[ffiillee ......]]
+           Edit the next file from the argument list.
+     [[lliinnee]] oo[[ppeenn]] //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ffllaaggss]]
+
+
+           Enter open mode.
+     pprree[[sseerrvvee]]
+           Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the eexx --rr
+           option.
+     pprreevv[[iioouuss]][[!!]]
+           Edit the previous file from the argument list.
+     [[rraannggee]] pp[[rriinntt]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Display the specified lines.
+     [[lliinnee]] ppuu[[tt]] [[bbuuffffeerr]]
+           Append buffer contents to the current line.
+     qq[[uuiitt]][[!!]]
+           End the editing session.
+     [[lliinnee]] rr[[eeaadd]][[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+           Read a file.
+     rreecc[[oovveerr]] ffiillee
+           Recover file if it was previously saved.
+     rreess[[iizzee]] [[++||--]]ssiizzee
+           VVii mode only.  Grow or shrink the current screen.
+     rreeww[[iinndd]][[!!]]
+           Rewind the argument list.
+     ssee[[tt]] [[ooppttiioonn[[==[[vvaalluuee]]]] ......]] [[nnooooppttiioonn ......]] [[ooppttiioonn?? ......]] [[aallll]]
+           Display or set editor options.
+     sshh[[eellll]]
+           Run a shell program.
+     ssoo[[uurrccee]] ffiillee
+           Read and execute eexx commands from a file.
+     sspp[[lliitt]] [[ffiillee ......]]
+           VVii mode only.  Split the screen.
+     [[rraannggee]] ss[[uubbssttiittuuttee]] [[//ppaatttteerrnn//rreeppllaaccee//]] [[ooppttiioonnss]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] && [[ooppttiioonnss]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ~~ [[ooppttiioonnss]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Make substitutions.
+     ssuu[[ssppeenndd]][[!!]]
+     sstt[[oopp]][[!!]]
+     <<ssuussppeenndd>>
+           Suspend the edit session.
+     ttaa[[gg]][[!!]] ttaaggssttrriinngg
+           Edit the file containing the specified tag.
+     ttaaggpp[[oopp]][[!!]] [[ffiillee || nnuummbbeerr]]
+           Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
+     uunnmm[[aapp]][[!!]] llhhss
+           Unmap a mapped string.
+     vvee[[rrssiioonn]]
+           Display the version of the eexx//vvii editor.
+     [[lliinnee]] vvii[[ssuuaall]] [[ttyyppee]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           EExx mode only.  Enter vvii.
+     vvii[[ssuuaall]][[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+           VVii mode only.  Edit a new file.
+     vviiuu[[ssaaggee]] [[ccoommmmaanndd]]
+           Display usage for a vvii command.
+     [[rraannggee]] ww[[rriittee]][[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ww[[rriittee]] [[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] wwnn[[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] wwqq[[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+           Write the file.
+     [[rraannggee]] xx[[iitt]][[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+           Write the file if it has been modified.
+     [[rraannggee]] yyaa[[nnkk]] [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]]
+           Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
+     [[lliinnee]] zz [[ttyyppee]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+           Adjust the window.
+
+SSEETT OOPPTTIIOONNSS
+     There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to change
+     the editor's behavior.  This section describes the options, their abbre-
+     viations and their default values.
+
+     In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name of
+     the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.  The part in square
+     brackets is the default value of the option.  Most of the options are
+     boolean, i.e. they are either on or off, and do not have an associated
+     value.
+
+     Options apply to both eexx and vvii modes, unless otherwise specified.
+
+     aallttwweerraassee [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Select an alternate word erase algorithm.
+     aauuttooiinnddeenntt,, aaii [[ooffff]]
+           Automatically indent new lines.
+     aauuttoopprriinntt,, aapp [[ooffff]]
+           EExx only.  Display the current line automatically.
+     aauuttoowwrriittee,, aaww [[ooffff]]
+           Write modified files automatically when changing files.
+     bbeeaauuttiiffyy,, bbff [[ooffff]]
+           Discard control characters.
+     ccddppaatthh [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee CCDDPPAATTHH,, oorr ccuurrrreenntt ddiirreeccttoorryy]]
+           The directory paths used as path prefixes for the ccdd command.
+     ccoolluummnnss,, ccoo [[8800]]
+           Set the number of columns in the screen.
+     ccoommmmeenntt [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Skip leading comments in files.
+     ddiirreeccttoorryy,, ddiirr [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee TTMMPPDDIIRR,, oorr //ttmmpp]]
+           The directory where temporary files are created.
+     eeddccoommppaattiibbllee,, eedd [[ooffff]]
+           Remember the values of the ``c'' and ``g'' suffices to the
+           ssuubbssttiittuuttee commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each
+           new command.
+     eerrrroorrbbeellllss,, eebb [[ooffff]]
+           EExx only.  Announce error messages with a bell.
+     eexxrrcc,, eexx [[ooffff]]
+           Never read startup files in the local directory.
+     eexxtteennddeedd [[ooffff]]
+           Regular expressions are extended (i.e.  egrep(1) style) expres-
+           sions.
+     ffllaasshh [[oonn]]
+           Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.
+     hhaarrddttaabbss,, hhtt [[88]]
+           Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.
+     iiggnnoorreeccaassee,, iicc [[ooffff]]
+           Ignore case differences in regular expressions.
+     kkeeyyttiimmee [[66]]
+           The 10th's of a second eexx//vvii waits for a subsequent key to complete
+           a key mapping.
+     lleeffttrriigghhtt [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Do left-right scrolling.
+     lliinneess,, llii [[2244]]
+           VVii only.  Set the number of lines in the screen.
+     lliisspp [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Modify various search commands and options to work with
+           Lisp.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     lliisstt [[ooffff]]
+           Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.
+     mmaaggiicc [[oonn]]
+           Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.
+     mmaattcchhttiimmee [[77]]
+           VVii only.  The 10th's of a second eexx//vvii pauses on the matching char-
+           acter when the sshhoowwmmaattcchh option is set.
+     mmeessgg [[oonn]]
+
+
+           Permit messages from other users.
+     mmooddeelliinneess,, mmooddeelliinnee [[ooffff]]
+           Read the first and last few lines of each file for eexx commands.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _w_i_l_l _n_e_v_e_r _b_e _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     nnuummbbeerr,, nnuu [[ooffff]]
+           Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
+     ooccttaall [[ooffff]]
+           Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
+           hexadecimal.
+     ooppeenn [[oonn]]
+           EExx only.  If this option is not set, the ooppeenn and vviissuuaall commands
+           are disallowed.
+     ooppttiimmiizzee,, oopptt [[oonn]]
+           VVii only.  Optimize text throughput to dumb terminals.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     ppaarraaggrraapphhss,, ppaarraa [[IIPPLLPPPPPPQQPPPP LLIIppppllppiippbbpp]]
+           VVii only.  Define additional paragraph boundaries for the {{ and }}
+           commands.
+     pprroommpptt [[oonn]]
+           EExx only.  Display a command prompt.
+     rreeaaddoonnllyy,, rroo [[ooffff]]
+           Mark the file as read-only.
+     rreeccddiirr [[//vvaarr//ttmmpp//vvii..rreeccoovveerr]]
+           The directory where recovery files are stored.
+     rreeddrraaww,, rree [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     rreemmaapp [[oonn]]
+           Remap keys until resolved.
+     rreeppoorrtt [[55]]
+           Set the number of lines about which the editor reports changes or
+           yanks.
+     rruulleerr [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
+     ssccrroollll,, ssccrr [[wwiinnddooww // 22]]
+           Set the number of lines scrolled.
+     sseeccttiioonnss,, sseecctt [[NNHHSSHHHH HHUUnnhhsshh]]
+           VVii only.  Define additional section boundaries for the [[[[ and ]]]]
+           commands.
+     sshheellll,, sshh [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee SSHHEELLLL,, oorr //bbiinn//sshh]]
+           Select the shell used by the editor.
+     sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh,, ssww [[88]]
+           Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
+     sshhoowwddiirrttyy [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Display an asterisk on the colon command line if the file
+           has been modified.
+     sshhoowwmmaattcchh,, ssmm [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Note matching ``{'' and ``('' for ``}'' and ``)'' charac-
+           ters.
+     sshhoowwmmooddee [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Display the current editor mode (command or input).
+     ssiiddeessccrroollll [[1166]]
+           VVii only.  Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.
+     sslloowwooppeenn,, ssllooww [[ooffff]]
+           Delay display updating during text input.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     ssoouurrcceeaannyy [[ooffff]]
+           Read startup files not owned by the current user.
+
+           _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _w_i_l_l _n_e_v_e_r _b_e _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+     ttaabbssttoopp,, ttss [[88]]
+
+           This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
+     ttaagglleennggtthh,, ttll [[00]]
+           Set the number of significant characters in tag names.
+     ttaaggss,, ttaagg [[ttaaggss //vvaarr//ddbb//lliibbcc..ttaaggss //ssyyss//kkeerrnn//ttaaggss]]
+           Set the list of tags files.
+     tteerrmm,, ttttyyttyyppee,, ttttyy [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee TTEERRMM]]
+           Set the terminal type.
+     tteerrssee [[ooffff]]
+           This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.  It
+           has no effect in this implementation.
+     ttiillddeeoopp
+           Modify the ~~ command to take an associated motion.
+     ttiimmeeoouutt,, ttoo [[oonn]]
+           Time out on keys which may be mapped.
+     ttttyywweerraassee [[ooffff]]
+           VVii only.  Select an alternate erase algorithm.
+     vveerrbboossee [[ooffff]]
+           only.  Display an error message for every error.
+     ww330000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+           VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200
+           baud.
+     ww11220000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+           VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200
+           baud.
+     ww99660000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+           VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200
+           baud.
+     wwaarrnn [[oonn]]
+           EExx only.  This option causes a warning message to the terminal if
+           the file has been modified, since it was last written, before a !!
+           command.
+     wwiinnddooww,, ww,, wwii [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee LLIINNEESS]]
+           Set the window size for the screen.
+     wwrraappmmaarrggiinn,, wwmm [[00]]
+           VVii only.  Break lines automatically when they reach the right-hand
+           margin.
+     wwrraappssccaann,, wwss [[oonn]]
+           Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.
+     wwrriitteeaannyy,, wwaa [[ooffff]]
+           Turn off file-overwriting checks.
+
+EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
+     COLUMNS    The number of columns on the screen.  This value overrides any
+                system or terminal specific values.  If the COLUMNS environ-
+                mental variable is not set when eexx//vvii runs, or the ccoolluummnnss op-
+                tion is explicitly reset by the user, eexx//vvii enters the value
+                into the environment.
+     EXINIT     A list of eexx startup commands, read if the variable NEXINIT is
+                not set.
+     HOME       The user's home directory, used as the initial directory path
+                for the startup _$_H_O_M_E_/_._n_e_x_r_c and _$_H_O_M_E_/_._e_x_r_c files.  This val-
+                ue is also used as the default directory for the vvii ccdd com-
+                mand.
+     LINES      The number of rows on the screen.  This value overrides any
+                system or terminal specific values.  If the LINES environmen-
+                tal variable is not set when eexx//vvii runs, or the lliinneess option
+                is explicitly reset by the user, eexx//vvii enters the value into
+                the environment.
+     NEXINIT    A list of eexx startup commands.
+     SHELL      The user's shell of choice (see also the sshheellll option).
+     TERM       The user's terminal type.  The default is the type
+                ``unknown''. If the TERM environmental variable is not set
+                when eexx//vvii runs, or the tteerrmm option is explicitly reset by the
+                user, eexx//vvii enters the value into the environment.
+     TMPDIR     The location used to stored temporary files (see also the
+                ddiirreeccttoorryy option).
+
+AASSYYNNCCHHRROONNOOUUSS EEVVEENNTTSS
+     SIGALRM     VVii//eexx uses this signal for periodic backups of file modifica-
+                 tions and to display ``busy'' messages when operations are
+                 likely to take a long time.
+     SIGHUP
+     SIGTERM     If the current buffer has changed since it was last written
+                 in its entirety, the editor attempts to save the modified
+                 file so it can be later recovered.  See the vvii//eexx Reference
+                 manual section entitled ``Recovery'' for more information.
+     SIGINT      When an interrupt occurs, the current operation is halted,
+                 and the editor returns to the command level.  If interrupted
+                 during text input, the text already input is resolved into
+                 the file as if the text input had been normally terminated.
+     SIGWINCH    The screen is resized.  See the vvii//eexx Reference manual sec-
+                 tion entitled ``Sizing the Screen'' for more information.
+     SIGCONT
+     SIGQUIT
+     SIGTSTP     VVii//eexx ignores these signals.
+
+BBUUGGSS
+     See the file _n_v_i_/_d_o_c_s_/_b_u_g_s_._c_u_r_r_e_n_t for a list of the known bugs in this
+     version.
+
+FFIILLEESS
+     /bin/sh              The default user shell.
+     /etc/vi.exrc         System-wide vi startup file.
+     /tmp                 Temporary file directory.
+     /var/tmp/vi.recover  The default recovery file directory.
+     $HOME/.nexrc         1st choice for user's home directory startup file.
+     $HOME/.exrc          2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.
+     .nexrc               1st choice for local directory startup file.
+     .exrc                2nd choice for local directory startup file.
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+     ctags(1),  more(1),  curses(3),  dbopen(3)
+
+     The ``Vi Quick Reference'' card.
+
+     ``An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi'', found in the ``UNIX
+     User's Manual Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and
+     4.4BSD manual sets.  This document is the closest thing available to an
+     introduction to the vvii screen editor.
+
+     ``Ex Reference Manual (Version 3.7)'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
+     Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual
+     sets.  This document is the final reference for the eexx editor, as dis-
+     tributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.
+
+     ``Edit: A tutorial'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary
+     Documents'' section of the 4.3BSD manual set.  This document is an intro-
+     duction to a simple version of the eexx screen editor.
+
+     ``Ex/Vi Reference Manual'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
+     Supplementary Documents'' section of the 4.4BSD manual set.  This docu-
+     ment is the final reference for the nneexx//nnvvii text editors, as distributed
+     in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.
+
+     RRooffff source for all of these documents is distributed with nneexx//nnvvii in the
+     _n_v_i_/_U_S_D_._d_o_c directory of the nneexx//nnvvii source code.
+
+     The files ``autowrite'', ``input'', ``quoting'', and ``structures'',
+     found in the _n_v_i_/_d_o_c_s_/_i_n_t_e_r_n_a_l_s directory of the nneexx//nnvvii source code.
+
+HHIISSTTOORRYY
+     The nneexx//nnvvii replacements for the eexx//vvii editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.
+
+SSTTAANNDDAARRDDSS
+     NNeexx//nnvvii is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'').  That document differs
+     from historical eexx//vvii practice in several places; there are changes to be
+     made on both sides.
+
+4.4BSD                           July 15, 1994                              13
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.0.ps b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.0.ps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6cfc03ea937
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diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.1 b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25f2a2ce0f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1294 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)vi.1	8.12 (Berkeley) 7/15/94
+.\"
+.Dd "July 15, 1994"
+.Dt EX/VI 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ex, vi, view
+.Nd text editors
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm \&ex
+.Op Fl eFRrsv
+.Op Fl c Ar cmd
+.Op Fl t Ar tag
+.Op Fl w Ar size
+.\".Op Fl X Ar \&aw
+.Op Ar "file ..."
+.Nm \&vi
+.Op Fl eFRrv
+.Op Fl c Ar cmd
+.Op Fl t Ar tag
+.Op Fl w Ar size
+.\".Op Fl X Ar \&aw
+.Op Ar "file ..."
+.Nm view
+.Op Fl eFRrv
+.Op Fl c Ar cmd
+.Op Fl t Ar tag
+.Op Fl w Ar size
+.\".Op Fl X Ar \&aw
+.Op Ar "file ..."
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm \&Vi
+is a screen oriented text editor.
+.Nm \&Ex
+is a line-oriented text editor.
+.Nm \&Ex
+and
+.Nm \&vi
+are different interfaces to the same program,
+and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.
+.Nm View
+is the equivalent of using the
+.Fl R
+(read-only) option of
+.Nm \&vi .
+.Pp
+This manual page is the one provided with the
+.Nm nex/nvi
+versions of the
+.Nm ex/vi
+text editors.
+.Nm Nex/nvi
+are intended as bug-for-bug compatible replacements for the original
+Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
+.Nm \&ex
+and
+.Nm \&vi
+programs.
+For the rest of this manual page,
+.Nm nex/nvi
+is used only when it's necessary to distinguish it from the historic
+implementations of
+.Nm ex/vi .
+.Pp
+This manual page is intended for users already familiar with
+.Nm ex/vi .
+Anyone else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the
+editor before this manual page.
+If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and you absolutely have to
+get work done immediately, read the section after the options
+description, entitled
+.Dq "Fast Startup" .
+It's probably enough to get you going.
+.Pp
+The following options are available:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds 
+.It Fl c
+Execute
+.Ar cmd
+immediately after starting the edit session.
+Particularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however
+.Ar cmd
+is not limited to positioning commands.
+This is the POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic
+.Dq "+cmd"
+syntax.
+.Nm Nex/nvi
+supports both the old and new syntax.
+.It Fl e
+Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were
+.Nm \&ex .
+.It Fl F
+Don't copy the entire file when first starting to edit.
+(The default is to make a copy in case someone else modifies
+the file during your edit session.)
+.It Fl R
+Start editing in read-only mode, as if the command name was
+.Nm view ,
+or the readonly option was set.
+.It Fl r
+Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified,
+list the files that could be recovered.
+If no recoverable files by the specified name exist,
+the file is edited as if the
+.Fl r
+option had not been specified.
+.It Fl s
+Enter batch mode; applicable only to
+.Nm \&ex
+edit sessions.
+Batch mode is useful when running
+.Nm \&ex
+scripts.
+Prompts, informative messages and other user oriented message
+are turned off,
+and no startup files or environmental variables are read.
+This is the POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic
+.Dq \&\-
+argument.
+.Nm \&Nex/nvi
+supports both the old and new syntax.
+.It Fl t
+Start editing at the specified tag.
+(See
+.Xr ctags 1 ).
+.It Fl w
+Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.
+.It Fl v
+Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was
+.Nm \&vi
+or
+.Nm view .
+.It Fl X
+Reserved for X11 interfaces.
+.Em "No X11 support is currently implemented."
+.El
+.Pp
+Command input for
+.Nm ex/vi
+is read from the standard input.
+In the
+.Nm \&vi
+interface, it is an error if standard input is not a terminal.
+In the
+.Nm \&ex
+interface, if standard input is not a terminal,
+.Nm \&ex
+will read commands from it regardless, however, the session will be a
+batch mode session, exactly as if the
+.Fl s
+option had been specified.
+.Pp
+.Nm Ex/vi
+exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.
+.Sh FAST STARTUP
+This section will tell you the minimum amount that you need to
+do simple editing tasks using
+.Nm \&vi .
+If you've never used any screen editor before, you're likely to have
+problems even with this simple introduction.
+In that case you should find someone that already knows
+.Nm \&vi
+and have them walk you through this section.
+.Pp
+.Nm \&Vi
+is a screen editor.
+This means that it takes up almost the entire screen, displaying part
+of the file on each screen line, except for the last line of the screen.
+The last line of the screen is used for you to give commands to
+.Nm \&vi ,
+and for
+.Nm \&vi
+to give information to you.
+.Pp
+The other fact that you need to understand is that
+.Nm \&vi
+is a modeful editor, i.e. you are either entering text or you
+are executing commands, and you have to be in the right mode
+to do one or the other.
+You will be in command mode when you first start editing a file.
+There are commands that switch you into input mode.
+There is only one key that takes you out of input mode,
+and that is the <escape> key.
+(Key names are written using less-than and greater-than signs, e.g.
+<escape> means the
+.Dq escape
+key, usually labeled
+.Dq esc
+on your terminal's keyboard.)
+If you're ever confused as to which mode you're in,
+keep entering the <escape> key until
+.Nm \&vi
+beeps at you.
+(Generally,
+.Nm \&vi
+will beep at you if you try and do something that's not allowed.
+It will also display error messages.)
+.Pp
+To start editing a file, enter the command
+.Dq Li "vi file_name<carriage-return>" .
+The command you should enter as soon as you start editing is
+.Dq Li ":set verbose showmode<carriage-return>" .
+This will make the editor give you verbose error messages and display
+the current mode at the bottom of the screen.
+.Pp
+The commands to move around the file are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy h
+Move the cursor left one character.
+.It Sy j
+Move the cursor down one line.
+.It Sy k
+Move the cursor up one line.
+.It Sy l
+Move the cursor right one character.
+.It Sy <cursor-arrows>
+The cursor arrow keys should work, too.
+.It Sy /text<carriage-return>
+Search for the string
+.Dq text
+in the file, and move the cursor to its first character.
+.El
+.Pp
+The commands to enter new text are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy a
+Append new text,
+.Em after
+the cursor.
+.It Sy i
+Insert new text,
+.Em before
+the cursor.
+.It Sy o
+Open a new line below the line the cursor is on, and start
+entering text.
+.It Sy O
+Open a new line above the line the cursor is on, and start
+entering text.
+.It Sy <escape>
+Once you've entered input mode using the one of the
+.Sy \&a ,
+.Sy \&i ,
+.Sy \&O ,
+or 
+.Sy \&o
+commands, use
+.Sy <escape>
+to quit entering text and return to command mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+The commands to copy text are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy yy
+Copy the line the cursor is on.
+.It Sy p
+Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.
+.El
+.Pp
+The commands to delete text are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy dd
+Delete the line the cursor is on.
+.It Sy x
+Delete the character the cursor is on.
+.El
+.Pp
+The commands to write the file are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy :w<carriage-return>
+Write the file back to the file with the name that you originally used
+as an argument on the
+.Nm \&vi
+command line.
+.It Sy :w file_name<carriage-return>
+Write the file back to the file with the name
+.Dq file_name .
+.El
+.Pp
+The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:
+.Bl -tag -width XXXX -compact
+.It Sy :q<carriage-return>
+Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but not
+saved your changes,
+.Nm \&vi
+will refuse to quit).
+.It Sy :q!<carriage-return>
+Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.
+.El
+.Pp
+One final caution.
+Unusual characters can take up more than one column on the screen,
+and long lines can take up more than a single screen line.
+The above commands work on
+.Dq physical
+characters and lines, i.e. they affect the entire line no matter
+how many screen lines it takes up and the entire character no matter
+how many screen columns it takes up.
+.Sh VI COMMANDS
+The following section describes the commands available in the command
+mode of the
+.Nm \&vi
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command
+character.
+.sp
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXX" -compact
+.It Sy "[count] <control-A>"
+Search forward
+.Li count
+times for the current word.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-B>"
+Page backwards
+.Li count
+screens.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-D>"
+Scroll forward
+.Li count
+lines.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-E>"
+Scroll forward
+.Li count
+lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-F>"
+Page forward
+.Li count
+screens.
+.It Sy "<control-G>"
+Display the file information.
+.It Sy "<control-H>"
+.It Sy "[count] h"
+Move the cursor back
+.Li count
+characters in the current line.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-J>"
+.It Sy "[count] <control-N>"
+.It Sy "[count] j"
+Move the cursor down
+.Li count
+lines without changing the current column.
+.It Sy "<control-L>"
+.It Sy "<control-R>"
+Repaint the screen.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-M>"
+.It Sy "[count] +"
+Move the cursor down
+.Li count
+lines to the first nonblank character of that line.
+.It Sy "[count] <control-P>"
+.It Sy "[count] k"
+Move the cursor up
+.Li count
+lines, without changing the current column.
+.It Sy "<control-T>"
+Return to the most recent tag context.
+.It Sy "<control-U>"
+Scroll backwards
+.Li count
+lines.
+.It Sy "<control-W>"
+Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
+screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
+.It Sy "<control-Y>"
+Scroll backwards
+.Li count
+lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
+.It Sy "<control-Z>"
+Suspend the current editor session.
+.It Sy "<escape>"
+Execute
+.Nm \&ex
+commands or cancel partial commands.
+.It Sy "<control-]>"
+Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
+.It Sy "<control-^>"
+Switch to the most recently edited file.
+.It Sy "[count] <space>"
+.It Sy "[count] l"
+Move the cursor forward
+.Li count
+characters without changing the current line.
+.It Sy "[count] ! motion shell-argument(s)"
+Replace text with results from a shell command.
+.It Sy "[count] # +|-|#"
+Increment or decrement the cursor number.
+.It Sy "[count] $"
+Move the cursor to the end of a line.
+.It Sy "%"
+Move to the matching character.
+.It Sy "&"
+Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
+.It Sy "'<character>"
+.It Sy "`<character>"
+Return to a context marked by the character
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "[count] ("
+Back up
+.Li count
+sentences.
+.It Sy "[count] )"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+sentences.
+.It Sy "[count] ,"
+Reverse find character
+.Li count
+times.
+.It Sy "[count] -"
+Move to first nonblank of the previous line,
+.Li count
+times.
+.It Sy "[count] ."
+Repeat the last
+.Nm \&vi
+command that modified text.
+.It Sy "/RE<carriage-return>"
+.It Sy "/RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.It Sy "?RE<carriage-return>"
+.It Sy "?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.It Sy "N"
+.It Sy "n"
+Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
+.It Sy "0"
+Move to the first character in the current line.
+.It Sy ":"
+Execute an ex command.
+.It Sy "[count] ;"
+Repeat the last character find
+.Li count
+times.
+.It Sy "[count] < motion"
+.It Sy "[count] > motion"
+Shift lines left or right.
+.It Sy "@ buffer"
+Execute a named buffer.
+.It Sy "[count] A"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
+.It Sy "[count] B"
+Move backwards
+.Li count
+bigwords.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] C"
+Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+.It Sy "[buffer] D"
+Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+.It Sy "[count] E"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+end-of-bigwords.
+.It Sy "[count] F <character>"
+Search
+.Li count
+times backward through the current line for
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "[count] G"
+Move to line
+.Li count ,
+or the last line of the file if
+.Li count
+not specified.
+.It Sy "[count] H"
+Move to the screen line
+.Li "count - 1"
+lines below the top of the screen.
+.It Sy "[count] I"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
+.It Sy "[count] J"
+Join lines.
+.It Sy "[count] L"
+Move to the screen line
+.Li "count - 1"
+lines above the bottom of the screen.
+.It Sy " M"
+Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+.It Sy "[count] O"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current line.
+.It Sy "[buffer] P"
+Insert text from a buffer.
+.It Sy "Q"
+Exit
+.Nm \&vi
+(or visual) mode and switch to
+.Nm \&ex
+mode.
+.It Sy "[count] R"
+Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] S"
+Substitute
+.Li count
+lines.
+.It Sy "[count] T <character>"
+Search backwards,
+.Li count
+times,
+through the current line for the character
+.Em after
+the specified
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "U"
+Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last
+moved to it.
+.It Sy "[count] W"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+bigwords.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] X"
+Delete
+.Li count
+characters before the cursor.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] Y"
+Copy (or
+.Dq yank )
+.Li count
+lines into the specified buffer.
+.It Sy "ZZ"
+Write the file and exit
+.Nm \&vi .
+.It Sy "[count] [["
+Back up
+.Li count
+section boundaries.
+.It Sy "[count] ]]"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+section boundaries.
+.It Sy "\&^"
+Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+.It Sy "[count] _"
+Move down
+.Li "count - 1"
+lines, to the first nonblank character.
+.It Sy "[count] a"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
+.It Sy "[count] b"
+Move backwards
+.Li count
+words.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] c motion"
+Change a region of text.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] d motion"
+Delete a region of text.
+.It Sy "[count] e"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+end-of-words.
+.It Sy "[count] f<character>"
+Search forward,
+.Li count
+times, through the rest of the current line for
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "[count] i"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+.It Sy "m <character>"
+Save the current context (line and column) as
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "[count] o"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current line.
+.It Sy "[buffer] p"
+Append text from a buffer.
+.It Sy "[count] r <character>
+Replace
+.Li count
+characters.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] s"
+Substitute
+.Li count
+characters in the current line starting with the current character.
+.It Sy "[count] t <character>"
+Search forward,
+.Li count
+times, through the current line for the character immediately
+.Em before
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "u"
+Undo the last change made to the file.
+.It Sy "[count] w"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+words.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] x"
+Delete
+.Li count
+characters.
+.It Sy "[buffer] [count] y motion"
+Copy (or
+.Dq yank )
+a text region specified by the
+.Li count
+and motion into a buffer.
+.It Sy "[count1] z [count2] -|.|+|^|<carriage-return>"
+Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.
+.It Sy "[count] {"
+Move backward
+.Li count
+paragraphs.
+.It Sy "[count] |"
+Move to a specific
+.Em column
+position on the current line.
+.It Sy "[count] }"
+Move forward
+.Li count
+paragraphs.
+.It Sy "[count] ~"
+Reverse the case of the next
+.Li count
+character(s).
+.It Sy "[count] ~ motion"
+Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by the
+.Li count
+and
+.Li motion .
+.It Sy "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt the current operation.
+.El
+.Sh VI TEXT INPUT COMMANDS
+The following section describes the commands available in the text
+input mode of the
+.Nm \&vi
+editor.
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXX" -compact
+.It Sy "<nul>"
+Replay the previous input.
+.It Sy "<control-D>"
+Erase the previous autoindent character.
+.It Sy "^<control-D>"
+Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent level.
+.It Sy "0<control-D>"
+Erase all of the autoindent characters.
+.It Sy "<control-T>"
+Insert sufficient
+.Li <tab>
+and
+.Li <space>
+characters to move the cursor forward to a column immediately
+after the next column which is an even multiple of the
+.Sy shiftwidth
+option.
+.It Sy "<erase>
+.It Sy "<control-H>"
+Erase the last character.
+.It Sy "<literal next>"
+Quote the next character.
+.It Sy "<escape>
+Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
+.It Sy "<line erase>
+Erase the current line.
+.It Sy "<control-W>"
+.It Sy "<word erase>
+Erase the last word.
+The definition of word is dependent on the
+.Sy altwerase
+and
+.Sy ttywerase
+options.
+.It Sy "<control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]*"
+Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the text.
+.It Sy "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
+.El
+.Sh EX COMMANDS
+The following section describes the commands available in the
+.Nm \&ex
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+.sp
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXX" -compact
+.It Sy "<end-of-file>"
+Scroll the screen.
+.It Sy "! argument(s)"
+.It Sy "[range]! argument(s)"
+Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
+.It Sy \&"
+A comment.
+.It Sy "[range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]"
+.It Sy "[range] # [count] [flags]"
+Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
+.It Sy "@ buffer"
+.It Sy "* buffer"
+Execute a buffer.
+.It Sy "[range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]"
+Delete the lines from the file.
+.It Sy "di[splay] b[uffers] | s[creens] | t[ags]"
+Display buffers, screens or tags.
+.It Sy "e[dit][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.It Sy "ex[!] [+cmd] [file]"
+Edit a different file.
+.It Sy "exu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for an
+.Nm \&ex
+command.
+.It Sy "f[ile] [file]"
+Display and optionally change the file name.
+.It Sy "fg [name]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+mode only.
+Foreground the specified screen.
+.It Sy "[range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]"
+.It Sy "[range] v /pattern/ [commands]
+Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
+.It Sy "he[lp]"
+Display a help message.
+.It Sy "[line] i[nsert][!]"
+The input text is inserted before the specified line.
+.It Sy "[range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]"
+Join lines of text together.
+.It Sy "[range] l[ist] [count] [flags]"
+Display the lines unambiguously.
+.It Sy "map[!] [lhs rhs]"
+Define or display maps (for
+.Nm \&vi
+only).
+.It Sy "[line] ma[rk] <character>"
+.It Sy "[line] k <character>"
+Mark the line with the mark
+.Li <character> .
+.It Sy "[range] m[ove] line"
+Move the specified lines after the target line.
+.It Sy "mk[exrc][!] file"
+Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
+file.
+.It Sy "n[ext][!] [file ...]"
+Edit the next file from the argument list.
+.It Sy "[line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]"
+Enter open mode.
+.It Sy "pre[serve]"
+Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the
+.Nm \&ex
+.Fl r
+option.
+.It Sy "prev[ious][!]"
+Edit the previous file from the argument list.
+.It Sy "[range] p[rint] [count] [flags]"
+Display the specified lines.
+.It Sy "[line] pu[t] [buffer]"
+Append buffer contents to the current line.
+.It Sy "q[uit][!]"
+End the editing session.
+.It Sy "[line] r[ead][!] [file]"
+Read a file.
+.It Sy "rec[over] file"
+Recover
+.Li file
+if it was previously saved.
+.It Sy "res[ize] [+|-]size"
+.Nm \&Vi
+mode only.
+Grow or shrink the current screen.
+.It Sy "rew[ind][!]"
+Rewind the argument list.
+.It Sy "se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]"
+Display or set editor options.
+.It Sy "sh[ell]"
+Run a shell program.
+.It Sy "so[urce] file"
+Read and execute
+.Nm \&ex
+commands from a file.
+.It Sy "sp[lit] [file ...]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+mode only.
+Split the screen.
+.It Sy "[range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]"
+.It Sy "[range] & [options] [count] [flags]"
+.It Sy "[range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]"
+Make substitutions.
+.It Sy "su[spend][!]"
+.It Sy "st[op][!]"
+.It Sy <suspend>
+Suspend the edit session.
+.It Sy "ta[g][!] tagstring"
+Edit the file containing the specified tag.
+.It Sy "tagp[op][!] [file | number]"
+Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
+.It Sy "unm[ap][!] lhs"
+Unmap a mapped string.
+.It Sy "ve[rsion]"
+Display the version of the
+.Nm \&ex/vi
+editor.
+.It Sy "[line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+mode only.
+Enter
+.Nm \&vi .
+.It Sy "vi[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+mode only.
+Edit a new file.
+.It Sy "viu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for a
+.Nm \&vi
+command.
+.It Sy "[range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]"
+.It Sy "[range] w[rite] [!] [file]"
+.It Sy "[range] wn[!] [>>] [file]"
+.It Sy "[range] wq[!] [>>] [file]"
+Write the file.
+.It Sy "[range] x[it][!] [file]"
+Write the file if it has been modified.
+.It Sy "[range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]"
+Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
+.It Sy "[line] z [type] [count] [flags]"
+Adjust the window.
+.El
+.Sh SET OPTIONS
+There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to
+change the editor's behavior.
+This section describes the options, their abbreviations and their
+default values.
+.Pp
+In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name
+of the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.
+The part in square brackets is the default value of the option.
+Most of the options are boolean, i.e. they are either on or off,
+and do not have an associated value.
+.Pp
+Options apply to both
+.Nm \&ex
+and
+.Nm \&vi
+modes, unless otherwise specified.
+.sp
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXX" -compact
+.It Sy "altwerase [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Select an alternate word erase algorithm.
+.It Sy "autoindent, ai [off]"
+Automatically indent new lines.
+.It Sy "autoprint, ap [off]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+only.
+Display the current line automatically.
+.It Sy "autowrite, aw [off]"
+Write modified files automatically when changing files.
+.It Sy "beautify, bf [off]"
+Discard control characters.
+.It Sy "cdpath [environment variable CDPATH, or current directory]"
+The directory paths used as path prefixes for the
+.Sy cd
+command.
+.It Sy "columns, co [80]"
+Set the number of columns in the screen.
+.It Sy "comment [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Skip leading comments in files.
+.It Sy "directory, dir [environment variable TMPDIR, or /tmp]"
+The directory where temporary files are created.
+.It Sy "edcompatible, ed [off]"
+Remember the values of the
+.Dq \&c
+and
+.Dq \&g
+suffices to the
+.Sy substitute
+commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each new
+command.
+.It Sy "errorbells, eb [off]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+only.
+Announce error messages with a bell.
+.It Sy "exrc, ex [off]"
+Never read startup files in the local directory.
+.It Sy "extended [off]"
+Regular expressions are extended (i.e.
+.Xr egrep 1
+style) expressions.
+.It Sy "flash [on]"
+Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.
+.It Sy "hardtabs, ht [8]"
+Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.
+.It Sy "ignorecase, ic [off]"
+Ignore case differences in regular expressions.
+.It Sy "keytime [6]"
+The 10th's of a second
+.Nm ex/vi
+waits for a subsequent key to complete a key mapping.
+.It Sy "leftright [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Do left-right scrolling.
+.It Sy "lines, li [24]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Set the number of lines in the screen.
+.It Sy "lisp [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Modify various search commands and options to work with Lisp.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option is not yet implemented."
+.It Sy "list [off]"
+Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.
+.It Sy "magic [on]"
+Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.
+.It Sy "matchtime [7]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+The 10th's of a second
+.Nm ex/vi
+pauses on the matching character when the
+.Sy showmatch
+option is set.
+.It Sy "mesg [on]"
+Permit messages from other users.
+.It Sy "modelines, modeline [off]"
+Read the first and last few lines of each file for
+.Nm ex
+commands.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option will never be implemented."
+.It Sy "number, nu [off]"
+Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
+.It Sy "octal [off]"
+Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
+hexadecimal.
+.It Sy "open [on]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+only.
+If this option is not set, the
+.Sy open
+and
+.Sy visual
+commands are disallowed.
+.It Sy "optimize, opt [on]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Optimize text throughput to dumb terminals.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option is not yet implemented."
+.It Sy "paragraphs, para [IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Define additional paragraph boundaries for the
+.Sy \&{
+and
+.Sy \&}
+commands.
+.It Sy "prompt [on]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+only.
+Display a command prompt.
+.It Sy "readonly, ro [off]"
+Mark the file as read-only.
+.It Sy "recdir [/var/tmp/vi.recover]"
+The directory where recovery files are stored.
+.It Sy "redraw, re [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option is not yet implemented."
+.It Sy "remap [on]"
+Remap keys until resolved.
+.It Sy "report [5]"
+Set the number of lines about which the editor reports changes
+or yanks.
+.It Sy "ruler [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
+.It Sy "scroll, scr [window / 2]"
+Set the number of lines scrolled.
+.It Sy "sections, sect [NHSHH HUnhsh]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Define additional section boundaries for the
+.Sy \&[[
+and
+.Sy \&]]
+commands.
+.It Sy "shell, sh [environment variable SHELL, or /bin/sh]"
+Select the shell used by the editor.
+.It Sy "shiftwidth, sw [8]"
+Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
+.It Sy "showdirty [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Display an asterisk on the colon command line if the file has been modified.
+.It Sy "showmatch, sm [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Note matching
+.Dq \&{
+and
+.Dq \&(
+for
+.Dq \&}
+and
+.Dq \&)
+characters.
+.It Sy "showmode [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Display the current editor mode (command or input).
+.It Sy "sidescroll [16]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.
+.It Sy "slowopen, slow [off]"
+Delay display updating during text input.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option is not yet implemented."
+.It Sy "sourceany [off]"
+Read startup files not owned by the current user.
+.Pp
+.Em "This option will never be implemented."
+.It Sy "tabstop, ts [8]"
+This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
+.It Sy "taglength, tl [0]"
+Set the number of significant characters in tag names.
+.It Sy "tags, tag [tags /var/db/libc.tags /sys/kern/tags]"
+Set the list of tags files.
+.It Sy "term, ttytype, tty [environment variable TERM]"
+Set the terminal type.
+.It Sy "terse [off]"
+This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.
+It has no effect in this implementation.
+.It Sy "tildeop"
+Modify the
+.Sy \&~
+command to take an associated motion.
+.It Sy "timeout, to [on]"
+Time out on keys which may be mapped.
+.It Sy "ttywerase [off]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Select an alternate erase algorithm.
+.It Sy "verbose [off]"
+.NM \&Vi
+only.
+Display an error message for every error.
+.It Sy "w300 [no default]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200 baud.
+.It Sy "w1200 [no default]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200 baud.
+.It Sy "w9600 [no default]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200 baud.
+.It Sy "warn [on]"
+.Nm \&Ex
+only.
+This option causes a warning message to the terminal if the file has
+been modified, since it was last written, before a
+.Sy \&!
+command.
+.It Sy "window, w, wi [environment variable LINES]"
+Set the window size for the screen.
+.It Sy "wrapmargin, wm [0]"
+.Nm \&Vi
+only.
+Break lines automatically when they reach the right-hand margin.
+.It Sy "wrapscan, ws [on]"
+Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.
+.It Sy "writeany, wa [off]"
+Turn off file-overwriting checks.
+.El
+.Sh ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
+.Bl -tag -width "COLUMNSXX" -compact
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+The number of columns on the screen.
+This value overrides any system or terminal specific values.
+If the COLUMNS environmental variable is not set when
+.Nm ex/vi
+runs, or the
+.Sy columns
+option is explicitly reset by the user,
+.Nm ex/vi
+enters the value into the environment.
+.It Ev EXINIT
+A list of
+.Nm \&ex
+startup commands, read if the variable
+.Ev NEXINIT
+is not set.
+.It Ev HOME
+The user's home directory, used as the initial directory path
+for the startup
+.Pa $HOME/.nexrc
+and
+.Pa $HOME/.exrc
+files.
+This value is also used as the default directory for the
+.Nm \&vi
+.Sy \&cd
+command.
+.It Ev LINES
+The number of rows on the screen.
+This value overrides any system or terminal specific values.
+If the LINES environmental variable is not set when
+.Nm ex/vi
+runs, or the
+.Sy lines
+option is explicitly reset by the user,
+.Nm ex/vi
+enters the value into the environment.
+.It Ev NEXINIT
+A list of
+.Nm \&ex
+startup commands.
+.It Ev SHELL
+The user's shell of choice (see also the
+.Sy shell
+option).
+.It Ev TERM
+The user's terminal type.
+The default is the type
+.Dq unknown .
+If the TERM environmental variable is not set when
+.Nm ex/vi
+runs, or the
+.Sy term
+option is explicitly reset by the user,
+.Nm ex/vi
+enters the value into the environment.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The location used to stored temporary files (see also the
+.Sy directory
+option).
+.El
+.Sh ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.Bl -tag -width "SIGWINCHXX" -compact
+.It SIGALRM
+.Nm \&Vi/ex
+uses this signal for periodic backups of file modifications
+and to display
+.Dq busy
+messages when operations are likely to take a long time.
+.It SIGHUP
+.It SIGTERM
+If the current buffer has changed since it was last written in its
+entirety, the editor attempts to save the modified file so it can
+be later recovered.
+See the
+.Nm \&vi/ex
+Reference manual section entitled
+.Dq Recovery
+for more information.
+.It SIGINT
+When an interrupt occurs,
+the current operation is halted,
+and the editor returns to the command level.
+If interrupted during text input,
+the text already input is resolved into the file as if the text
+input had been normally terminated.
+.It SIGWINCH
+The screen is resized.
+See the
+.Nm \&vi/ex
+Reference manual section entitled
+.Dq "Sizing the Screen"
+for more information.
+.It SIGCONT
+.It SIGQUIT
+.It SIGTSTP
+.Nm \&Vi/ex
+ignores these signals.
+.El
+.Sh BUGS
+See the file
+.Pa nvi/docs/bugs.current
+for a list of the known bugs in this version.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /var/tmp/vi.recover -compact
+.It Pa /bin/sh
+The default user shell.
+.It Pa /etc/vi.exrc
+System-wide vi startup file.
+.It Pa /tmp
+Temporary file directory.
+.It Pa /var/tmp/vi.recover
+The default recovery file directory.
+.It Pa $HOME/.nexrc
+1st choice for user's home directory startup file.
+.It Pa $HOME/.exrc
+2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.
+.It Pa .nexrc
+1st choice for local directory startup file.
+.It Pa .exrc
+2nd choice for local directory startup file.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr ctags 1 ,
+.Xr more 1 ,
+.Xr curses 3 ,
+.Xr dbopen 3
+.sp
+The
+.Dq "Vi Quick Reference"
+card.
+.sp
+.Dq "\&An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi" ,
+found in the
+.Dq "UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents"
+section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual sets.
+This document is the closest thing available to an introduction to the
+.Nm \&vi
+screen editor.
+.sp
+.Dq "\&Ex Reference Manual (Version 3.7)" ,
+found in the
+.Dq "UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents"
+section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual sets.
+This document is the final reference for the
+.Nm \&ex
+editor, as distributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.
+.sp
+.Dq "Edit: A tutorial" ,
+found in the
+.Dq "UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents"
+section of the 4.3BSD manual set.
+This document is an introduction to a simple version of the
+.Nm \&ex
+screen editor.
+.sp
+.Dq "\&Ex/Vi Reference Manual" ,
+found in the
+.Dq "UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents"
+section of the 4.4BSD manual set.
+This document is the final reference for the
+.Nm \&nex/nvi
+text editors, as distributed in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.
+.Pp
+.Nm Roff
+source for all of these documents is distributed with
+.Nm nex/nvi
+in the
+.Pa nvi/USD.doc
+directory of the
+.Nm nex/nvi
+source code.
+.sp
+The files
+.Dq autowrite ,
+.Dq input ,
+.Dq quoting ,
+and
+.Dq structures ,
+found in the
+.Pa nvi/docs/internals
+directory of the
+.Nm nex/nvi
+source code.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm nex/nvi
+replacements for the
+.Nm ex/vi
+editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.
+.Sh STANDARDS
+.Nm \&Nex/nvi
+is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'').
+That document differs from historical
+.Nm ex/vi
+practice in several places; there are changes to be made on both sides.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2690f86edc70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.16 (Berkeley) 8/15/94
+
+DIR=	usd/13.viref
+SRCS=	vi.ref ex.cmd.roff set.opt.roff vi.cmd.roff ref.so
+MACROS=	-me
+CLEANFILES+=vi.ref.txt index index.so
+
+paper.ps: vi.ref index.so
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET}
+
+vi.ref.txt: vi.ref index.so
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | groff ${MACROS} -Tascii > $@
+
+index.so: vi.ref
+	# Build index.so, side-effect of building the paper.
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | ${ROFF} > /dev/null
+	sed -e 's/MINUSSIGN/\\-/' \
+	    -e 's/DOUBLEQUOTE/""/' \
+	    -e "s/SQUOTE/'/" \
+	    -e 's/ /__SPACE/g' < index | \
+	sort -u '-t	' +0 -1 +1n | awk -f merge.awk | \
+	sed -e 's/__SPACE/ /g' > index.so
+	rm -f index
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a9cba6ae336d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,1776 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)ex.cmd.roff	8.24 (Berkeley) 7/17/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Ex Description"
+.pp
+The following words have special meanings for
+.CO ex
+commands.
+.KY "<eof>"
+.IP "<eof>"
+The end-of-file character is used to scroll the screen in the
+.CO ex
+editor.
+This character is normally
+.LI <control-D> ,
+however, whatever character is set for the current terminal is used.
+.KY "line"
+.IP "line"
+A single-line address, given in any of the forms described in the
+section entitled
+.QB "Ex Addressing" .
+The default for
+.LI line
+is the current line.
+.KY "range"
+.IP "range"
+A line, or a pair of line addresses, separated by a comma or semicolon.
+(See the section entitled
+.QB "Ex Addressing"
+for more information.)
+The default for range is the current line
+.i only ,
+i.e.
+.QT \&.,. .
+A percent sign
+.PQ %
+stands for the range
+.QT 1,$ .
+The starting address must be less than, or equal to, the ending address.
+.KY "count"
+.IP "count"
+A positive integer, specifying the number of lines to be affected by
+the command; the default is 1.
+Generally, a count past the end-of-file may be specified, e.g. the
+command
+.QT "p 3000"
+in a 10 line file is acceptable, and will print from the current line
+through the last line in the file.
+.KY "flags"
+.IP "flags"
+One or more of the characters
+.QQ # ,
+.QQ p ,
+and
+.QQ l .
+When a command that accepts these flags completes, the addressed line(s)
+are written out as if by the corresponding
+.CO # ,
+.CO l
+or
+.CO p
+commands.
+In addition, any number of
+.QT +
+or
+.QT \-
+characters can be specified before, after, or during the flags, in which
+case the line written is not necessarily the one affected by the command,
+but rather the line addressed by the offset address specified.
+The default for
+.LI flags
+is none.
+.KY "file"
+.IP "file"
+A pattern used to derive a pathname; the default is the current file.
+File names are subjected to normal
+.XR sh 1
+word expansions.
+.pp
+Anywhere a file name is specified, it is also possible to use
+the special string
+.QT /tmp .
+This will be replaced with a temporary file name which can be used
+for temporary work, e.g.
+.QT ":e /tmp"
+creates and edits a new file.
+.pp
+If both a count and a range are specified for commands that use either,
+the starting line for the command is the
+.i last
+line addressed by the range, and
+.LI count - 1
+subsequent lines are affected by the command, e.g. the command
+.QT 2,3p4
+prints out lines 3, 4, 5 and 6.
+.pp
+When only a line or range is specified, with no command, the implied
+command is either a
+.CO list ,
+.CO number
+or
+.CO print
+command.
+The command used is the most recent of the three commands to have been
+used (including any use as a flag).
+If none of these commands have been used before, the
+.CO print
+command is the implied command.
+When no range or count is specified and the command line is a blank line,
+the current line is incremented by 1 and then the current line is displayed.
+.pp
+Zero or more whitespace characters may precede or follow the addresses,
+count, flags, or command name.
+Any object following a command name (such as buffer, file, etc.),
+that begins with an alphabetic character,
+should be separated from the command name by at least one whitespace
+character.
+.pp
+Any character, including
+.LI <carriage-return> ,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+retain their literal value when preceded by a backslash.
+.SH 1 "Ex Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the
+.CO ex
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+.pp
+Each command can be entered as the abbreviation
+(those characters in the synopsis command word preceding the
+.QQ [
+character),
+the full command (all characters shown for the command word,
+omitting the
+.QQ [
+and
+.QQ ]
+characters),
+or any leading subset of the full command down to the abbreviation.
+For example, the args command (shown as
+.QT ar[gs]
+in the synopsis)
+can be entered as
+.QT ar ,
+.QT arg
+or
+.QT args .
+.pp
+Each
+.CO ex
+command described below notes the new current line after it
+is executed, as well as any options that affect the command.
+.KY DOUBLEQUOTE
+.IP """"
+A comment.
+Command lines beginning with the double-quote character
+.PQ """"
+are ignored.
+This permits comments in editor scripts and startup files.
+.KY "<end-of-file>"
+.IP "<end-of-file>"
+Scroll the screen.
+Write the next N lines, where N is the value of the
+.OP scroll
+option.
+The command is the end-of-file terminal character, which may be
+different on different terminals.
+Traditionally, it is the
+.LI <control-D>
+key.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO eof
+command ignored any preceding count, and the
+.LI <end-of-file>
+character was ignored unless it was entered as the first character
+of the command.
+This implementation treats it as a command
+.i only
+if entered as the first character of the command line, and otherwise
+treats it as any other character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line written.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY "!"
+.IP "! argument(s)"
+.Ip "[range]! argument(s)"
+Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
+In the first synopsis, the remainder of the line after the
+.QT !
+character is passed to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, as a single argument.
+.sp
+Within the rest of the line,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+are expanded into the current and alternate pathnames, respectively.
+The character
+.QT !
+is expanded with the command text of the previous
+.CO !
+command.
+(Therefore, the command
+.CO !!
+repeats the previous
+.CO !
+command.)
+The special meanings of
+.QT % ,
+.QT # ,
+and
+.QT !
+can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash.
+If no
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+command has yet been executed, it is an error to use an unescaped
+.QT !
+character.
+The
+.CO !
+command does
+.i not
+do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments.
+If any of the above expansions change the command the user entered,
+the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+.CO Ex
+then executes the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, with a
+.b \-c
+flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument).
+.sp
+The
+.CO !
+command is permitted in an empty file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+the
+.Co !
+command will warn you.
+.sp
+A single
+.QT !
+character is displayed when the command completes.
+.sp
+In the second form of the
+.CO !
+command, the remainder of the line after the
+.QT !
+is passed to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, as described above.
+The specified lines are passed to the program as standard input,
+and the standard and standard error output of the program replace
+the original lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged if no range was specified, otherwise set to the first
+line of the range.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY "number"
+.IP "[range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]"
+.KY "#"
+.Ip "[range] # [count] [flags]"
+Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
+.sp
+The line number format is
+.QQ %6d ,
+followed by two spaces.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY "@"
+.IP "@ buffer"
+.KY "*"
+.Ip "* buffer"
+Execute a buffer.
+Each line in the named buffer is executed as an
+.CO ex
+command.
+If no buffer is specified, or if the specified buffer is
+.QT @
+or
+.QT * ,
+the last buffer executed is used.
+.KY <
+.IP "[range] <[< ...] [count] [flags]"
+Shift lines left or right.
+The specified lines are shifted to the left (for the
+.CO <
+command) or right (for the
+.CO >
+command), by the number of columns specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+Only leading whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left;
+once the first column of the line contains a nonblank character,
+the
+.CO shift
+command will succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+.sp
+If the command character
+.CO <
+or
+.CO >
+is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each
+additional command character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If the current line is set to one of the lines that are affected
+by the command, it is unchanged.
+Otherwise, it is set to the first nonblank character of the lowest
+numbered line shifted.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.SE
+.KY =
+.IP "[line] = [flags]"
+Display the line number.
+Display the line number of
+.LI line
+(which defaults to the last line in the file).
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY >
+.IP "[range] >[> ...] [count] [flags]"
+Shift right.
+The specified lines are shifted to the right by the number of columns
+specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option, by inserting tab and space characters.
+Empty lines are not changed.
+.sp
+If the command character
+.QT >
+is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each
+additional command character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line modified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY abbrev
+.IP "ab[brev] lhs rhs"
+Add an abbreviation to the current abbreviation list.
+In
+.CO vi ,
+if
+.LI lhs
+is entered such that it is preceded and followed by characters
+that cannot be part of a word, it is replaced by the string
+.LI rhs .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY append
+.IP "[line] a[ppend][!]"
+The input text is appended to the specified line.
+If line 0 is specified, the text is inserted at the beginning of the file.
+Set to the last line input.
+If no lines are input, then set to
+.LI line ,
+or to the first line of the file if a
+.LI line
+of 0 was specified.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option to be toggled for the duration of the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY args
+.IP "ar[gs]"
+Display the argument list.
+The current argument is displayed inside of
+.QT [
+and
+.QT ]
+characters.
+The argument list is the list of operands specified on startup,
+which can be replaced using the
+.CO next
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY bg
+.IP bg
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Background the current screen.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line when the screen was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY change
+.IP "[range] c[hange][!] [count]"
+Replace the lines with input text.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option to be toggled for the duration of the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line input, or, if no lines were input,
+set to the line before the target line, or to the first
+line of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY cd
+.KY chdir
+.IP "chd[ir][!] [directory]"
+.Ip "cd[!] [directory]"
+Change the current working directory.
+The
+.LI directory
+argument is subjected to
+.XR sh 1
+word expansions.
+When invoked with no directory argument and the
+.LI HOME
+environment variable is set, the directory named by the
+.LI HOME
+environment variable becomes the new current directory.
+Otherwise, the new current directory becomes the directory returned
+by the
+.XR getpwent 3
+routine.
+.sp
+The
+.CO chdir
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write of the file.
+You can override this check by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP cdpath
+option.
+.SE
+.KY copy
+.KY t
+.IP "[range] co[py] line [flags]"
+.Ip "[range] t line [flags]"
+Copy the specified lines (range) after the destination line.
+Line 0 may be specified to insert the lines at the beginning of
+the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY delete
+.IP "[range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]"
+Delete the lines from the file.
+The deleted text is saved in the specified buffer, or, if no buffer
+is specified, in the unnamed buffer.
+If the command name is followed by a letter that could be interpreted
+as either a buffer name or a flag value (because neither a
+.LI count
+or
+.LI flags
+values were given),
+.CO ex
+treats the letter as a
+.LI flags
+value if the letter immediately follows the command name,
+without any whitespace separation.
+If the letter is preceded by whitespace characters,
+it treats it as a buffer name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line following the deleted lines,
+or to the last line if the deleted lines were at the end.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY display
+.IP "di[splay] b[uffers] | s[creens] | t[ags]"
+Display buffers, screens or tags.
+The
+.CO display
+command takes one of three additional arguments, which are as follows:
+.SS
+.SP b[uffers]
+Display all buffers (including named, unnamed, and numeric)
+that contain text.
+.SP s[creens]
+Display the file names of all background screens.
+.SP t[ags]
+Display the tags stack.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY edit
+.IP "e[dit][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.Ip "ex[!] [+cmd] [file]"
+Edit a different file.
+If the current buffer has been modified since the last complete write,
+the command will fail.
+You can override this by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.sp
+If the
+.QT +cmd
+option is specified, that
+.CO ex
+command will be executed in the new file.
+Any
+.CO ex
+command may be used, although the most common use of this feature is
+to specify a line number or search pattern to set the initial location
+in the new file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If you have previously edited the file, the current line will be set
+to your last position in the file.
+If that position does not exist, or you have not previously edited the
+file, the current line will be set to the first line of the file if
+you are in
+.CO vi
+mode, and the last line of the file if you are in
+.CO ex .
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY exusage
+.IP "exu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for an
+.CO ex
+command.
+If
+.LI command
+is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed.
+Otherwise, usage statements for all
+.CO ex
+commands are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY file
+.IP "f[ile] [file]"
+Display and optionally change the file name.
+If a file name is specified, the current pathname is changed to the
+specified name.
+The current pathname, the number of lines, and the current position
+in the file are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY fg
+.IP "fg [name]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Foreground the specified screen.
+Swap the current screen with the specified backgrounded screen.
+If no screen is specified, the first background screen is foregrounded.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line when the screen was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY global
+.IP "[range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]"
+.KY v
+.Ip "[range] v /pattern/ [commands]"
+Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
+The lines within the given range that match
+.PQ g[lobal] ,
+or do not match
+.PQ v
+the given pattern are selected.
+Then, the specified
+.CO ex
+command(s) are executed with the current line
+.PQ \&.
+set to each selected line.
+If no range is specified, the entire file is searched for matching,
+or not matching, lines.
+.sp
+Multiple commands can be specified, one per line, by escaping each
+.LI <newline>
+character with a backslash, or by separating commands with a
+.QT |
+character.
+If no commands are specified, the command defaults to the
+.CO print
+command.
+.sp
+For the
+.CO append ,
+.CO change
+and
+.CO insert
+commands, the input text must be part of the global command line.
+In this case, the terminating period can be omitted if it ends the commands.
+.sp
+The
+.CO visual
+command may also be specified as one of the
+.CO ex
+commands.
+In this mode, input is taken from the terminal.
+Entering a
+.CO Q
+command in
+.CO vi
+mode causes the next line matching the pattern to be selected and
+.CO vi
+to be reentered, until the list is exhausted.
+.sp
+The
+.CO global ,
+.CO v
+and
+.CO undo
+commands cannot be used as part of these commands.
+.sp
+The editor options
+.OP autoprint ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+and
+.OP report
+are turned off for the duration of the
+.CO global
+and
+.CO v
+commands.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The last line modified.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY help
+.IP "he[lp]"
+Display a help message.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY insert
+.IP "[line] i[nsert][!]"
+The input text is inserted before the specified line.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option setting to be toggled for the duration of this command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line input; if no lines were input,
+set to the line before the target line, or to the first line
+of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY join
+.IP "[range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]"
+Join lines of text together.
+.sp
+A
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.Sy join
+command specifies that the last line of the
+.LI range
+plus
+.LI count
+subsequent lines will be joined.
+(Note, this differs by one from the general rule where only
+.LI count - 1
+subsequent lines are affected.)
+.sp
+If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace
+is stripped from the next line.
+Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis
+.PQ ( ,
+do nothing.
+Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark
+.PQ ? ,
+period
+.PQ \&.
+or exclamation point
+.PQ ! ,
+insert two spaces.
+Otherwise, insert a single space.
+.sp
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name causes a simpler join with no
+white-space processing.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY list
+.IP "[range] l[ist] [count] [flags]"
+Display the lines unambiguously.
+Tabs are displayed as
+.QT ^I ,
+and the end of the line is marked with a
+.QT $
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY map
+.IP "map[!] [lhs rhs]"
+Define or display maps (for
+.CO vi
+only).
+.sp
+If
+.QT lhs
+and
+.QT rhs
+are not specified, the current set of command mode maps are displayed.
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to to the command,
+the text input mode maps are displayed.
+.sp
+Otherwise, when the
+.QT lhs
+character sequence is entered in
+.CO vi ,
+the action is as if the corresponding
+.QT rhs
+had been entered.
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to the command name,
+the mapping is effective during text input mode,
+otherwise, it is effective during command mode.
+This allows
+.QT lhs
+to have two different macro definitions at the same time: one for command
+mode and one for input mode.
+.sp
+Whitespace characters require escaping with a
+.LI <literal next>
+character to be entered in the
+.LI lhs
+string in visual mode.
+.sp
+Normally, keys in the
+.LI rhs
+string are remapped (see the
+.OP remap
+option),
+and it is possible to create infinite loops.
+However, keys which map to themselves are not further remapped,
+regardless of the setting of the
+.OP remap
+option.
+For example, the command
+.QT ":map n nz."
+maps the
+.QT n
+key to the
+.CO n
+and
+.CO z
+commands.
+.sp
+To exit an infinitely looping map, use the terminal
+.LI <interrupt>
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY mark
+.KY k
+.IP "[line] ma[rk] <character>"
+.Ip "[line] k <character>"
+Mark the line with the mark
+.LI <character> .
+The expressions
+.QT '<character>
+and
+.QT `<character>
+can then be used as an address in any command that uses one.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY move
+.IP "[range] m[ove] line"
+Move the specified lines after the target line.
+A target line of 0 places the lines at the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first of the moved lines.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY mkexrc
+.IP "mk[exrc][!] file"
+Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
+file.
+Information is written in a form which can later be read back in
+using the
+.CO ex
+.CO source
+command.
+If
+.LI file
+already exists, the
+.CO mkexrc
+command will fail.
+This check can be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY next
+.IP "n[ext][!] [file ...]"
+Edit the next file from the argument list.
+The
+.CO next
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+The argument list can optionally be replaced by specifying a new one
+as arguments to this command.
+In this case, editing starts with the first file on the new list.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the options
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany .
+.SE
+.KY open
+.IP "[line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]"
+Enter open mode.
+Open mode is the same as being in
+.CO vi ,
+but with a one-line window.
+All the standard
+.CO vi
+commands are available.
+If a match is found for the optional RE argument,
+the cursor is set to the start of the matching pattern.
+.sp
+.i "This command is not yet implemented."
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged, unless the optional RE is specified, in which case it is
+set to the line where the matching pattern is found.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP open
+option.
+.SE
+.KY preserve
+.IP "pre[serve]"
+Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the
+.CO ex
+.b \-r
+option.
+When the file is preserved, an email message is sent to the user.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY previous
+.IP "prev[ious][!]"
+Edit the previous file from the argument list.
+The
+.CO previous
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the options
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany .
+None.
+.SE
+.KY print
+.IP "[range] p[rint] [count] [flags]"
+Display the specified lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY put
+.IP "[line] pu[t] [buffer]"
+Append buffer contents to the current line.
+If a buffer is specified, its contents are appended to the line,
+otherwise, the contents of the unnamed buffer are used.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line after the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY quit
+.IP "q[uit][!]"
+End the editing session.
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO quit
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.sp
+If there are more files to edit, the
+.CO quit
+command will fail.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.CO quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY read
+.IP "[line] r[ead][!] [file]"
+Read a file.
+A copy of the specified file is appended to the line.
+If
+.LI line
+is 0, the copy is inserted at the beginning of the file.
+If no file is specified, the current file is read; if there is no
+current file, then
+.LI file
+becomes the current file.
+If there is no current file and no
+.LI file
+is specified, then the
+.CO read
+command will fail.
+.sp
+If
+.LI file
+is preceded by a
+.QT !
+character,
+.LI file
+is treated as if it were a shell command, and passed to the program
+named by the
+.LI SHELL
+environment variable.
+The standard and standard error outputs of that command are read into
+the file after the specified line.
+The special meaning of the
+.QT !
+character can be overridden by escaping it with a backslash
+.PQ \e
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+When executed from
+.CO ex ,
+the current line is set to the last line read.
+When executed from
+.CO vi ,
+the current line is set to the first line read.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY recover
+.IP "rec[over] file"
+Recover
+.LI file
+if it was previously saved.
+If no saved file by that name exists, the
+.CO recover
+command behaves similarly to the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY resize
+.IP "res[ize] [+|-]size"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Grow or shrink the current screen.
+If
+.LI size
+is a positive, signed number, the current screen is grown by that many lines.
+If
+.LI size
+is a negative, signed number, the current screen is shrunk by that many lines.
+If
+.LI size
+is not signed, the current screen is set to the specified
+.LI size .
+Applicable only to split screens.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY rewind
+.IP "rew[ind][!]"
+Rewind the argument list.
+If the current file has been modified since the last complete write,
+the
+.CO rewind
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.sp
+Otherwise, the current file is set to the first file in the argument
+list.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY set
+.IP "se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]"
+Display or set editor options.
+When no arguments are specified, the editor option
+.OP term ,
+and any editor options whose values have been changed from the
+default settings are displayed.
+If the argument
+.LI all
+is specified, the values of all of editor options are displayed.
+.sp
+Specifying an option name followed by the character
+.QT ?
+causes the current value of that option to be displayed.
+The
+.QT ?
+can be separated from the option name by whitespace characters.
+The
+.QT ?
+is necessary only for Boolean valued options.
+Boolean options can be given values by the form
+.QT "set option"
+to turn them on, or
+.QT "set nooption"
+to turn them off.
+String and numeric options can be assigned by the form
+.QT "set option=value" .
+Any whitespace characters in strings can be included literally by preceding
+each with a backslash.
+More than one option can be set or listed by a single set command,
+by specifying multiple arguments, each separated from the next by
+whitespace characters.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY shell
+.IP "sh[ell]"
+Run a shell program.
+The program named by the
+.OP shell
+option is run with a
+.b \-i
+(for interactive) flag.
+Editing is resumed when that program exits.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY source
+.IP "so[urce] file"
+Read and execute
+.CO ex
+commands from a file.
+.CO Source
+commands may be nested.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY split
+.IP "sp[lit] [file ...]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Split the screen.
+The current screen is split into two screens, of approximately equal size.
+If the cursor is in the lower half of the screen, the screen will split
+up, i.e. the new screen will be above the old one.
+If the cursor is in the upper half of the screen, the new screen will be
+below the old one.
+.sp
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, the new screen is editing that file, otherwise, both
+screens are editing the same file, and changes in each will be
+be reflected in the other.
+The argument list for the new screen consists of the list of files
+specified as arguments to this command, or, the current pathname if
+no files are specified.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, set as for the
+.CO edit
+command, otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY substitute
+.IP "[range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]"
+.KY &
+.Ip "[range] & [options] [count] [flags]"
+.KY ~
+.Ip "[range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]"
+Make substitutions.
+Replace the first instance of
+.LI pattern
+with the string
+.LI replace
+on the specified line(s).
+If the
+.QT /pattern/repl/
+argument is not specified, the
+.QT /pattern/repl/
+from the previous
+.CO substitute
+command is used.
+.sp
+If
+.LI options
+includes the letter
+.QT c
+(confirm), you will be prompted for confirmation before each replacement
+is done.
+An affirmative response (in English, a
+.QT y
+character) causes the replacement to be made.
+A quit response (in English, a
+.QT q
+character) causes the
+.CO substitute
+command to be terminated.
+Any other response causes the replacement not to be made, and the
+.CO substitute
+command continues.
+If
+.LI options
+includes the letter
+.QT g
+(global), all nonoverlapping instances of
+.LI pattern
+in the line are replaced.
+.sp
+The
+.CO &
+version of the command is the same as not specifying a pattern
+or replacement string to the
+.CO substitute
+command, and the
+.QT &
+is replaced by the pattern and replacement information from the
+previous substitute command.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ~
+version of the command is the same as
+.CO &
+and
+.CO s ,
+except that the search pattern used is the last RE used in
+.i any
+command, not necessarily the one used in the last
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.sp
+For example, in the sequence
+.ft C
+.(b
+s/red/blue/
+/green
+~
+.)b
+.ft R
+the
+.QT ~
+is equivalent to
+.QT s/green/blue/ .
+.sp
+The
+.CO substitute
+command may be interrupted, using the terminal interrupt character.
+All substitutions completed before the interrupt are retained.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which a substitution was made.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY suspend
+.IP "su[spend][!]"
+.KY stop
+.Ip "st[op][!]"
+.KY <control-Z>
+.Ip <control-Z>
+Suspend the edit session.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to these commands turns off the
+.OP autowrite
+option for the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY tag
+.IP "ta[g][!] tagstring"
+Edit the file containing the specified tag.
+Search for the tagstring, which can be in a different file.
+If the tag is in a different file, then the new file is edited.
+If the current file has been modified since the last complete write,
+the
+.CO tag
+command will fail.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.sp
+The
+.CO tag
+command searches for
+.LI tagstring
+in the tags file(s) specified by the
+.Op tags
+option.
+(See
+.XR ctags 1
+for more information on tags files.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+.OP taglength ,
+.OP tags
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY tagpop
+.IP "tagp[op][!] [file | number]"
+Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
+If neither
+.LI file
+or
+.LI number
+is specified, the
+.CO tagpop
+command pops to the most recent entry on the tags stack.
+If
+.LI file
+or
+.LI number
+is specified, the
+.CO tagpop
+command pops to the most recent entry in the tags stack for that file,
+or numbered entry in the tags stack, respectively.
+(See the
+.CO display
+command for information on displaying the tags stack.)
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO tagpop
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY tagtop
+.IP "tagt[op][!]"
+Pop to the least recent tag on the tags stack, clearing the tags stack.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO tagpop
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY unabbrev
+.IP "una[bbrev] lhs"
+Delete an abbreviation.
+Delete
+.LI lhs
+from the current list of abbreviations.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY undo
+.IP "u[ndo]"
+Undo the last change made to the file.
+Changes made by
+.CO global ,
+.CO v ,
+.CO visual
+and map sequences are considered a single command.
+If repeated, the
+.CO u
+command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line modified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY unmap
+.IP "unm[ap][!] lhs"
+Unmap a mapped string.
+Delete the command mode map definition for
+.LI lhs .
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to the command name, delete the text input mode
+map definition instead.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY version
+.IP "ve[rsion]"
+Display the version of the
+.CO ex/vi
+editor.
+.KY visual
+.IP "[line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]"
+.CO Ex
+mode only.
+Enter
+.CO vi .
+The
+.LI type
+is optional, and can be
+.QT \- ,
+.QT +
+or
+.QT ^ ,
+as in the
+.CO ex
+.CO z
+command, to specify the the position of the specified line in the screen
+window.
+(The default is to place the line at the top of the screen window.)
+A
+.LI count
+specifies the number of lines that will initially be displayed.
+(The default is the value of the
+.OP window
+editor option.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless
+.LI line
+is specified, in which case it is set to that line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY visual
+.IP "vi[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Edit a new file.
+Identical to the
+.QT "edit[!] [+cmd] [file]"
+command.
+.KY viusage
+.IP "viu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for a
+.CO vi
+command.
+If
+.LI command
+is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed.
+Otherwise, usage statements for all
+.CO vi
+commands are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY write
+.IP "[range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]"
+.Ip "[range] w[rite] [!] [file]"
+.KY wn
+.Ip "[range] wn[!] [>>] [file]"
+.KY wq
+.Ip "[range] wq[!] [>>] [file]"
+Write the file.
+The specified lines (the entire file, if no range is given) is written
+to
+.LI file .
+If
+.LI file
+is not specified, the current pathname is used.
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, and it exists, or if the current pathname was set using the
+.CO file
+command, and the file already exists, these commands will fail.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name will override this check and the write
+will be attempted, regardless.
+.sp
+Specifying the optional
+.QT >>
+string will cause the write to be appended to the file, in which case
+no tests are made for the file already existing.
+.sp
+If the file is preceded by a
+.QT !
+character, the program named in the SHELL environment variable is
+invoked with file as its second argument, and the specified lines
+are passed as standard input to that command.
+The
+.QT !
+in this usage must be separated from command name by at least one
+whitespace character.
+The special meaning of the
+.QT !
+may be overridden by escaping it with a backslash
+.PQ \e
+character.
+.sp
+The
+.CO wq
+version of the write command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.sp
+The
+.CO wn
+version of the write command will move to the next file after writing
+the file, unless the write fails.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP readonly
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY xit
+.IP "[range] x[it][!] [file]"
+Write the file if it has been modified.
+The specified lines are written to
+.LI file ,
+if the file has been modified since the last complete write to any
+file.
+If no
+.LI range
+is specified, the entire file is written.
+.sp
+The
+.CO xit
+command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP readonly
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY yank
+.IP "[range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]"
+Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
+If no buffer is specified, the unnamed buffer is used.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY z
+.IP "[line] z [type] [count] [flags]"
+Adjust the window.
+If no
+.LI type
+is specified, then
+.LI count
+lines following the specified line are displayed.
+The default
+.LI count
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+The
+.LI type
+argument changes the position at which
+.LI line
+is displayed on the screen by changing the number of lines
+displayed before and after
+.LI line .
+The following
+.LI type
+characters may be used:
+.SS
+.SP \-
+Place the line at the bottom of the screen.
+.SP +
+Place the line at the top of the screen.
+.SP \&.
+Place the line in the middle of the screen.
+.SP ^
+Write out count lines starting
+.LI "count * 2"
+lines before
+.LI line ;
+the net effect of this is that a
+.QT z^
+command following a
+.CO z
+command writes the previous page.
+.SP =
+Center
+.LI line
+on the screen with a line of hyphens displayed immediately before and
+after it.
+The number of preceding and following lines of text displayed are
+reduced to account for those lines.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed, with the exception of the
+.Dq Li \&=
+.LI type ,
+where the current line is set to the line specified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.Sy window
+option.
+.SE
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..16b51520a778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#	@(#)merge.awk	8.3 (Berkeley) 5/26/94
+#
+# merge index entries into one line per label
+$1 == prev {
+	printf ", %s", $2;
+	next;
+}
+{
+	if (NR != 1)
+		printf "\n";
+	printf "%s \t%s", $1, $2;
+	prev = $1;
+}
+END {
+	printf "\n"
+}
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/paper.ps b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/paper.ps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e429d56ba11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/paper.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,30924 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-1.0
+%%Creator: python.bostic.com:root (Charlie,458E,7750)
+%%Title: stdin (ditroff)
+%%CreationDate: Mon Aug 15 14:24:12 1994
+%%EndComments
+%	@(#)psdit.pro	1.6 11/6/90
+% lib/psdit.pro -- prolog for psdit (ditroff) files
+% Copyright (c) 1984, 1985 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
+% last edit: shore Sat Nov 23 20:28:03 1985
+% RCSID: $Header: psdit.pro,v 2.1 85/11/24 12:19:43 shore Rel $
+
+% Changed by Edward Wang (edward@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu) to handle graphics,
+% 17 Feb, 87.
+
+/$DITroff 140 dict def $DITroff begin
+/fontnum 1 def /fontsize 10 def /fontheight 10 def /fontslant 0 def
+/xi{0 72 11 mul translate 72 resolution div dup neg scale 0 0 moveto
+ /fontnum 1 def /fontsize 10 def /fontheight 10 def /fontslant 0 def F}def
+/PB{save /psv exch def currentpoint translate 
+ resolution 72 div dup neg scale 0 0 moveto}def
+/PE{psv restore}def
+/arctoobig 90 def /arctoosmall .05 def
+/m1 matrix def /m2 matrix def /m3 matrix def /oldmat matrix def
+/tan{dup sin exch cos div}def
+/point{resolution 72 div mul}def
+/dround	{transform round exch round exch itransform}def
+/xT{/devname exch def}def
+/xr{/mh exch def /my exch def /resolution exch def}def
+/xp{}def
+/xs{docsave restore end}def
+/xt{}def
+/xf{/fontname exch def /slotno exch def fontnames slotno get fontname eq not
+ {fonts slotno fontname findfont put fontnames slotno fontname put}if}def
+/xH{/fontheight exch def F}def
+/xS{/fontslant exch def F}def
+/s{/fontsize exch def /fontheight fontsize def F}def
+/f{/fontnum exch def F}def
+/F{fontheight 0 le{/fontheight fontsize def}if
+ fonts fontnum get fontsize point 0 0 fontheight point neg 0 0 m1 astore
+ fontslant 0 ne{1 0 fontslant tan 1 0 0 m2 astore m3 concatmatrix}if
+ makefont setfont .04 fontsize point mul 0 dround pop setlinewidth}def
+/X{exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show}def
+/N{3 1 roll moveto show}def
+/Y{exch currentpoint pop exch moveto show}def
+/S{show}def
+/ditpush{}def/ditpop{}def
+/AX{3 -1 roll currentpoint exch pop moveto 0 exch ashow}def
+/AN{4 2 roll moveto 0 exch ashow}def
+/AY{3 -1 roll currentpoint pop exch moveto 0 exch ashow}def
+/AS{0 exch ashow}def
+/MX{currentpoint exch pop moveto}def
+/MY{currentpoint pop exch moveto}def
+/MXY{moveto}def
+/cb{pop}def	% action on unknown char -- nothing for now
+/n{}def/w{}def
+/p{pop showpage xi}def
+/Dt{/Dlinewidth exch def}def 1 Dt
+/Ds{/Ddash exch def}def -1 Ds
+/i{/Dstipple exch def}def 1 i
+/Dsetlinewidth{2 Dlinewidth mul setlinewidth}def
+/Dsetdash{Ddash 4 eq{[8 12]}{Ddash 16 eq{[32 36]}
+ {Ddash 20 eq{[32 12 8 12]}{[]}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse 0 setdash}def
+/Dstroke{gsave Dsetlinewidth Dsetdash 1 setlinecap stroke grestore
+ currentpoint newpath moveto}def
+/Dl{rlineto Dstroke}def
+/arcellipse{/diamv exch def /diamh exch def oldmat currentmatrix pop
+ currentpoint translate 1 diamv diamh div scale /rad diamh 2 div def
+ currentpoint exch rad add exch rad -180 180 arc oldmat setmatrix}def
+/Dc{dup arcellipse Dstroke}def
+/De{arcellipse Dstroke}def
+/Da{/endv exch def /endh exch def /centerv exch def /centerh exch def
+ /cradius centerv centerv mul centerh centerh mul add sqrt def
+ /eradius endv endv mul endh endh mul add sqrt def
+ /endang endv endh atan def
+ /startang centerv neg centerh neg atan def
+ /sweep startang endang sub dup 0 lt{360 add}if def
+ sweep arctoobig gt
+ {/midang startang sweep 2 div sub def /midrad cradius eradius add 2 div def
+  /midh midang cos midrad mul def /midv midang sin midrad mul def
+  midh neg midv neg endh endv centerh centerv midh midv Da
+  Da}
+ {sweep arctoosmall ge
+  {/controldelt 1 sweep 2 div cos sub 3 sweep 2 div sin mul div 4 mul def
+   centerv neg controldelt mul centerh controldelt mul
+   endv neg controldelt mul centerh add endh add
+   endh controldelt mul centerv add endv add
+   centerh endh add centerv endv add rcurveto Dstroke}
+  {centerh endh add centerv endv add rlineto Dstroke}
+  ifelse}
+ ifelse}def
+/Dpatterns[
+[%cf[widthbits]
+[8<0000000000000010>]
+[8<0411040040114000>]
+[8<0204081020408001>]
+[8<0000103810000000>]
+[8<6699996666999966>]
+[8<0000800100001008>]
+[8<81c36666c3810000>]
+[8<0f0e0c0800000000>]
+[8<0000000000000010>]
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+[8<0804020180402010>]
+[8<2418814242811824>]
+[8<6699996666999966>]
+[8<8000000008000000>]
+[8<00001c3e363e1c00>]
+[8<0000000000000000>]
+[32<00000040000000c00000004000000040000000e0000000000000000000000000>]
+[32<00000000000060000000900000002000000040000000f0000000000000000000>]
+[32<000000000000000000e0000000100000006000000010000000e0000000000000>]
+[32<00000000000000002000000060000000a0000000f00000002000000000000000>]
+[32<0000000e0000000000000000000000000000000f000000080000000e00000001>]
+[32<0000090000000600000000000000000000000000000007000000080000000e00>]
+[32<00010000000200000004000000040000000000000000000000000000000f0000>]
+[32<0900000006000000090000000600000000000000000000000000000006000000>]]
+[%ug
+[8<0000020000000000>]
+[8<0000020000002000>]
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+[8<0004060000402000>]
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+[8<060f0f066070f060>]
+[8<060f0f0660f0f060>]
+[8<060f0f0760f0f060>]
+[8<060f0f0760f0f070>]
+[8<0e0f0f0760f0f070>]
+[8<0e0f0f07e0f0f070>]
+[8<0e0f0f0fe0f0f070>]
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+[8<0f0f0f0ff0f0f0f0>]
+[8<1f0f0f0ff0f0f0f0>]
+[8<1f0f0f0ff1f0f0f0>]
+[8<1f0f0f8ff1f0f0f0>]
+[8<1f0f0f8ff1f0f0f8>]
+[8<9f0f0f8ff1f0f0f8>]
+[8<9f0f0f8ff9f0f0f8>]
+[8<9f0f0f9ff9f0f0f8>]
+[8<9f0f0f9ff9f0f0f9>]
+[8<9f8f0f9ff9f0f0f9>]
+[8<9f8f0f9ff9f8f0f9>]
+[8<9f8f1f9ff9f8f0f9>]
+[8<9f8f1f9ff9f8f1f9>]
+[8<bf8f1f9ff9f8f1f9>]
+[8<bf8f1f9ffbf8f1f9>]
+[8<bf8f1fdffbf8f1f9>]
+[8<bf8f1fdffbf8f1fd>]
+[8<ff8f1fdffbf8f1fd>]
+[8<ff8f1fdffff8f1fd>]
+[8<ff8f1ffffff8f1fd>]
+[8<ff8f1ffffff8f1ff>]
+[8<ff9f1ffffff8f1ff>]
+[8<ff9f1ffffff9f1ff>]
+[8<ff9f9ffffff9f1ff>]
+[8<ff9f9ffffff9f9ff>]
+[8<ffbf9ffffff9f9ff>]
+[8<ffbf9ffffffbf9ff>]
+[8<ffbfdffffffbf9ff>]
+[8<ffbfdffffffbfdff>]
+[8<ffffdffffffbfdff>]
+[8<ffffdffffffffdff>]
+[8<fffffffffffffdff>]
+[8<ffffffffffffffff>]]
+[%mg
+[8<8000000000000000>]
+[8<0822080080228000>]
+[8<0204081020408001>]
+[8<40e0400000000000>]
+[8<66999966>]
+[8<8001000010080000>]
+[8<81c36666c3810000>]
+[8<f0e0c08000000000>]
+[16<07c00f801f003e007c00f800f001e003c007800f001f003e007c00f801f003e0>]
+[16<1f000f8007c003e001f000f8007c003e001f800fc007e003f001f8007c003e00>]
+[8<c3c300000000c3c3>]
+[16<0040008001000200040008001000200040008000000100020004000800100020>]
+[16<0040002000100008000400020001800040002000100008000400020001000080>]
+[16<1fc03fe07df0f8f8f07de03fc01f800fc01fe03ff07df8f87df03fe01fc00f80>]
+[8<80>]
+[8<8040201000000000>]
+[8<84cc000048cc0000>]
+[8<9900009900000000>]
+[8<08040201804020100800020180002010>]
+[8<2418814242811824>]
+[8<66999966>]
+[8<8000000008000000>]
+[8<70f8d8f870000000>]
+[8<0814224180402010>]
+[8<aa00440a11a04400>]
+[8<018245aa45820100>]
+[8<221c224180808041>]
+[8<88000000>]
+[8<0855800080550800>]
+[8<2844004482440044>]
+[8<0810204080412214>]
+[8<00>]]]def
+/Dfill{
+ save 6 1 roll
+ transform /maxy exch def /maxx exch def
+ transform /miny exch def /minx exch def
+ minx maxx gt{/minx maxx /maxx minx def def}if
+ miny maxy gt{/miny maxy /maxy miny def def}if
+ Dpatterns Dstipple 1 sub get exch 1 sub get
+ aload pop /stip exch def /stipw exch def /stiph 128 def
+ /imatrix[stipw 0 0 stiph 0 0]def
+ /tmatrix[stipw 0 0 stiph 0 0]def
+ /minx minx cvi stiph idiv stiph mul def
+ /miny miny cvi stipw idiv stipw mul def
+ eoclip 0 setgray
+ miny stiph maxy{
+  tmatrix exch 5 exch put
+  minx stipw maxx{
+   tmatrix exch 4 exch put tmatrix setmatrix
+   stipw stiph true imatrix {stip} imagemask
+  }for
+ }for
+ restore
+}def
+/Dp{Dfill Dstroke}def
+/DP{Dfill currentpoint newpath moveto}def
+end
+
+/ditstart{$DITroff begin
+ /nfonts 60 def			% NFONTS makedev/ditroff dependent!
+ /fonts[nfonts{0}repeat]def
+ /fontnames[nfonts{()}repeat]def
+/docsave save def
+}def
+
+% character outcalls
+/oc{
+ /pswid exch def /cc exch def /name exch def
+ /ditwid pswid fontsize mul resolution mul 72000 div def
+ /ditsiz fontsize resolution mul 72 div def
+ ocprocs name known{ocprocs name get exec}{name cb}ifelse
+}def
+/fractm [.65 0 0 .6 0 0] def
+/fraction{
+ /fden exch def /fnum exch def gsave /cf currentfont def
+ cf fractm makefont setfont 0 .3 dm 2 copy neg rmoveto
+ fnum show rmoveto currentfont cf setfont(\244)show setfont fden show 
+ grestore ditwid 0 rmoveto
+}def
+/oce{grestore ditwid 0 rmoveto}def
+/dm{ditsiz mul}def
+/ocprocs 50 dict def ocprocs begin
+(14){(1)(4)fraction}def
+(12){(1)(2)fraction}def
+(34){(3)(4)fraction}def
+(13){(1)(3)fraction}def
+(23){(2)(3)fraction}def
+(18){(1)(8)fraction}def
+(38){(3)(8)fraction}def
+(58){(5)(8)fraction}def
+(78){(7)(8)fraction}def
+(sr){gsave 0 .06 dm rmoveto(\326)show oce}def
+(is){gsave 0 .15 dm rmoveto(\362)show oce}def
+(->){gsave 0 .02 dm rmoveto(\256)show oce}def
+(<-){gsave 0 .02 dm rmoveto(\254)show oce}def
+(==){gsave 0 .05 dm rmoveto(\272)show oce}def
+(uc){gsave currentpoint 400 .009 dm mul add translate
+     8 -8 scale ucseal oce}def
+end
+
+% an attempt at a PostScript FONT to implement ditroff special chars
+% this will enable us to 
+%	cache the little buggers
+%	generate faster, more compact PS out of psdit
+%	confuse everyone (including myself)!
+50 dict dup begin
+/FontType 3 def
+/FontName /DIThacks def
+/FontMatrix [.001 0 0 .001 0 0] def
+/FontBBox [-260 -260 900 900] def% a lie but ...
+/Encoding 256 array def
+0 1 255{Encoding exch /.notdef put}for
+Encoding
+ dup 8#040/space put %space
+ dup 8#110/rc put %right ceil
+ dup 8#111/lt put %left  top curl
+ dup 8#112/bv put %bold vert
+ dup 8#113/lk put %left  mid curl
+ dup 8#114/lb put %left  bot curl
+ dup 8#115/rt put %right top curl
+ dup 8#116/rk put %right mid curl
+ dup 8#117/rb put %right bot curl
+ dup 8#120/rf put %right floor
+ dup 8#121/lf put %left  floor
+ dup 8#122/lc put %left  ceil
+ dup 8#140/sq put %square
+ dup 8#141/bx put %box
+ dup 8#142/ci put %circle
+ dup 8#143/br put %box rule
+ dup 8#144/rn put %root extender
+ dup 8#145/vr put %vertical rule
+ dup 8#146/ob put %outline bullet
+ dup 8#147/bu put %bullet
+ dup 8#150/ru put %rule
+ dup 8#151/ul put %underline
+ pop
+/DITfd 100 dict def
+/BuildChar{0 begin
+ /cc exch def /fd exch def
+ /charname fd /Encoding get cc get def
+ /charwid fd /Metrics get charname get def
+ /charproc fd /CharProcs get charname get def
+ charwid 0 fd /FontBBox get aload pop setcachedevice
+ 2 setlinejoin 40 setlinewidth
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diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d59599d14268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)set.opt.roff	8.26 (Berkeley) 8/11/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Set Options"
+.pp
+There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to
+change the editor's behavior.
+This section describes the options, their abbreviations and their
+default values.
+.pp
+In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name
+of the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.
+(Regardless of the abbreviations, it is only necessary to use the
+minimum number of characters necessary to distinguish an abbreviation
+from all other commands for it to be accepted, in
+.EV nex nvi .
+Historically, only the full name and the official abbreviations
+were accepted by
+.EV ex vi .
+Using full names in your startup files and environmental variables will
+probably make them more portable.)
+The part in square brackets is the default value of the option.
+Most of the options are boolean, i.e. they are either on or off,
+and do not have an associated value.
+.pp
+Options apply to both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+modes, unless otherwise specified.
+.pp
+For information on modifying the options or to display the options and
+their current values, see the
+.QQ set
+command in the section entitled
+.QB "Ex Commands" .
+.KY altwerase
+.IP "altwerase [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Change how
+.CO vi
+does word erase during text input.
+When this option is set, text is broken up into three classes:
+alphabetic, numeric and underscore characters, other nonblank
+characters, and blank characters.
+Changing from one class to another marks the end of a word.
+In addition, the class of the first character erased is ignored
+(which is exactly what you want when erasing pathname components).
+.KY autoindent
+.IP "autoindent, ai [off]"
+If this option is set, whenever you create a new line (using the
+.CO vi
+.CO A ,
+.CO a ,
+.CO C ,
+.CO c ,
+.CO I ,
+.CO i ,
+.CO O ,
+.CO o ,
+.CO R ,
+.CO r ,
+.CO S ,
+and
+.CO s
+commands, or the
+.CO ex
+.CO append ,
+.CO change ,
+and
+.CO insert
+commands) the new line is automatically indented to align the cursor with
+the first nonblank character of the line from which you created it.
+Lines are indented using tab characters to the extent possible (based on
+the value of the
+.OP tabstop
+option) and then using space characters as necessary.
+For commands inserting text into the middle of a line, any blank characters
+to the right of the cursor are discarded, and the first nonblank character
+to the right of the cursor is aligned as described above.
+.sp
+The indent characters are themselves somewhat special.
+If you do not enter more characters on the new line before moving to
+another line, or entering
+.LI <escape> ,
+the indent character will be deleted and the line will be empty.
+For example, if you enter
+.LI <carriage-return>
+twice in succession,
+the line created by the first
+.LI <carriage-return>
+will not have any characters in it,
+regardless of the indentation of the previous or subsequent line.
+.sp
+Indent characters also require that you enter additional erase characters
+to delete them.
+For example,
+if you have an indented line, containing only blanks, the first
+.LI <word-erase>
+character you enter will erase up to end of the indent characters,
+and the second will erase back to the beginning of the line.
+(Historically, only the
+.CO <control-D>
+key would erase the indent characters.
+Both the
+.CO <control-D>
+key and the usual erase keys work in
+.CO nvi .)
+In addition, if the cursor is positioned at the end of the indent
+characters, the keys
+.QT 0<control-D>
+will erase all of the indent characters for the current line,
+resetting the indentation level to 0.
+Similarly, the keys
+.QT ^<control-D>
+will erase all of the indent characters for the current line,
+leaving the indentation level for future created lines unaffected.
+.sp
+Finally, if the
+.OP autoindent
+option is set, the
+.CO S
+and
+.CO cc
+commands change from the first nonblank of the line to the end of the
+line, instead of from the beginning of the line to the end of the line.
+.KY autoprint
+.IP "autoprint, ap [off]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+Cause the current line to be automatically displayed after the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO < ,
+.CO > ,
+.CO copy ,
+.CO delete ,
+.CO join ,
+.CO move ,
+.CO put ,
+.CO t ,
+.CO Undo ,
+and
+.CO undo .
+This automatic display is suppressed during
+.CO global
+and
+.CO vglobal
+commands, and for any command where optional flags are used to explicitly
+display the line.
+.KY autowrite
+.IP "autowrite, aw [off]"
+If this option is set, the
+.CO vi
+.CO ! ,
+.CO ^^ ,
+.CO ^]
+and
+.CO <control-Z>
+commands, and the
+.CO ex
+.CO edit ,
+.CO next ,
+.CO rewind ,
+.CO stop ,
+.CO suspend ,
+.CO tag ,
+.CO tagpop ,
+and
+.CO tagtop
+commands automatically write the current file back to the current file name
+if it has been modified since it was last written.
+If the write fails, the command fails and goes no further.
+.sp
+Appending the optional force flag character
+.QT !
+to the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO next ,
+.CO rewind ,
+.CO stop ,
+.CO suspend ,
+.CO tag ,
+.CO tagpop ,
+and
+.CO tagtop
+stops the automatic write from being attempted.
+.sp
+(Historically, the
+.CO next
+command ignored the optional force flag.)
+Note, the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO edit ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO shell ,
+and
+.CO xit
+are
+.i not
+affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.KY beautify
+.IP "beautify, bf [off]"
+If this option is set, all control characters that are not currently being
+specially interpreted, other than
+.LI <tab> ,
+.LI <newline> ,
+and
+.LI <form-feed> ,
+are
+discarded from commands read in by
+.CO ex
+from command files, and from input text entered to
+.CO vi
+(either into the file or to the colon command line).
+Text files read by
+.EV ex vi
+are
+.i not
+affected by the
+.OP beautify
+option.
+.KY cdpath
+.IP "cdpath [environment variable CDPATH, or current directory]"
+This option is used to specify a colon separated list of directories
+which are used as path prefixes for any relative path names used as
+arguments for the
+.CO cd
+command.
+The value of this option defaults to the value of the environmental
+variable
+.LI CDPATH
+if it is set, otherwise to the current directory.
+For compatibility with the POSIX 1003.2 shell, the
+.CO cd
+command does
+.i not
+check the current directory as a path prefix for relative path names
+unless it is explicitly specified.
+It may be so specified by entering an empty string or a
+.QT \&.
+character into the
+.LI CDPATH
+variable or the option value.
+.KY columns
+.IP "columns, co [80]"
+The number of columns in the screen.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI COLUMNS .
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+more information.
+.KY comment
+.IP "comment [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+If the first non-empty line of the file begins with the string
+.QT /\&* ,
+this option causes
+.CO vi
+to skip to the end of that C-language comment (probably a terribly boring
+legal notice) before displaying the file.
+.KY directory
+.IP "directory, dir [environment variable TMPDIR, or /tmp]"
+The directory where temporary files are created.
+The environmental variable
+.LI TMPDIR
+is used as the default value if it exists, otherwise
+.LI /tmp
+is used.
+.KY edcompatible
+.IP "edcompatible, ed [off]"
+Remember the values of the
+.QQ c
+and
+.QQ g
+suffices to the
+.CO substitute
+commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each new
+command.
+Specifying pattern and replacement strings to the
+.CO substitute
+command unsets the
+.QQ c
+and
+.QQ g
+suffices as well.
+.KY errorbells
+.IP "errorbells, eb [off]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+.CO Ex
+error messages are normally presented in inverse video.
+If that is not possible for the terminal, setting this option causes
+error messages to be announced by ringing the terminal bell.
+.KY exrc
+.IP "exrc, ex [off]"
+If this option is turned off in the system or $HOME startup files,
+the local startup files are never read (unless they are the same
+as the system or $HOME startup files).
+Turning it on has no effect, i.e. the normal checks for local startup
+files are performed, regardless.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Startup Information"
+for more information.
+.KY extended
+.IP "extended [off]"
+This option causes all regular expressions to be treated as POSIX
+1003.2 Extended Regular Expressions (which are similar to historic
+.XR egrep 1
+style expressions).
+.KY flash
+.IP "flash [on]"
+This option causes the screen to flash instead of beeping the keyboard,
+on error, if the terminal has the capability.
+.KY hardtabs
+.IP "hardtabs, ht [8]"
+This option defines the spacing between hardware tab settings, i.e.
+the tab expansion done by the operating system and/or the terminal
+itself.
+As
+.EV nex nvi
+never writes
+.LI <tab>
+characters to the terminal, unlike historic versions of
+.EV ex vi ,
+this option does not currently have any affect.
+.KY ignorecase
+.IP "ignorecase, ic [off]"
+This option causes regular expressions, both in
+.CO ex
+commands and in searches,
+to be evaluated in a case-insensitive manner.
+.KY keytime
+.IP "keytime [6]"
+The 10th's of a second
+.EV ex vi
+waits for a subsequent key to complete a key mapping.
+.KY leftright
+.IP "leftright [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes the screen to be scrolled left-right to view
+lines longer than the screen, instead of the traditional
+.CO vi
+screen interface which folds long lines at the right-hand margin
+of the terminal.
+.KY lines
+.IP "lines, li [24]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The number of lines in the screen.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI LINES .
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+for more information.
+.KY lisp
+.IP "lisp [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option changes the behavior of the
+.CO vi
+.CO ( ,
+.CO ) ,
+.CO { ,
+.CO } ,
+.CO [[
+and
+.CO ]]
+commands to match the Lisp language.
+Also, the
+.OP autoindent
+option's behavior is changed to be appropriate for Lisp.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY list
+.IP "list [off]"
+This option causes lines to be displayed in an unambiguous fashion.
+Specifically, tabs are displayed as control characters, i.e.
+.QT ^I ,
+and the ends of lines are marked with a
+.QT $
+character.
+.KY magic
+.IP "magic [on]"
+This option is on by default.
+Turning the
+.OP magic
+option off causes all regular expression characters except for
+.QT ^
+and
+.QT $ ,
+to be treated as ordinary characters.
+To re-enable characters individually, when the
+.OP magic
+option is off,
+precede them with a backslash
+.QT \e
+character.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Regular Expressions and Replacement Strings"
+for more information.
+.KY matchtime
+.IP "matchtime [7]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The 10th's of a second
+.EV ex vi
+pauses on the matching character when the
+.OP showmatch
+option is set.
+.KY mesg
+.IP "mesg [on]"
+This option allows other users to contact you using the
+.XR talk 1
+and
+.XR write 1
+utilities, while you are editing.
+.EV Ex vi
+does not turn message on, i.e. if messages were turned off when the
+editor was invoked, they will stay turned off.
+This option only permits you to disallow messages for the edit session.
+See the
+.XR mesg 1
+utility for more information.
+.KY modelines
+.IP "modelines, modeline [off]"
+If the
+.OP modelines
+option is set,
+.EV ex vi
+has historically scanned the first and last five lines of each file as
+it is read for editing, looking for any
+.CO ex
+commands that have been placed in those lines.
+After the startup information has been processed, and before the user
+starts editing the file, any commands embedded in the file are executed.
+.sp
+Commands were recognized by the letters
+.QQ e
+or
+.QQ v
+followed by
+.QQ x
+or
+.QQ i ,
+at the beginning of a line or following a tab or space character,
+and followed by a
+.QQ : ,
+an
+.CO ex
+command, and another
+.QQ : .
+.sp
+This option is a security problem of immense proportions,
+and should not be used under any circumstances.
+.sp
+.i "This option will never be implemented."
+.KY number
+.IP "number, nu [off]"
+Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
+.KY octal
+.IP "octal [off]"
+Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
+hexadecimal.
+.KY open
+.IP "open [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+If this option is not set, the
+.CO open
+and
+.CO visual
+commands are disallowed.
+.KY optimize
+.IP "optimize, opt [on]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Throughput of text is expedited by setting the terminal not to do automatic
+carriage returns when printing more than one (logical) line of output,
+greatly speeding output on terminals without addressable cursors when text
+with leading white space is printed.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY paragraphs
+.IP "paragraphs, para [IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Define additional paragraph boundaries for the
+.CO {
+and
+.CO }
+commands.
+The value of this option must be a character string consisting
+of zero or more character pairs.
+.sp
+In the text to be edited, the character string
+.LI "<newline>.<char-pair>" ,
+(where
+.LI <char-pair>
+is one of the character pairs in the option's value)
+defines a paragraph boundary.
+For example, if the option were set to
+.LI "LaA<space>##" ,
+then all of the following additional paragraph boundaries would be
+recognized:
+.sp
+.(l
+<newline>.La
+<newline>.A<space>
+<newline>.##
+.)l
+.KY prompt
+.IP "prompt [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO ex
+to prompt for command input with a
+.QT :
+character; when it is not set, no prompt is displayed.
+.KY readonly
+.IP "readonly, ro [off]"
+This option causes a force flag to be required to attempt to write
+the file back to the original file name.
+Setting this option is equivalent to using the
+.b \-R
+command line option, or editing a file which lacks write permission.
+.KY recdir
+.IP "recdir [/var/tmp/vi.recover]"
+The directory where recovery files are stored.
+.sp
+If you change the value of
+.CO recdir ,
+be careful to choose a directory whose contents are not regularly
+deleted.
+Bad choices include directories in memory based filesystems,
+or
+.LI /tmp ,
+on most systems,
+as their contents are removed when the machine is rebooted.
+.sp
+Public directories like
+.LI /usr/tmp
+and
+.LI /var/tmp
+are usually safe, although some sites periodically prune old files
+from them.
+There is no requirement that you use a public directory,
+e.g. a sub-directory of your home directory will work fine.
+.sp
+Finally, if you change the value of
+.CO recdir ,
+you must modify the recovery script to operate in your chosen recovery
+area.
+.sp
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Recovery"
+for further information.
+.KY redraw
+.IP "redraw, re [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The editor simulates (using great amounts of output), an intelligent
+terminal on a dumb terminal (e.g. during insertions in
+.CO vi
+the characters to the right of the cursor are refreshed as each input
+character is typed).
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY remap
+.IP "remap [on]"
+If this option is set,
+it is possible to define macros in terms of other macros.
+Otherwise, each key is only remapped up to one time.
+For example, if
+.QT A
+is mapped to
+.QT B ,
+and
+.QT B
+is mapped to
+.QT C ,
+The keystroke
+.QT A
+will be mapped to
+.QT C
+if the
+.OP remap
+option is set, and to
+.QT B
+if it is not set.
+.KY report
+.IP "report [5]"
+Set the threshold of the number of lines that need to be changed or
+yanked before a message will be displayed to the user.
+For everything but the yank command, the value is the largest value
+about which the editor is silent, i.e. by default, 6 lines must be
+deleted before the user is notified.
+However, if the number of lines yanked is greater than
+.i "or equal to"
+the set value, it is reported to the user.
+.KY ruler
+.IP "ruler [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
+.KY scroll
+.IP "scroll, scr [window / 2]"
+Set the number of lines scrolled by the
+.CO vi
+.CO <control-D>
+and
+.CO <control-U>
+commands.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO ex
+.CO z
+command, when specified without a count, used two times the size of the
+scroll value; the POSIX 1003.2 standard specified the window size, which
+is a better choice.
+.KY sections
+.IP "sections, sect [NHSHH HUnhsh]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Define additional section boundaries for the
+.CO [[
+and
+.CO ]]
+commands.
+The
+.OP sections
+option should be set to a character string consisting of zero or
+more character pairs.
+In the text to be edited, the character string
+.LI "<newline>.<char-pair>" ,
+(where
+.LI <char-pair>
+is one of the character pairs in the option's value),
+defines a section boundary in the same manner that
+.OP paragraph
+option boundaries are defined.
+.KY shell
+.IP "shell, sh [environment variable SHELL, or /bin/sh]"
+Select the shell used by the editor.
+The specified path is the pathname of the shell invoked by the
+.CO vi
+.CO !
+shell escape command and by the
+.CO ex
+.CO shell
+command.
+This program is also used to resolve any shell meta-characters in
+.CO ex
+commands.
+.KY shiftwidth
+.IP "shiftwidth, sw [8]"
+Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
+This width is used by the
+.OP autoindent
+option and by the
+.CO < ,
+.CO > ,
+and
+.CO shift
+commands.
+.KY showdirty
+.IP "showdirty [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Display an asterisk on the colon command line if the file has been modified.
+.KY showmatch
+.IP "showmatch, sm [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO vi ,
+when a
+.QT }
+or
+.QT )
+is entered, to briefly move the cursor the matching
+.QT {
+or
+.QT ( .
+See the
+.OP matchtime
+option for more information.
+.KY showmode
+.IP "showmode [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO vi
+to display a string identifying the current editor mode on the
+colon command line.
+.KY sidescroll
+.IP "sidescroll [16]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Sets the number of columns that are shifted to the left or right,
+when
+.CO vi
+is doing left-right scrolling and the left or right margin is
+crossed.
+See the
+.OP leftright
+option for more information.
+.KY slowopen
+.IP "slowopen, slow [off]"
+This option affects the display algorithm used by
+.CO vi ,
+holding off display updating during input of new text to improve
+throughput when the terminal in use is slow and unintelligent.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY sourceany
+.IP "sourceany [off]"
+If this option is turned on,
+.CO vi
+historically read startup files that were owned by someone other than
+the editor user.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Startup Information"
+for more information.
+This option is a security problem of immense proportions,
+and should not be used under any circumstances.
+.sp
+.i "This option will never be implemented."
+.KY tabstop
+.IP "tabstop, ts [8]"
+This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
+.KY taglength
+.IP "taglength, tl [0]"
+This option sets the maximum number of characters that are considered
+significant in a tag name.
+Setting the value to 0 makes all of the characters in the tag name
+significant.
+.KY tags
+.IP "tags, tag [tags /var/db/libc.tags /sys/kern/tags]"
+Sets the list of tags files, in search order,
+which are used when the editor searches for a tag.
+.KY term
+.IP "term, ttytype, tty [environment variable TERM]"
+Set the terminal type.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI TERM .
+.KY terse
+.IP "terse [off]"
+This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.
+It has no effect in this implementation.
+See the
+.OP verbose
+option for more information.
+.KY tildeop
+.IP "tildeop"
+Modify the
+.CO ~
+command to take an associated motion.
+.KY timeout
+.IP "timeout, to [on]"
+If this option is set,
+.EV ex vi
+waits for a specific period for a subsequent key to complete a key
+mapping (see the
+.OP keytime
+option).
+If the option is not set, the editor waits until enough keys are
+entered to resolve the ambiguity, regardless of how long it takes.
+.KY ttywerase
+.IP "ttywerase [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option changes how
+.CO vi
+does word erase during text input.
+If this option is set, text is broken up into two classes,
+blank characters and nonblank characters.
+Changing from one class to another marks the end of a word.
+.KY verbose
+.IP "verbose [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+.CO Vi
+historically bells the terminal for many obvious mistakes, e.g. trying
+to move past the left-hand margin, or past the end of the file.
+If this option is set, an error message is displayed for all errors.
+.KY w300
+.IP "w300 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY w1200
+.IP "w1200 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY w9600
+.IP "w9600 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY warn
+.IP "warn [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+This option causes a warning message to the terminal if the file has
+been modified, since it was last written, before a
+.CO !
+command.
+.KY window
+.IP "window, w, wi [environment variable LINES]"
+This option determines the default number of lines in a screenful,
+as written by the
+.CO z
+command.
+It also determines the number of lines scrolled by the
+.CO vi
+commands
+.CO <control-F>
+and
+.CO <control-B> .
+The value of window can be unrelated to the real screen size,
+although it starts out as the number of lines on the screen (see
+the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+for more information).
+Setting the value of the
+.OP window
+option is the same as using the
+.b \-w
+command line option.
+.sp
+If the value of the
+.OP window
+option (as set by the
+.OP window ,
+.OP w300 ,
+.OP w1200
+or
+.OP w9600
+options) is smaller than the actual size of the screen, large screen
+movements will result in displaying only that smaller number of lines
+on the screen.
+(Further movements in that same area will result in the screen being
+filled.)
+This can provide a performance improvement when viewing different
+places in one or more files over a slow link.
+.KY wrapmargin
+.IP "wrapmargin, wm [0]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+If the value of the
+.OP wrapmargin
+option is non-zero,
+.CO vi
+will split lines so that they end at least that number of characters
+before the right-hand margin of the screen.
+(Note, the value of
+.OP wrapmargin
+is
+.i not
+a text length.
+In a screen that is 80 columns wide, the command
+.QT ":set wrapmargin=8"
+attempts to keep the lines less than or equal to 72 columns wide.)
+.sp
+Lines are split at the previous whitespace character closest to the
+number.
+Any trailing whitespace characters before that character are deleted.
+If the line is split because of an inserted
+.LI <space>
+or
+.LI <tab>
+character, and you then enter another
+.LI <space>
+character, it is discarded.
+.sp
+If wrapmargin is set to 0,
+or if there is no blank character upon which to split the line,
+the line is not broken.
+.KY wrapscan
+.IP "wrapscan, ws [on]"
+This option causes searches to wrap around the end or the beginning
+of the file, and back to the starting point.
+Otherwise, the end or beginning of the file terminates the search.
+.KY writeany
+.IP "writeany, wa [off]"
+If this option is set, file-overwriting checks that would usually be
+made before the
+.CO write
+and
+.CO xit
+commands, or before an automatic write (see the
+.OP autowrite
+option), are not made.
+This allows a write to any file, provided the file permissions allow it.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60084e31bcf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+Amir
+Autoprint
+BRE's
+Bostic
+Bourne
+DOUBLEQUOTE
+Dq
+Ds
+ERE's
+EXINIT
+Englar
+Ev
+FF
+Fa
+Fl
+HUnhsh
+IPLPPPQPP
+Kirkendall
+Korn
+LIpplpipbp
+LaA
+Li
+Lowercase
+MINUSSIGN
+Makefiles
+NEX
+NEXINIT
+NHSHH
+NVI
+Nex
+Nvi
+OS
+POSIX
+PostScript
+RE's
+README
+RECDIR
+Reference''USD:13
+SIGHUP
+SIGWINCH
+SQUOTE
+Se
+Std
+Std1003.2
+Sy
+TANDARDS
+TIOCGWINSZ
+TMPDIR
+Todo
+USD.doc
+USD:13
+UUNET
+Vx
+Whitespace
+XOFF
+XON
+XOptions
+XXCOLUMNS
+XXXX
+XXXXXX
+XXb
+ZZ
+ab
+abbrev
+ags
+ai
+al
+altwerase
+arg
+args
+autoindent
+autoprint
+autowrite
+aw
+bbrev
+bf
+bigword
+bigwords
+bostic
+brev
+bugs.current
+c2w
+carat
+cdy
+changelog
+chd
+cmd
+count1
+count2
+creens
+cs.berkeley.edu
+db
+dbopen
+def
+di
+dir
+dit
+docs
+eFlRsv
+eFlRv
+ead
+eb
+edcompatible
+elete
+elvis
+email
+enum
+eof
+errorbells
+esc
+ex.cmd.roff
+exrc
+ext
+exu
+exusage
+fi
+filesystem
+filesystems
+ftp.cs.berkeley.edu
+ftp.uu.net
+gdb
+gdb.script
+gs
+gzip'd
+halfbyte
+hange
+hangup
+hardtabs
+ht
+ic
+ifdef
+ignorecase
+ile
+ind
+ious
+ir
+ist
+ize
+keystroke
+keystrokes
+keytime
+leftright
+lhs
+li
+lib
+libc.tags
+lobal
+lowercase
+lp
+matchtime
+mber
+meta
+mk
+mkexrc
+modeful
+modeline
+modelines
+ndo
+nex
+nexrc
+nk
+nomagic
+nooption
+nsert
+nul
+nvi
+nvi.tar.Z
+nvi.tar.z
+nz
+oin
+op
+ove
+para
+pathname
+pathnames
+ppend
+pu
+py
+rc.local
+readonly
+rec
+recdir
+recfile
+recover.XXXX
+recover.XXXXXX
+recover.c
+recover.script
+remapmax
+res
+rew
+rhs
+ript
+rk
+ro
+roff
+rsion
+sc
+scr
+screeen
+se
+set.opt.roff
+shiftwidth
+showmatch
+showmode
+sidescroll
+slowopen
+sm
+sourceany
+sp
+spell.ok
+st
+sual
+svi
+sw
+ta
+tabstop
+taglength
+tagp
+tagpop
+tagstring
+tagt
+tagtop
+terminfo
+th
+tildeop
+tl
+tmp
+ts
+ttytype
+ttywerase
+uR
+ubstitute
+ucb
+uffers
+uit
+una
+unabbrev
+unm
+uppercase
+urce
+uunet
+var
+ve
+vglobal
+vi.0.ps
+vi.0.txt
+vi.1
+vi.XXXX
+vi.XXXXXX
+vi.cmd.roff
+vi.exrc
+vi.recover
+vibackup
+virecovery
+viu
+viusage
+wa
+whitespace
+wi
+wm
+wn
+wq
+wrapmargin
+wrapscan
+writeany
+ws
+xaw
+xit
+ya
+yy
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57c0d372af69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,2984 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.cmd.roff	8.28 (Berkeley) 7/17/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Vi Description"
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+takes up the entire screen to display the edited file,
+except for the bottom line of the screen.
+The bottom line of the screen is used to enter
+.CO ex
+commands, and for
+.CO vi
+error and informational messages.
+If no other information is being displayed,
+the default display can show the current cursor row and cursor column,
+an indication of whether the file has been modified,
+and the current mode of the editor.
+See the
+.OP ruler ,
+.OP showdirty
+and
+.OP showmode
+options for more information.
+.pp
+Empty lines do not have any special representation on the screen,
+but lines on the screen that would logically come after the end of
+the file are displayed as a single tilde
+.PQ ~
+character.
+To differentiate between empty lines and lines consisting of only
+whitespace characters, use the
+.OP list
+option.
+Historically, implementations of
+.CO vi
+have also displayed some lines as single asterisk
+.PQ @
+characters.
+These were lines that were not correctly displayed, i.e. lines on the
+screen that did not correspond to lines in the file, or lines that did
+not fit on the current screen.
+.CO Nvi
+never displays lines in this fashion.
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+is a modeful editor, i.e. it has two modes,
+.QQ command
+mode and
+.QQ "text input"
+mode.
+When
+.CO vi
+first starts, it is in command mode.
+There are several commands that change
+.CO vi
+into text input mode.
+The
+.LI <escape>
+character is used to resolve the text input into the file,
+and exit back into command mode.
+In
+.CO vi
+command mode, the cursor is always positioned on the last column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+In
+.CO vi
+text insert mode, the cursor is positioned on the first column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+.pp
+Generally, if the cursor line and cursor column are not on the screen,
+then the screen is scrolled (if the target cursor is close) or repainted
+(if the target cursor is far away) so that the cursor is on the screen.
+If the screen is scrolled, it is moved a minimal amount, and the cursor
+line will usually appear at the top or bottom of the screen.
+In the screen is repainted, the cursor line will appear in the center of
+the screen, unless the cursor is sufficiently close to the beginning or
+end of the file that this is not possible.
+If the
+.OP leftright
+option is set, the screen may be scrolled or repainted in a horizontal
+direction as well as in a vertical one.
+.pp
+A major difference between the historical
+.CO vi
+presentation and
+.CO nvi
+is in the scrolling and screen oriented position commands,
+.CO <control-B> ,
+.CO <control-D> ,
+.CO <control-E> ,
+.CO <control-F> ,
+.CO <control-U> ,
+.CO <control-Y> ,
+.CO H ,
+.CO L
+and
+.CO M .
+In historical implementations of
+.CO vi ,
+these commands acted on physical (as opposed to logical, or screen)
+lines.
+For lines that were sufficiently long in relation to the size of the
+screen, this meant that single line scroll commands might repaint the
+entire screen, scrolling or screen positioning command might not change
+the screen or move the cursor at all, and some lines simply could not
+be displayed, even though
+.CO vi
+would edit the file that contained them.
+In
+.CO nvi ,
+these commands act on logical, i.e. screen lines.
+You are unlikely to notice any difference unless you are editing files
+with lines significantly longer than a screen width.
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+keeps track of the currently
+.QQ "most attractive"
+cursor position.
+Each command description (for commands that can change the current
+cursor position),
+specifies if the cursor is set to a specific location in the line,
+or if it is moved to the
+.QQ "most attractive cursor position" .
+The latter means that the cursor is moved to the cursor position
+that is vertically as close as possible to the current cursor
+position.
+If the current line is shorter than the cursor position
+.CO vi
+would select, the cursor is positioned on the last character in the line.
+(If the line is empty, the cursor is positioned on the first column
+of the line.)
+If a command moves the cursor to the most attractive position,
+it does not alter the current cursor position, and a subsequent
+movement will again attempt to move the cursor to that position.
+Therefore, although a movement to a line shorter than the currently
+most attractive position will cause the cursor to move to the end of
+that line, a subsequent movement to a longer line will cause the
+cursor to move back to the most attractive position.
+.pp
+In addition, the
+.CO $
+command makes the end of each line the most attractive cursor position
+rather than a specific column.
+.pp
+Each
+.CO vi
+command described below notes where the cursor ends up after it is
+executed.
+This position is described in terms of characters on the line, i.e.
+.QQ "the previous character" ,
+or,
+.QQ "the last character in the line" .
+This is to avoid needing to continually refer to on what part of the
+character the cursor rests.
+.pp
+The following words have special meaning for
+.CO vi
+commands.
+.KY "previous context"
+.IP "previous context"
+The position of the cursor before the command which caused the
+last absolute movement was executed.
+Each 
+.CO vi
+command described in the next section that is considered an
+absolute movement is so noted.
+In addition, specifying
+.i any
+address to an
+.CO ex
+command is considered an absolute movement.
+.KY "motion"
+.IP "motion"
+A second
+.CO vi
+command can be used as an optional trailing argument to the
+.CO vi
+.CO \&! ,
+.CO \&< ,
+.CO \&> ,
+.CO \&c ,
+.CO \&d ,
+.CO \&y ,
+and (depending on the
+.OP tildeop
+option)
+.CO \&~
+commands.
+This command indicates the end of the region of text that's affected by
+the command.
+The motion command may be either the command character repeated (in
+which case it means the current line) or a cursor movement command.
+In the latter case, the region affected by the command is from the
+starting or stopping cursor position which comes first in the file,
+to immediately before the starting or stopping cursor position which
+comes later in the file.
+Commands that operate on lines instead of using beginning and ending
+cursor positions operate on all of the lines that are wholly or
+partially in the region.
+In addition, some other commands become line oriented depending on
+where in the text they are used.
+The command descriptions below note these special cases.
+.sp
+The following commands may all be used as motion components for
+.CO vi
+commands:
+.sp
+.ne 12v
+.ft C
+.TS
+r r r r.
+<control-A>	<control-H>	<control-J>	<control-M>
+<control-N>	<control-P>	<space>	$
+%	'<character>	(	)
++	,	-	/
+0	;	?	B
+E	F	G	H
+L	M	N	T
+W	[[	]]	^
+\&_	`<character>	b	e
+f	h	j	k
+l	n	t	w
+{	|	}
+.TE
+.ft R
+.sp
+The optional count prefix available for some of the
+.CO vi
+commands that take motion commands, or the count prefix available
+for the
+.CO vi
+commands that are used as motion components,
+may be included and is
+.i always
+considered part of the motion argument.
+For example, the commands
+.QT c2w
+and
+.QT 2cw
+are equivalent, and the region affected by the
+.CO c
+command is two words of text.
+In addition, if the optional count prefix is specified for both the
+.CO vi
+command and its motion component, the effect is multiplicative and
+is considered part of the motion argument.
+For example, the commands
+.QT 4cw
+and
+.QT 2c2w
+are equivalent, and the region affected by the
+.CO c
+command is four words of text.
+.KY "count"
+.IP "count"
+A positive number used as an optional argument to most commands,
+either to give a size or a position (for display or movement commands),
+or as a repeat count (for commands that modify text).
+The count argument is always optional and defaults to 1 unless otherwise
+noted in the command description.
+.sp
+When a
+.CO vi
+command synopsis shows both a
+.LI [buffer]
+and
+.LI [count] ,
+they may be presented in any order.
+.KY "bigword"
+.IP "bigword"
+A set of non-whitespace characters preceded and followed by whitespace
+characters or the beginning or end of the file or line.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single bigword.
+.KY word
+.IP word
+Generally, in languages where it is applicable,
+.CO vi
+recognizes two kinds of words.
+First, a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, delimited at both
+ends by: characters other than letters, digits, or underscores; the
+beginning or end of a line; the beginning or end of the file.
+Second, a sequence of characters other than letters, digits, underscores,
+or whitespace characters, delimited at both ends by: a letter, digit,
+underscore, or whitespace character;
+the beginning or end of a line; the beginning or end of the file.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single word.
+.KY "paragraph"
+.IP "paragraph"
+An area of text that begins with either the beginning of a file,
+an empty line, or a section boundary, and continues until either
+an empty line, section boundary, or the end of the file.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single paragraph.
+.sp
+Additional paragraph boundaries can be defined using the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.KY "section"
+.IP "section"
+An area of text that starts with the beginning of the file or a line
+whose first character is an open brace
+.PQ {
+and continues until the next section or the end of the file.
+.sp
+Additional section boundaries can be defined using the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.KY "sentence"
+.IP "sentence"
+An area of text that begins with either the beginning of the file or the
+first nonblank character following the previous sentence, paragraph, or
+section boundary and continues until the end of the file or a or a period
+.PQ \&.
+exclamation point
+.PQ !
+or question mark
+.PQ ?
+character,
+followed by either an end-of-line or two whitespace characters.
+Any number of closing parentheses
+.PQ ) ,
+brackets
+.PQ ]
+or double-quote
+.PQ """"
+characters can appear between the period, exclamation point,
+or question mark and the whitespace characters or end-of-line.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single sentence.
+.SH 1 "Vi Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the command
+mode of the
+.CO vi
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command
+character.
+In addition, the final line and column the cursor rests upon,
+and any options which affect the command are noted.
+.KY <control-A>
+.IP "[count] <control-A>"
+Search forward
+.LI count
+times for the current word.
+The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or
+after the current cursor position,
+and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line.
+The search is literal, i.e. no characters in the word have any special
+meaning in terms of Regular Expressions.
+It is an error if no matching pattern is found between the starting position
+and the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line where the word is found.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase
+and
+.OP wrapscan
+options.
+.SE
+.KY <control-B>
+.IP "[count] <control-B>"
+Page backward
+.LI count
+screens.
+Two lines of overlap are maintained by displaying the window
+starting at line
+.LI "(top_line - count * window_size) + 2" ,
+where
+.LI window_size
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the
+current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-B>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line of text displayed on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-D>
+.IP "[count] <control-D>"
+Scroll forward
+.LI count
+lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, scroll forward the number of lines specified by the last
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command.
+If this is the first
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command,
+scroll forward half the number of lines in the screen.
+(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is
+corrected to half the current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-D>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus the number of lines scrolled.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-E>
+.IP "[count] <control-E>"
+Scroll forward
+.LI count
+lines, leaving the cursor on the current line and column, if possible.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the first line on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-F>
+.IP "[count] <control-F>"
+Page forward
+.LI count
+screens.
+Two lines of overlap are maintained by displaying the window
+starting at line
+.LI "top_line + count * window_size - 2" ,
+where
+.LI window_size
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the
+current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-F>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first line on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-G>
+.IP "<control-G>"
+Display the file information.
+The information includes the current pathname, the current line,
+the number of total lines in the file, the current line as a percentage
+of the total lines in the file, if the file has been modified,
+was able to be locked, if the file's name has been changed,
+and if the edit session is read-only.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-H>
+.IP "<control-H>"
+.Ip "[count] h"
+Move the cursor back
+.LI count
+characters in the current line.
+This is an error if the cursor is on the first character in the line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-H>
+and
+.CO h
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands,
+in which case any text copied into a buffer is character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the
+.LI "current - count"
+character, or, the first character in the line if
+.LI count
+is greater than or equal to the number of characters in the line
+before the cursor.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-J>
+.IP "[count] <control-J>"
+.KY <control-N>
+.Ip "[count] <control-N>"
+.KY j
+.Ip "[count] j"
+Move the cursor down
+.LI count
+lines without changing the current column.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-J> ,
+.CO <control-N>
+and
+.CO j
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+The most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-L>
+.IP "<control-L>"
+.KY <control-R>
+.Ip "<control-R>"
+Repaint the screen.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-M>
+.IP "[count] <control-M>"
+.KY +
+.Ip "[count] +"
+Move the cursor down
+.LI count
+lines to the first nonblank character of that line.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-M>
+and
+.CO +
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-P>
+.IP "[count] <control-P>"
+.KY k
+.Ip "[count] k"
+Move the cursor up
+.LI count
+lines, without changing the current column.
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-P>
+and
+.CO k
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus count.
+.SP Column:
+The most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-T>
+.IP "<control-T>"
+Return to the most recent tag context.
+The
+.CO <control-T>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the context of the previous tag command.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the context of the previous tag command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-U>
+.IP "<control-U>"
+Scroll backward
+.LI count
+lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, scroll backward the number of lines specified by the
+last
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command.
+If this is the first
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command,
+scroll backward half the number of lines in the screen.
+(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is
+corrected to half the current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-U>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus the amount scrolled.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-W>
+.IP "<control-W>"
+Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
+screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the previous cursor position in the window.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the previous cursor position in the window.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-Y>
+.IP "<control-Y>"
+Scroll backward
+.LI count
+lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the last line of text displayed
+on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is the most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-Z>
+.IP "<control-Z>"
+Suspend the current editor session.
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+and the
+.OP autowrite
+option is set, the file is written before the editor session is
+suspended.
+If this write fails, the editor session is not suspended.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <escape>
+.IP "<escape>"
+Execute
+.CO ex
+commands or cancel partial commands.
+If an
+.CO ex
+command is being entered (e.g.
+.CO / ,
+.CO ? ,
+.CO :
+or
+.CO ! ),
+the command is executed.
+If a partial command has been entered, e.g.
+.QL "[0-9]*" ,
+or
+.QL "[0-9]*[!<>cdy]" ,
+the command is cancelled.
+Otherwise, it is an error.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+When an
+.CO ex
+command is being executed, the current line is set as described for
+that command.
+Otherwise, unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+When an
+.CO ex
+command is being executed, the current column is set as described for
+that command.
+Otherwise, unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-]>
+.IP "<control-]>"
+Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
+The tags files (see the
+.OP tags
+option for more information) are searched for a tag matching the
+current word.
+The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or
+after the current cursor position,
+and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line.
+If a matching tag is found, the current file is discarded and the
+file containing the tag reference is edited.
+.sp
+If the current file has been modified since it was last completely
+written, the command will fail.
+The
+.CO <control-]>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the matching tag string.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the start of the matching tag string.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tags
+and
+.OP taglength
+options.
+.SE
+.KY <control-^>
+.IP "<control-^>"
+Switch to the most recently edited file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+and the
+.OP autowrite
+option is set, the file is written out.
+If this write fails, the command will fail.
+Otherwise, if the current file has been modified since it was last
+completely written, the command will fail.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line the cursor was on when the file was last edited.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the column the cursor was on when the file was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <space>
+.IP "[count] <space>"
+.KY l
+.Ip "[count] l"
+Move the cursor forward
+.LI count
+characters without changing the current line.
+This is an error if the cursor is on the last character in the line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <space>
+and
+.CO \&l
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+In addition, these commands may be used as the motion components
+of other commands when the cursor is on the last character in the
+line, without error.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the current character plus the next
+.LI count
+characters, or to the last character on the line if
+.LI count
+is greater than the number of characters in the line after the
+current character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY !
+.IP "[count] ! motion shell-argument(s)"
+Replace text with results from a shell command.
+Pass the lines specified by the
+.LI count
+and
+.LI motion
+arguments as standard input to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, and replace those lines with the output (both
+standard error and standard output) of that command.
+.sp
+After the motion is entered,
+.CO vi
+prompts for arguments to the shell command.
+.sp
+Within those arguments,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+characters are expanded to the current and alternate pathnames,
+respectively.
+The
+.QT !
+character is expanded with the command text of the previous
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+commands.
+(Therefore, the command
+.CO !!
+repeats the previous
+.CO !
+command.)
+The special meanings of
+.QT % ,
+.QT #
+and
+.QT !
+can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash.
+If no
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+command has yet been executed, it is an error to use an unescaped
+.QT !
+character.
+The
+.CO !
+command does
+.i not
+do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments.
+If any of the above expansions change the arguments the user entered,
+the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+.CO Vi
+then executes the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, with a
+.b \-c
+flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument).
+.sp
+The
+.CO !
+command is permitted in an empty file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+the
+.CO !
+command will warn you.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The first line of the replaced text.
+.SP Column:
+The first column of the replaced text.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shell
+option.
+.SE
+.KY #
+.IP "[count] # +|-|#"
+Increment or decrement the current number.
+The current number begins at the first non-number character on or
+before the current cursor position, or the beginning of the line,
+and extends up to the first non-number character on or after the
+current cursor position or the end of the line.
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&+ ,
+the number is incremented by
+.LI count .
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&- ,
+the number is decremented by
+.LI count .
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&# ,
+the previous increment or decrement is repeated.
+.sp
+The format of the number (decimal, hexadecimal, and octal,
+and leading 0's) is retained unless the new value cannot be
+represented in the previous format.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the cursor word.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY $
+.IP "[count] $"
+Move the cursor to the end of a line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the cursor moves down
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines.
+.sp
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO $
+command when the cursor is on the last character in the line or
+when the line is empty.
+.sp
+The
+.CO $
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the cursor is at, or before the first
+nonblank character in the line, in which case it is line oriented.
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO $
+command as a motion component when the cursor is on the last character
+in the line, although it is an error when the line is empty.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count
+minus 1.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY %
+.IP %
+Move to the matching character.
+The cursor moves to the parenthesis or curly brace which
+.i matches
+the parenthesis or curly brace found at the current cursor position
+or which is the closest one to the right of the cursor on the line.
+It is an error to execute the
+.CO %
+command on a line without a parenthesis or curly brace.
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO %
+command was ignored.
+.sp
+The
+.CO %
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO %
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is at
+or before the first nonblank character on its line, and the ending
+point is at or after the last nonblank character on its line, in
+which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the matching character.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the matching character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY &
+.IP "&"
+Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO &
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged if the cursor was on the last character in the line,
+otherwise, set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP edcompatible ,
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase
+and
+.OP magic
+options.
+.SE
+.KY SQUOTE<character>
+.IP \'<character>
+.KY `<character>
+.Ip `<character>
+Return to a context marked by the character
+.LI <character> .
+If
+.LI <character>
+is the
+.QT '
+or
+.QT `
+character, return to the previous context.
+If
+.LI <character>
+is any other character,
+return to the context marked by that character (see the
+.CO m
+command for more information).
+If the command is the
+.CO \'
+command, only the line value is restored,
+and the cursor is placed on the first nonblank character of that line.
+If the command is the
+.CO `
+command, both the line and column values are restored.
+.sp
+It is an error if the context no longer exists because of
+line deletion.
+(Contexts follow lines that are moved, or which are deleted
+and then restored.)
+.sp
+The
+.CO \'
+and
+.CO `
+commands are both absolute movements.
+They may be used as a motion component for other
+.CO vi
+commands.
+For the
+.CO \'
+command, any text copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+For the
+.CO `
+command, any text copied into a buffer is character oriented, unless
+it both starts and stops at the first character in the line, in which
+case it is line oriented.
+In addition, when using the
+.CO `
+command as a motion component,
+commands which move backward and started at the first character in the
+line, or move forward and ended at the first character in the line,
+are corrected to the last character of the starting and ending lines,
+respectively.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line from the context.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line, for the
+.CO \'
+command, and set to the context's column for the
+.CO `
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY (
+.IP "[count] ("
+Back up
+.LI count
+sentences.
+.sp
+The
+.CO (
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO (
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting and stopping points of the
+region are the first character in the line, in which case it is
+line oriented.
+In the latter case, the stopping point of the region is adjusted
+to be the end of the line immediately before it, and not the original
+cursor position.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY )
+.IP "[count] )"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+sentences.
+.sp
+The
+.CO )
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO )
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is the
+first character in the line, in which case it is line oriented.
+In the latter case, if the stopping point of the region is also
+the first character in the line, it is adjusted to be the end of the
+line immediately before it.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ,
+.IP "[count] ,"
+Reverse find character
+.LI count
+times.
+Reverse the last
+.CO F ,
+.CO f ,
+.CO T
+or
+.CO t
+command, searching the other way in the line,
+.LI count
+times.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ,
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY MINUSSIGN
+.IP "[count] \-"
+Move to first nonblank of the previous line,
+.LI count
+times.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO -
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY \&.
+.IP "[count] \&."
+Repeat the last
+.CO vi
+command that modified text.
+The repeated command may be a command and motion component combination.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it replaces
+.i both
+the count specified for the repeated command, and, if applicable, for
+the repeated motion component.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, the counts originally specified to the command being
+repeated are used again.
+.sp
+As a special case, if the
+.CO \.
+command is executed immediately after the
+.CO u
+command, the change log is rolled forward or backward, depending on
+the action of the
+.CO u
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the repeated command.
+.SP Column:
+Set as described for the repeated command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY /RE/
+.IP "/RE<carriage-return>"
+.Ip "/RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.KY ?RE?
+.Ip "?RE<carriage-return>"
+.Ip "?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.KY N
+.Ip "N"
+.KY n
+.Ip "n"
+Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
+The commands beginning with a slash
+.PQ /
+character are forward searches, the commands beginning with a
+question mark
+.PQ ?
+are backward searches.
+.CO Vi
+prompts with the leading character on the last line of the screen
+for a string.
+It then searches forward or backward in the file for the next
+occurrence of the string, which is interpreted as a Basic Regular
+Expression.
+.sp
+The
+.CO /
+and
+.CO ?
+commands are absolute movements.
+They may be used as the motion components of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the search started and ended on
+the first column of a line, in which case it is line oriented.
+In addition, forward searches ending at the first character of a line,
+and backward searches beginning at the first character in the line,
+are corrected to begin or end at the last character of the previous line.
+(Note, forward and backward searches can occur for both
+.CO /
+and
+.CO ?
+commands, if the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set.)
+.sp
+If an offset from the matched line is specified (i.e. a trailing
+.QT /
+or
+.QT ?
+character is followed by a signed offset), the buffer will always
+be line oriented (e.g.
+.QT /string/+0
+will always guarantee a line orientation).
+.sp
+The
+.CO n
+command repeats the previous search.
+.sp
+The
+.CO N
+command repeats the previous search, but in the reverse direction.
+.sp
+Missing RE's (e.g.
+.QT //<carriage-return> ,
+.QT /<carriage-return> ,
+.QT ??<carriage-return> ,
+or
+.QT ?<carriage-return>
+search for the last search RE, in the indicated direction.
+.sp
+Searches may be interrupted using the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line in which the match occurred.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the matched string.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP edcompatible ,
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase ,
+.OP magic ,
+and
+.OP wrapscan
+options.
+.SE
+.KY 0
+.IP "0"
+Move to the first character in the current line.
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO 0
+command when the cursor is on the first character in the line,
+.sp
+The
+.CO 0
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case it is an error if the cursor is on the
+first character in the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY :
+.IP ":"
+Execute an ex command.
+.CO Vi
+prompts for an
+.CO ex
+command on the last line of the screen, using a colon
+.PQ :
+character.
+The command is terminated by a
+.LI <carriage-return> ,
+.LI <newline>
+or
+.LI <escape>
+character; all of these characters may be escaped by using a
+.LI "<literal next>"
+character.
+The command is then executed.
+.sp
+If the
+.CO ex
+command writes to the screen,
+.CO vi
+will prompt the user for a
+.LI <carriage-return>
+before continuing
+when the
+.CO ex
+command finishes.
+Large amounts of output from the
+.CO ex
+command will be paged for the user, and the user prompted for a
+.LI <carriage-return>
+or
+.LI <space>
+key to continue.
+In some cases, a quit (normally a
+.QQ q
+character) or
+.LI <interrupt>
+may be entered to interrupt the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.sp
+When the
+.CO ex
+command finishes, and the user is prompted to resume visual mode,
+it is also possible to enter another
+.QT :
+character followed by another
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line is set as described for the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SP Column:
+The current column is set as described for the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ;
+.IP "[count] ;"
+Repeat the last character find
+.LI count
+times.
+The last character find is one of the
+.CO F ,
+.CO f ,
+.CO T
+or
+.CO t
+commands.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ;
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <
+.IP "[count] < motion"
+.KY >
+.Ip "[count] > motion"
+Shift lines left or right.
+Shift the number of lines in the region specified by the motion component,
+times
+.LI count ,
+left (for the
+.CO <
+command) or right (for the
+.CO >
+command) by the number of columns specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+Only whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left;
+once the first character in the line contains a nonblank character,
+the
+.CO shift
+will succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.SE
+.KY @
+.IP "@ buffer"
+Execute a named buffer.
+Execute the named buffer as
+.CO vi
+commands.
+The buffer may include
+.CO ex
+commands, too, but they must be expressed as a
+.CO :
+command.
+If the buffer is line oriented,
+.LI <newline>
+characters are logically appended to each line of the buffer.
+If the buffer is character oriented,
+.LI <newline>
+characters are logically appended to all but the last line in the buffer.
+.sp
+If the buffer name is
+.QT @ ,
+or
+.QT * ,
+then the last buffer executed shall be used.
+It is an error to specify
+.QT @@
+or
+.QT **
+if there were no buffer previous executions.
+The text of a macro may contain an
+.CO @
+command,
+and it is possible to create infinite loops in this manner.
+(The
+.LI <interrupt>
+character may be used to interrupt the loop.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line is set as described for the command(s).
+.SP Column:
+The current column is set as described for the command(s).
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY A
+.IP "[count] A"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times after input mode is exited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY B
+.IP "[count] B"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+bigwords.
+Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a
+bigword or the character at the current position cannot be part of a bigword,
+move to the first character of the preceding bigword.
+Otherwise, move to the first character of the bigword at the current position.
+If no preceding bigword exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the last bigword on the first preceding line that contains a
+bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO B
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY C
+.IP "[buffer] [count] C"
+Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the input text replaces from the current position to
+the end-of-line, plus
+.LI "count - 1"
+subsequent lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY D
+.IP "[buffer] D"
+Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+.sp
+It is not an error to execute the
+.CO D
+command on an empty line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character before the current character, or, column 1 if
+the cursor was on column 1.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY E
+.IP "[count] E"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+end-of-bigwords.
+Move the cursor forward to the end of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is the end of a
+bigword or the character at that position cannot be part of a bigword,
+move to the last character of the following bigword.
+Otherwise, move to the last character of the bigword at the current
+position.
+If no succeeding bigword exists on the current line,
+move to the last character of the first bigword on the next following
+line that contains a bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO E
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY F
+.IP "[count] F <character>"
+Search
+.LI count
+times backward through the current line for
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO F
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY G
+.IP "[count] G"
+Move to line
+.LI count ,
+or the last line of the file if
+.LI count
+not specified.
+.sp
+The
+.CO G
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO \&G
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to
+.LI count ,
+if specified, otherwise, the last line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY H
+.IP "[count] H"
+Move to the screen line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines below the top of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO H
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO H
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines below the top of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY I
+.IP "[count] I"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY J
+.IP "[count] J"
+Join lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified,
+.LI count
+lines are joined; a minimum of two lines are always joined,
+regardless of the value of
+.LI count .
+.sp
+If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace
+is stripped from the next line.
+Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis
+.PQ (
+do nothing.
+Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark
+.PQ ? ,
+period
+.PQ \&.
+or exclamation point
+.PQ ! ,
+insert two spaces.
+Otherwise, insert a single space.
+.sp
+It is not an error to join lines past the end of the file,
+i.e. lines that do not exist.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after the last character of the next-to-last
+joined line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY L
+.IP "[count] L"
+Move to the screen line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines above the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO L
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO L
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines above the bottom of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY  M
+.IP " M"
+Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO M
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO M
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO M
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line in the middle of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY O
+.IP "[count] O"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO O
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY P
+.IP "[buffer] P"
+Insert text from a buffer.
+Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is inserted
+before the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented,
+before the current line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the lowest numbered line insert,
+if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text,
+if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise, the last character
+of the appended text.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY Q
+.IP "Q"
+Exit
+.CO vi
+(or visual) mode and switch to
+.CO ex
+mode.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+No longer relevant.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY R
+.IP "[count] R"
+Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+If the end of the current line is reached, no more characters are
+replaced and any further characters input are appended to the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY S
+.IP "[buffer] [count] S"
+Substitute
+.LI count
+lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY T
+.IP "[count] T <character>"
+Search backward,
+.LI count
+times,
+through the current line for the character
+.i after
+the specified
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO T
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character
+.i after
+the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY U
+.IP "U"
+Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last
+moved to it.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+The first character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY W
+.IP "[count] W"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+bigwords.
+Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is within a bigword or the
+character at that position cannot be part of a bigword, move to the first
+character of the next bigword.
+If no subsequent bigword exists on the current line,
+move to the first character of the first bigword on the first following
+line that contains a bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO W
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+The first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY X
+.IP "[buffer] [count] X"
+Delete
+.LI count
+characters before the cursor.
+If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to
+the number of characters to the beginning of the line, all of the
+characters before the current cursor position, to the beginning of the
+line, are deleted.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the current character minus
+.LI count ,
+or the first character if count is greater than the number of
+characters in the line before the cursor.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY Y
+.IP "[buffer] [count] Y"
+Copy (or
+.QQ yank )
+.LI count
+lines into the specified buffer.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ZZ
+.IP "ZZ"
+Write the file and exit
+.CO vi .
+The file is only written if it has been modified since the last
+complete write of the file to any file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ZZ
+command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY [[
+.IP "[count] [["
+Back up
+.LI count
+section boundaries.
+.sp
+The
+.CO [[
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO [[
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the previous line that is
+.LI count
+section boundaries back,
+or the first line of the file if no more section boundaries exist
+preceding the current line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ]]
+.IP "[count] ]]"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+section boundaries.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ]]
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO ]]
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line that is
+.LI count
+section boundaries forward,
+or to the last line of the file if no more section
+boundaries exist following the current line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ^
+.IP "\&^"
+Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ^
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY _
+.IP "[count] _"
+Move down
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines, to the first nonblank character.
+The
+.CO _
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.sp
+It is not an error to execute the
+.CO _
+command when the cursor is on the first character in the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line plus
+.LI "count - 1" .
+.SP Column:
+The first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY a
+.IP "[count] a"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY b
+.IP "[count] b"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+words.
+Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a word by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a word,
+move to the first character of the preceding word.
+Otherwise, the current position moves to the first character of the word
+at the current position.
+If no preceding word exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the last word on the first preceding line that contains
+a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO b
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY c
+.IP "[buffer] [count] c motion"
+Change a region of text.
+If only part of a single line is affected, then the last character
+being changed is marked with a
+.QT $ .
+Otherwise, the region of text is deleted, and input mode is entered.
+.sp
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY d
+.IP "[buffer] [count] d motion"
+Delete a region of text.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line where the region starts.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the line after the last character in the
+region.
+If no such character exists, set to the last character before the region.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY e
+.IP "[count] e"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+end-of-words.
+Move the cursor forward to the end of a word by repeating the following
+algorithm: if the current position is the end of a word,
+move to the last character of the following word.
+Otherwise, move to the last character of the word at the current position.
+If no succeeding word exists on the current line, move to the last character
+of the first word on the next following line that contains a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO e
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY f
+.IP "[count] f <character>"
+Search forward,
+.LI count
+times, through the rest of the current line for
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO f
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY i
+.IP "[count] i"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY m
+.IP "m <character>"
+Save the current context (line and column) as
+.LI <character> .
+The exact position is referred to by
+.QT `<character> .
+The line is referred to by
+.QT '<character> .
+.sp
+Historically,
+.LI <character>
+was restricted to lower-case letters only,
+.CO nvi
+permits the use of any character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY o
+.IP "[count] o"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO o
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY p
+.IP "[buffer] p"
+Append text from a buffer.
+Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is appended
+after the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented,
+after the current line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first line appended, if the buffer is line oriented,
+otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text if the buffer
+is line oriented, otherwise, the last character of the appended text.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY r
+.IP "[count] r <character>"
+Replace characters.
+The next
+.LI count
+characters in the line are replaced with
+.LI <character> .
+Replacing characters with
+.LI <newline>
+characters results in creating new, empty lines into the file.
+.sp
+If
+.LI <character>
+is
+.LI <escape> ,
+the command is cancelled.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the replacement character is a
+.LI <newline> ,
+in which case it is set to the current line plus
+.LI "count - 1" .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character replaced,
+unless the replacement character is a
+.LI <newline> ,
+in which case the cursor is in column 1 of the last line inserted.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY s
+.IP "[buffer] [count] s"
+Substitute
+.LI count
+characters in the current line starting with the current character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY t
+.IP "[count] t <character>"
+Search forward,
+.LI count
+times, through the current line for the character immediately
+.i before
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO t
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character
+.i before
+the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY u
+.IP "u"
+Undo the last change made to the file.
+If repeated, the
+.CO u
+command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse.
+When used after an insert that inserted text on more than one line,
+the lines are saved in the numeric buffers.
+.sp
+The
+.CO \&.
+command, when used immediately after the
+.CO u
+command, causes the change log to be rolled forward or backward,
+depending on the action of the
+.CO u
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the position of the first line changed, if the reversal affects
+only one line or represents an addition or change; otherwise, the line
+preceding the deleted text.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the cursor position before the change was made.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY w
+.IP "[count] w"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+words.
+Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a word by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the
+beginning of a word, move to the first character of the next word.
+If no subsequent word exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the first word on the first following line that contains
+a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO w
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY x
+.IP "[buffer] [count] x"
+Delete
+.LI count
+characters.
+The deletion is at the current character position.
+If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to
+the number of characters to the end of the line, all of the characters
+from the current cursor position to the end of the line are deleted.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the last character in the line is deleted and the cursor
+is not already on the first character in the line, in which case it is
+set to the previous character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY y
+.IP "[buffer] [count] y motion"
+Copy (or
+.QQ yank )
+a text region specified by the
+.LI count
+and motion into a buffer.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line,
+in which case it is set to the line where the region starts.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line,
+in which case it is set to the character were the region starts.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY z
+.IP "[count1] z [count2] type"
+Redraw the screen with a window
+.LI count2
+lines long, with line
+.LI count1
+placed as specified by the
+.LI type
+character.
+If
+.LI count1
+is not specified, it defaults to the current line.
+If
+.LI count2
+is not specified, it defaults to the current window size.
+.sp
+The following
+.LI type
+characters may be used:
+.SS
+.SP +
+If
+.LI count1
+is specified, place the line
+.LI count1
+at the top of the screen.
+Otherwise, display the screen after the current screen, similarly to the
+.CO <control-F>
+command.
+.SP <carriage-return>
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+at the top of the screen.
+.SP \&.
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+in the center of the screen.
+.SP \-
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+at the bottom of the screen.
+.SP ^
+If
+.LI count1
+is specified, place the line that is at the top of the screen 
+when
+.LI count1
+is at the bottom of the screen, at the bottom of the screen,
+i.e. display the screen before the screen before
+.LI count1 .
+Otherwise, display the screen before the current screen, similarly to the
+.CO <control-B>
+command.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to
+.LI count1
+unless
+.LI count1
+is not specified and the
+.LI type
+character was either
+.QT ^
+or
+.QT + ,
+in which case it is set to the line before the first line on the
+previous screen or the line after the last line on the previous
+screen, respectively.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY {
+.IP "[count] {"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+paragraphs.
+.sp
+The
+.CO {
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO {
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting character is the first
+character on its line, in which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the previous paragraph.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.SE
+.KY |
+.IP "[count] |"
+Move to a specific
+.i column
+position on the current line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO |
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+It is an error to use the
+.CO |
+command as a motion component and for the cursor not to move.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character occupying the column position identified by
+.LI count ,
+if the position exists in the line.
+If the column length of the current line is less than
+.LI count ,
+the cursor is moved to the last character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY }
+.IP "[count] }"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+paragraphs.
+.sp
+The
+.CO }
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO }
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting character is at or
+before any nonblank characters in its line,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the next paragraph.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ~
+.IP "[count] ~"
+Reverse the case of the next
+.LI count
+character(s).
+This is the historic semantic for the
+.CO ~
+command and it is only in effect if the
+.OP tildeop
+option is not set.
+.sp
+Lowercase alphabetic characters are changed to uppercase,
+and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase.
+No other characters are affected.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO ~
+command did not take an associated count, nor did it move past the
+end of the current line.
+As it had no associated motion it was difficult to change the case
+of large blocks of text.
+In
+.CO nvi ,
+if the cursor is on the last character of a line, and there are
+more lines in the file, the cursor moves to the next line.
+.sp
+It is not an error to specify a count larger than the number of
+characters between the cursor and the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line of the character after
+.LI count
+characters, or, end of file.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after
+.LI count
+characters, or, end-of-file.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tildeop
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ~
+.IP "[count] ~ motion"
+Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by the
+.LI count
+and
+.LI motion .
+Only in effect if the
+.OP tildeop
+option is set.
+.sp
+Lowercase characters are changed to uppercase,
+and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase.
+No other characters are affected.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line of the character after the last character in the region.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after the last character in the region.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tildeop
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt the current operation.
+Many of the potentially long-running
+.CO vi
+commands may be interrupted using the terminal interrupt character.
+These operations include searches, file reading and writing, filter
+operations and map character expansion.
+Interrupts are also enabled when running commands outside of
+.CO vi .
+.sp
+If the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt while entering an
+.CO ex
+command, the command is aborted, the cursor returns to its previous
+position, and
+.CO vi
+remains in command mode.
+.sp
+Generally, if the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt any
+operation, any changes made before the interrupt are left in place.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Dependent on the operation being interrupted.
+.SP Column:
+Dependent on the operation being interrupted.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SH 1 "Vi Text Input Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the text
+input mode of the
+.CO vi
+editor.
+.pp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+implementations only permitted the characters inserted on the current
+line to be erased.
+In addition, only the
+.LI <control-D>
+erase character and the
+.QT 0<control-D>
+and
+.QT ^<control-D>
+erase strings could erase autoindent characters.
+This implementation permits erasure to continue past the beginning
+of the current line, and back to where text input mode was entered.
+In addition, autoindent characters may be erased using the standard
+erase characters.
+For the line and word erase characters, reaching the autoindent
+characters forms a
+.QQ soft
+boundary, denoting the end of the current word or line erase.
+Repeating the word or line erase key will erase the autoindent characters.
+.pp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+always used
+.LI <control-H>
+and
+.LI <control-W>
+as character and word erase characters, respectively, regardless of
+the current terminal settings.
+This implementation accepts, in addition to these two characters,
+the current terminal characters for those operations.
+.KY <nul>
+.IP "<nul>"
+If the first character of the input is a
+.LI <nul> ,
+the previous input is replayed, as if just entered.
+.KY <control-D>
+.IP "<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase it.
+Otherwise, if the user is entering the first character in the line,
+.LI <control-D>
+is ignored.
+Otherwise, a literal
+.LI <control-D>
+character is entered.
+.KY ^<control-D>
+.IP "^<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase all of the autoindent characters on the line.
+In addition, the autoindent level is reset to 0.
+.KY 0<control-D>
+.IP "0<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase all of the autoindent characters on the line.
+.KY <control-T>
+.IP "<control-T>"
+Insert sufficient
+.LI <tab>
+and
+.LI <space>
+characters to move the cursor forward to a column immediately
+after the next column which is an even multiple of the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.sp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+did not permit the
+.LI <control-T>
+command to be used unless the cursor was at the first column of a new
+line or it was preceded only by autoindent characters.
+.CO Nvi
+permits it to be used at any time during insert mode.
+.KY <erase>
+.IP <erase>
+.KY <control-H>
+.Ip <control-H>
+Erase the last character.
+.KY "<literal next>"
+.IP "<literal next>"
+Quote the next character.
+The next character will not be mapped (see the
+.CO map
+command for more information)
+or interpreted specially.
+A carat
+.PQ ^
+character will be displayed immediately as a placeholder,
+but will be replaced by the next character.
+.KY <escape>
+.IP <escape>
+Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
+.KY "<line erase>"
+.IP "<line erase>"
+Erase the current line.
+.KY "<control-W>"
+.IP "<control-W>"
+.KY "<word erase>"
+.Ip "<word erase>"
+Erase the last word.
+The definition of word is dependent on the
+.OP altwerase
+and
+.OP ttywerase
+options.
+.KY "<control-X>"
+.IP "<control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]*"
+Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the text.
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
+If the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt inserting text into the file,
+it is as if the
+.LI <escape>
+character was used; all text input up to the interruption is
+resolved into the file.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5058cc780dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref
@@ -0,0 +1,1270 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)vi.ref	8.52 (Berkeley) 8/13/94
+.\"
+.\"
+.so ref.so
+.tp
+.(l C
+.ps 12
+.ft B
+Ex/Vi Reference Manual
+.ft
+.ps
+.sp
+.i "Keith Bostic"
+.sp
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, California  94720
+.sp 1
+\*(td
+.sp 3
+.i Abstract
+.sp
+.)l
+.(q
+.pp
+This document is the reference guide for the 4.4BSD
+implementations of
+.EV nex nvi ,
+which are reimplementations of the historic Berkeley
+.EV ex vi
+editors.
+.)q
+.sp 3
+.(l C
+.i Acknowledgements
+.)l
+.sp
+.(q
+.pp
+Bruce Englar encouraged the early development of the historic
+.EV ex vi
+editor.
+Peter Kessler helped bring sanity to version 2's command layout.
+Bill Joy wrote versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7,
+and created the framework that users see in the present editor.
+Mark Horton added macros and other features and made
+.EV ex vi
+work on a large number of terminals and Unix systems.
+.pp
+.CO Nvi
+is originally derived from software contributed to the University of
+California, Berkeley by Steve Kirkendall, the author of the
+.CO vi
+clone
+.CO elvis .
+.pp
+IEEE Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer
+Environments (POSIX) 1003.2 style Regular Expression support was
+done by Henry Spencer.
+.pp
+The curses library was originally done by Ken Arnold.
+Scrolling and reworking for
+.CO nvi
+was done by Elan Amir.
+.pp
+The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has
+given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
+Portions of this document are reprinted and reproduced from
+IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, IEEE Standard Portable Operating
+System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX),
+copyright 1992 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Inc.
+.pp
+The financial support of UUNET Communications Services is gratefully
+acknowledged.
+.)q
+.sy echo -n >index
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.bp 3
+.SH 1 Description
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+is a screen oriented text editor.
+.CO Ex
+is a line-oriented text editor.
+.CO Ex
+and
+.CO vi
+are different interfaces to the same program,
+and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.
+.CO View
+is the equivalent of using the
+.b \-R
+(read-only) option of
+.CO vi .
+.pp
+This reference manual is the one provided with the
+.EV nex nvi
+versions of the
+.EV ex vi
+text editors.
+.EV Nex nvi
+are intended as bug-for-bug compatible replacements for the original
+Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
+.EV ex vi
+programs.
+This reference manual is accompanied by a traditional-style manual page.
+That manual page describes the functionality found in
+.EV ex vi
+in far less detail than the description here.
+In addition, it describes the system interface to
+.EV ex vi ,
+e.g. command line options, session recovery, signals,
+environmental variables, and similar things.
+.pp
+This reference is intended for users already familiar with
+.EV ex vi .
+Anyone else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the
+editor first.
+If you are in an unfamiliar environment,
+and you absolutely have to get work done immediately,
+see the section entitled
+.QB "Fast Startup"
+in the manual page.
+It is probably enough to get you started.
+.pp
+There are a few features in
+.EV nex nvi
+that are not found in historic versions of
+.EV ex vi .
+Some of the more interesting of those features are briefly described
+in the section entitled
+.QB "Additional Features"
+near the end of this document.
+For the rest of this document,
+.EV nex nvi
+is used only when it is necessary to distinguish it from the historic
+implementations of
+.EV ex vi .
+.pp
+Future versions of this software will be periodically made available
+by anonymous ftp, and can be retrieved from
+.LI ftp.cs.berkeley.edu ,
+in the directory
+.LI ucb/4bsd .
+.SH 1 "Startup Information"
+.pp
+.EV Ex vi
+interprets one of two possible environmental variables and reads up to
+three of five possible files during startup.
+The variables and files are expected to contain
+.CO ex
+commands, not
+.CO vi
+commands.
+In addition, they are interpreted
+.i before
+the file to be edited is read, and therefore many
+.CO ex
+commands may not be used.
+Generally, any command that requires output to the screen or that
+needs a file upon which to operate, will cause an error if included
+in a startup file or environmental variable.
+.pp
+Because the
+.CO ex
+command set supported by
+.EV nex nvi
+is a superset of the command set supported by most historical
+implementations of
+.CO ex ,
+.EV nex nvi
+can use the startup files created for the historical implementations,
+but the converse may not be true.
+.pp
+If the
+.b \-s
+(the historic \- option)
+is specified, or if standard input is redirected from a file,
+all environmental variables and startup files are ignored.
+.pp
+Otherwise, startup files and environmental variables are handled
+in the following order:
+.np
+The file
+.LI /etc/vi.exrc
+is read,
+as long as it is owned by root or the effective user ID of the user.
+.np
+The environmental variable
+.LI NEXINIT
+(or the variable
+.LI EXINIT ,
+if
+.LI NEXINIT
+is not set) is interpreted.
+.np
+If neither
+.LI NEXINIT
+or
+.LI EXINIT
+was set, and the
+.LI HOME
+environmental variable is set, the file
+.LI $HOME/.nexrc
+(or the file
+.LI $HOME/.exrc ,
+if
+.LI $HOME/.nexrc
+does not exist) is read,
+as long as the effective user ID of the user is root or is the same as
+the owner of the file.
+.np
+If the
+.OP exrc
+option was turned on by one of the previous startup information
+sources, the file
+.LI \&.nexrc
+(or the file
+.LI \&.exrc ,
+if
+.LI \&.nexrc
+does not exist) is read, as long as the effective user ID of the user
+is the same as the owner of the file.
+.pp
+No startup file is read if it is writable by anyone other than its owner.
+.pp
+It is not an error for any of the startup environmental variables or files
+not to exist.
+.pp
+Once all environmental variables are interpreted,
+and all startup files are read,
+the first file to be edited is read in (or a temporary file is created).
+Then, any commands specified using the
+.b \-c
+option are executed, in the context of that file.
+.SH 1 Recovery
+.pp
+There is no recovery program for
+.EV nex nvi ,
+nor does
+.EV nex nvi
+run setuid.
+Recovery files are created readable and writable by the owner only.
+Users may recover any file which they can read,
+and the superuser may recover any edit session.
+.pp
+Edit sessions are backed by files in the directory named by the
+.OP recdir
+option (the directory
+.LI /var/tmp/vi.recover
+by default), and are named
+.QC vi.XXXXXX ,
+where
+.QC XXXXXX
+is a number related to the process ID.
+When a file is first modified,
+a second recovery file containing an email message for the user is created,
+and is named
+.QC recover.XXXXXX ,
+where, again,
+.QC XXXXXX
+is associated with the process ID.
+Both files are removed at the end of a normal edit session,
+but will remain if the edit session is abnormally terminated
+or the user runs the
+.CO ex
+.CO preserve
+command.
+.pp
+The
+.OP recdir
+option may be set in either the user's or system's startup information,
+changing the recovery directory.
+(Note, however, that if a memory based file system is used as the backup
+directory, each system reboot will delete all of the recovery files!
+The same caution applies to directories such as
+.LI /tmp
+which are cleared of their contents by a system reboot, or
+.LI /usr/tmp
+which is periodically cleared of old files on many systems.)
+.pp
+The recovery directory should be owned by root, or at least by a pseudo-user.
+In addition, if directory
+.QQ sticky-bit
+semantics are available, the directory should have the sticky-bit
+set so that files may only be removed by their owners.
+The recovery directory must be read, write, and executable by any user,
+i.e. mode 1777.
+.pp
+If the recovery directory does not exist,
+.EV ex vi
+will attempt to create it.
+This can result in the recovery directory being owned by a normal user,
+which means that that user will be able to remove other user's recovery
+and backup files.
+This is annoying, but is not a security issue as the user cannot
+otherwise access or modify the files.
+.pp
+The recovery file has all of the necessary information in it to enable the
+user to recover the edit session.
+In addition, it has all of the necessary email headers for
+.XR sendmail 8 .
+When the system is rebooted, all of the files in
+.LI /var/tmp/vi.recover
+named
+.QC recover.XXXXXX
+should be sent to their owners, by email, using the
+.b \-t
+option of
+.CO sendmail
+(or a similar mechanism in other mailers).
+If
+.EV ex vi
+receives a hangup (SIGHUP) signal, or the user executes the
+.CO ex
+.CO preserve
+command,
+.EV ex vi
+will automatically email the recovery information to the user.
+.pp
+If your system does not have the
+.CO sendmail
+utility (or a mailer program which supports its interface)
+the source file
+.LI nvi/common/recover.c
+will have to be modified to use your local mail delivery programs.
+Note, if
+.EV nex nvi
+is changed to use another mailer,
+it is important to remember that the owner of the file given to
+the mailer is the
+.EV nex nvi
+user, so nothing in the file should be trusted as it may have been
+modified in an effort to compromise the system.
+.pp
+Finally, the owner execute bit is set on backup files when they are
+created, and unset when they are first modified, e.g. backup files
+that have no associated email recovery file will have this bit set.
+(There is also a small window where empty files can be created and
+not yet have this bit set.
+This is due to the method in which the files are created.)
+Such files should be deleted when the system reboots.
+.pp
+A simple way to do this cleanup is to insert the following Bourne
+shell script into your
+.LI /etc/rc.local
+(or other startup) file.
+The script should work with the historic Bourne shell,
+a POSIX 1003.2 shell or the Korn shell.
+(A copy of this script is included as
+.LI nvi/install/recover.script
+in the
+.EV nex nvi
+distribution.)
+.sp
+.(b
+.ft C
+.so ../../install/recover.script
+.ft R
+.)b
+.sp
+.pp
+If you are not using the default value for the
+.OP recdir
+option, be sure to substitute the value you're using for the
+.LI RECDIR
+value in the recovery script.
+.pp
+If the path of your system's
+.CO sendmail
+program (or whatever mailer you're using) is not
+.LI /usr/lib/sendmail ,
+be sure to substitute the correct pathname for the
+.LI SENDMAIL
+value in the recovery script.
+Consult the manual page for details on recovering preserved or
+aborted editing sessions.
+.SH 1 "Sizing the Screen"
+.pp
+The size of the screen can be set in a number of ways.
+.EV Ex vi
+takes the following steps until values are obtained for both the
+number of rows and number of columns in the screen.
+.np
+If the environmental variable
+.LI LINES
+exists,
+it is used to specify the number of rows in the screen.
+.np
+If the environmental variable
+.LI COLUMNS
+exists,
+it is used to specify the number of columns in the screen.
+.np
+The TIOCGWINSZ
+.XR ioctl 2
+is attempted on the standard error file descriptor.
+.np
+The termcap entry (or terminfo entry on System V machines)
+is checked for the
+.QQ li
+entry (rows) and the
+.QQ co
+entry (columns).
+.np
+The number of rows is set to 24, and the number of columns is set to 80.
+.pp
+If a window change size signal (SIGWINCH) is received,
+the new window size is retrieved using the TIOCGWINSZ
+.XR ioctl 2
+call, and all other information is ignored.
+.SH 1 "Character Display"
+.pp
+In both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+printable characters as defined by
+.XR isprint 3
+are displayed using the local character set.
+.pp
+Non-printable characters, for which
+.XR iscntrl 3
+returns true, and which are less than octal \e076,
+are displayed as the string
+.QT ^<character> ,
+where
+.LI <character>
+is the character that is the original character's value offset from the
+.QT @
+character.
+For example, the octal character \e001 is displayed as
+.QT ^A .
+If
+.XR iscntrl 3
+returns true for the octal character \e177,
+it is displayed as the string
+.QT ^? .
+All other characters are displayed as either hexadecimal values,
+in the form
+.QT "0x<high-halfbyte> ... 0x<low-halfbyte>" ,
+or as octal values, in the form
+.QT "\e<high-one-or-two-bits> ... \e<low-three-bits>" .
+The display of unknown characters is based on the value of the
+.OP octal
+option.
+.pp
+In
+.CO vi
+command mode, the cursor is always positioned on the last column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+In
+.CO vi
+text input mode, the cursor is positioned on the first column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+.SH 1 "Multiple Screens"
+.pp
+.CO Nvi
+supports multiple screens by dividing the window into regions.
+It also supports stacks of screens by permitting the user to change
+the set of screens that are currently displayed.
+.pp
+The command
+.CO split
+divides the current screen into two regions of approximately equal
+size.
+If a list of files are specified as arguments to the
+.CO split
+command, the list of files to be edited is initialized as if the
+.CO next
+command had been used.
+If no files are specified, the new screen will begin by editing the same
+file as the previous screen.
+.pp
+When more than one screen is editing a file, changes in any screen are
+reflected in all other screens editing the same file.
+Exiting any screen without saving any changes (or explicitly discarding
+them) is permitted until the last screen editing the file is exited.
+.pp
+The
+.CO resize
+command permits resizing of individual screens.
+Screens may be grown, shrunk or set to an absolute number of rows.
+.pp
+The
+.CO ^W
+command is used to switch between screens.
+Each
+.CO ^W
+moves to the next lower screen in the window, or to the first screen
+in the window if there are no lower screens.
+.pp
+The
+.CO bg
+command
+.QQ backgrounds
+the current screen.
+The screen disappears from the window,
+and the rows it occupied are taken over by a neighboring screen.
+It is an error to attempt to background the only screen in the window.
+.pp
+The
+.CO "display screens"
+command displays the names of the files associated with the current
+backgrounded screens in the window.
+.pp
+The
+.CO "fg [file]"
+command
+.QQ foregrounds
+the first screen in the list of backgrounded screens that is
+associated with its argument.
+If no file argument is specified, the first screen on the list is
+foregrounded.
+Foregrounding consists of backgrounding the current screen,
+and replacing its space in the window with the foregrounded screen.
+.pp
+If the last screen in the window is exited, and there are backgrounded
+screens, the first screen on the list of backgrounded screens takes over
+the window.
+.SH 1 "Regular Expressions and Replacement Strings"
+.pp
+Regular expressions are used in line addresses,
+as the first part of the
+.CO ex
+.CO substitute ,
+.CO global ,
+and
+.CO vglobal
+commands, and in search patterns.
+.pp
+The regular expressions supported by
+.EV ex vi
+are, by default, the Basic Regular Expressions (BRE's) described in the
+IEEE POSIX Standard 1003.2.
+The
+.OP extended
+option causes all regular expressions to be interpreted as the Extended
+Regular Expressions (ERE's) described by the same standard.
+(See
+.XR re_format 7
+for more information.)
+Generally speaking, BRE's are the Regular Expressions found in
+.XR ed 1
+and
+.XR grep 1 ,
+and ERE's are the Regular Expressions found in
+.XR egrep 1 .
+.pp
+The following is not intended to provide a description of Regular
+Expressions.
+The information here only describes strings and characters which
+have special meanings in the
+.EV ex vi
+version of RE's,
+or options which change the meanings of characters that normally
+have special meanings in RE's.
+.np
+An empty RE (e.g.
+.QT //
+or
+.QT ??
+is equivalent to the last RE used.
+.np
+The construct
+.QT \e<
+matches the beginning of a word.
+.np
+The construct
+.QT \e>
+matches the end of a word.
+.np
+The character
+.QT ~
+matches the replacement part of the last
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.pp
+When the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set, the only characters with special meanings are a
+.QT ^
+character at the beginning of an RE, a
+.QT $
+character at the end of an RE, and the escaping character
+.QT \e .
+The characters
+.QT \&. ,
+.QT * ,
+.QT [
+and
+.QT ~
+are treated as ordinary characters unless preceded by a
+.QT \e ;
+when preceded by a
+.QT \e
+they regain their special meaning.
+.pp
+Replacement strings are the second part of a
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.pp
+The character
+.QT &
+(or
+.QT \e&
+if the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set) in the replacement string stands for the text matched by the RE
+that is being replaced.
+The character
+.QT ~
+(or
+.QT \e~
+if the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set) stands for the replacement part of the previous
+.CO substitute
+command.
+It is only valid after a
+.CO substitute
+command has been performed.
+.pp
+The string
+.QT \e# ,
+where
+.QT #
+is an integer value from 1 to 9, stands for the text matched by
+the portion of the RE enclosed in the
+.QT # 'th
+set of escaped parentheses, e.g.
+.QT \e(
+and
+.QT \e) .
+For example,
+.QT "s/abc\e(.*\e)def/\e1/"
+deletes the strings
+.QT abc
+and
+.QT def
+from the matched pattern.
+.pp
+The strings
+.QT \el ,
+.QT \eu ,
+.QT \eL
+and
+.QT \eU
+can be used to modify the case of elements in the replacement string.
+The string
+.QT \el
+causes the next character to be converted to lowercase;
+the string
+.QT \eu
+behaves similarly, but converts to uppercase
+(e.g.
+.LI s/abc/\eU&/
+replaces the string
+.LI abc
+with
+.LI ABC ).
+The strings
+.QT \eL
+causes characters up to the end of the string or the next occurrence
+of the strings
+.QT \ee
+or
+.QT \eE
+to be converted to lowercase;
+the string
+.QT \eU
+behaves similarly, but converts to uppercase.
+.pp
+If the entire replacement pattern is
+.QT % ,
+then the last replacement pattern is used again.
+.pp
+In
+.CO vi ,
+inserting a
+.LI <control-M>
+into the replacement string will cause
+the matched line to be split into two lines at that point.
+(The
+.LI <control-M>
+will be discarded.)
+.SH 1 "General Editor Description"
+.pp
+When
+.CO ex
+or
+.CO vi
+are executed,
+the text of a file is read (or a temporary file is created),
+and then all editing changes happen within the context of the
+copy of the file.
+.i "No changes affect the actual file until the file is written out" ,
+either using a write command or another command which is affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.pp
+All files are locked (using the
+.XR flock 2
+or
+.XR fcntl 2
+interfaces) during the edit session,
+to avoid inadvertently making modifications to multiple copies of the file.
+If a lock cannot be obtained for a file because it is locked by another
+process, the edit session is read-only (as if the
+.OP readonly
+option or the
+.b \-R
+flag had been specified).
+If a lock cannot be obtained for other reasons, the edit session will
+continue, but the file status information
+(see the
+.CO <control-G>
+command) will reflect this fact.
+.pp
+Both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+are modeful editors, i.e. they have two modes,
+.QQ command
+mode and
+.QQ "text input"
+mode.
+The former is intended to permit you to enter commands which modifies
+already existing text.
+The latter is intended to permit you to enter new text.
+When
+.CO ex
+first starts running, it is in command mode, and usually displays a prompt
+(see the
+.OP prompt
+option for more information).
+The prompt is a single colon
+.PQ :
+character.
+There are three commands that switch
+.CO ex
+into text input mode:
+.CO append ,
+.CO change
+and
+.CO insert .
+Once in input mode, entering a line containing only a single period
+.PQ \&.
+terminates text input mode and returns to command mode,
+where the prompt is redisplayed.
+.pp
+When
+.CO vi
+first starts running, it is in command mode as well.
+There are eleven commands that switch
+.CO vi
+into text input mode:
+.CO A ,
+.CO a ,
+.CO C ,
+.CO c ,
+.CO I ,
+.CO i ,
+.CO O ,
+.CO o ,
+.CO R ,
+.CO S
+and
+.CO s .
+Once in input mode, entering an
+.LI <escape>
+character terminates text input mode and returns to command mode.
+.pp
+The following words have special meanings in both the
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+command descriptions:
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP <interrupt>
+The interrupt character is used to interrupt the current operation.
+Normally
+.LI <control-C> ,
+whatever character is set for the current terminal is used.
+.KY "<literal next>"
+.IP "<literal next>"
+The literal next character is used to escape the subsequent character
+from any special meaning.
+This character is always
+.LI <control-V> .
+If the terminal is not set up to do XON/XOFF flow control,
+then
+.LI <control-Q>
+is used to mean literal next as well.
+.KY "current pathname"
+.IP "current pathname"
+The pathname of the file currently being edited by vi.
+When the percent character
+.PQ %
+appears in a file name entered as part of an
+.CO ex
+command argument, it is replaced by the current pathname.
+(The
+.QT %
+character can be escaped by preceding it with a backslash.)
+.KY "alternate pathname"
+.IP "alternate pathname"
+The name of the last file name mentioned in an
+.CO ex
+command, or,
+the previous current pathname if the last file mentioned
+becomes the current file.
+When the hash mark character
+.PQ #
+appears in a file name entered as part of an
+.CO ex
+command argument, it is replaced by the alternate pathname.
+(The
+.QT #
+character can be escaped by preceding it with a backslash.)
+.KY buffer
+.IP buffer
+One of a number of named areas for saving copies of text.
+Commands that change or delete text can save the changed or deleted
+text into a specific buffer, for later use, if the command allows
+it (i.e. the
+.CO ex
+.CO change
+command cannot save the changed text in a named buffer).
+Buffers are named with a single character, preceded by a double quote,
+e.g.
+.LI """<character>" .
+Historic implementations of
+.EV ex vi
+limited
+.LI <character>
+to the alphanumeric characters;
+.EV nex nvi
+permits the use of any character.
+.sp
+Buffers named by uppercase characters are the same as buffers
+named by lowercase characters, e.g. the buffer named by the
+English character
+.QT A
+is the same as the buffer named by the character
+.QT a ,
+with the exception that, if the buffer contents are being changed (as
+with a text deletion or
+.CO vi
+.CO change
+command), the text is
+.i appended
+to the buffer, instead of replacing the current contents.
+.sp
+The buffers named by the numeric characters (in English,
+.QT 1
+through
+.QT 9 ),
+are special, in that if at least one line is changed or deleted in
+the file,
+(or a command changes or deletes a region that crosses a line boundary)
+a copy of the text is placed into the numeric buffer
+.QT 1 ,
+regardless of the user specifying another buffer in which to save it.
+Before this copy is done, the previous contents of buffer
+.QT 1
+are moved into buffer
+.QT 2 ,
+.QT 2
+into buffer
+.QT 3 ,
+and so on.
+The contents of buffer
+.QT 9
+are discarded.
+In
+.CO vi ,
+text may be explicitly stored into the numeric buffers.
+In this case, the buffer rotation described above occurs before the
+replacement of the buffer's contents.
+(Text cannot be explicitly stored into the numeric buffers in
+.CO ex
+because of ambiguities that this would cause in the
+.CO ex
+command syntax.)
+.sp
+When a
+.CO vi
+command synopsis shows both a
+.LI [buffer]
+and a
+.LI [count] ,
+they may be presented in any order.
+.sp
+Finally, all buffers are either
+.QQ line
+or
+.QQ character
+oriented.
+All
+.CO ex
+commands which store text into buffers are line oriented.
+Some
+.CO vi
+commands which store text into buffers are line oriented,
+and some are character oriented; the description for each applicable
+.CO vi
+command notes whether text copied into buffers using the command
+is line or character oriented.
+In addition, the
+.CO vi
+command
+.CO "display buffers"
+displays the current orientation for each buffer.
+Generally, the only importance attached to this orientation is that
+if the buffer is subsequently inserted into the text, line oriented
+buffers create new lines for each of the lines they contain, and
+character oriented buffers create new lines for any lines
+.i other
+than the first and last lines they contain.
+The first and last lines are inserted into the text at the current
+cursor position, becoming part of the current line.
+If there is more than one line in the buffer, however, the current
+line itself will be split.
+.KY "unnamed buffer"
+.IP "unnamed buffer"
+The unnamed buffer is a text storage area which is used by commands
+that take a buffer as an argument, when no buffer is specified by
+the user.
+There is no way to explicitly reference this buffer.
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference (Vi Commands)''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference (Vi Commands)'
+.so vi.cmd.roff
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.SH 1 "Ex Addressing"
+.pp
+Addressing in
+.CO ex
+(and when
+.CO ex
+commands are executed from
+.CO vi )
+relates to the current line.
+In general, the current line is the last line affected by a command.
+The exact effect on the current line is discussed under the description
+of each command.
+When the file contains no lines, the current line is zero.
+.pp
+Addresses are constructed by one or more of the following methods:
+.np
+The address
+.QT \&.
+refers to the current line.
+.np
+The address
+.QT $
+refers to the last line of the file.
+.np
+The address
+.QT N ,
+where
+.LI N
+is a positive number, refers to the N-th line of the file.
+.np
+The address
+.QT '<character>
+or
+.QT `<character>
+refers to the line marked with the name
+.LI <character> .
+(See the
+.CO k
+or
+.CO m
+commands for more information on how to mark lines.)
+.np
+A regular expression (RE) enclosed by slashes
+.PQ /
+is an address,
+and it refers to the first line found by searching forward from the line
+.i after
+the current line toward the end of the file, and stopping at the
+first line containing a string matching the RE.
+(The trailing slash can be omitted at the end of the command line.)
+.sp
+If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is
+.QT // ,
+the last RE used in any command is used in the search.
+.sp
+If the
+.OP extended
+option is set, the RE is handled as an extended RE, not a basic RE.
+If the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set, the search wraps around to the beginning of the file
+and continues up to and including the current line, so that the entire
+file is searched.
+.sp
+The form
+.QT \e/
+is accepted for historic reasons,
+and is identical to
+.QT // .
+.np
+An RE enclosed in question marks
+.PQ ?
+addresses the first line found by searching backward from the line
+.i preceding
+the current line, toward the beginning of the file and stopping at the
+first line containing a string matching the RE.
+(The trailing question mark can be omitted at the end of a command line.)
+.sp
+If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is
+.QT ?? ,
+the last RE used in any command is used in the search.
+.sp
+If the
+.OP extended
+option is set, the RE is handled as an extended RE, not a basic RE.
+If the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set, the search  wraps around from the beginning of the file to
+the end of the file and continues up to and including the current line,
+so that the entire file is searched.
+.sp
+The form
+.QT \e?
+is accepted for historic reasons, and is identical to
+.QT ?? .
+.np
+An address followed by a plus sign
+.PQ +
+or a minus sign
+.PQ -
+followed by a number is an offset address and refers to the address
+plus (or minus) the indicated number of lines.
+If the address is omitted, the addition or subtraction is done with
+respect to the current line.
+.np
+An address of
+.QT +
+or
+.QT \-
+followed by a number is an offset from the current line.
+For example,
+.QT \-5
+is the same as
+.QT \&.\-5 .
+.np
+An address ending with
+.QT +
+or
+.QT -
+has 1 added to or subtracted from the address, respectively.
+As a consequence of this rule and of the previous rule, the address
+.QT \-
+refers to the line preceding the current line.
+Moreover, trailing
+.QT +
+and
+.QT \-
+characters have a cumulative effect.
+For example,
+.QT ++\-++
+refers to the current line plus 3.
+.np
+A percent sign
+.PQ %
+is equivalent to the address range
+.QT 1,$ .
+.pp
+.CO Ex
+commands require zero, one, or two addresses.
+It is an error to specify an address to a command which requires zero
+addresses.
+.pp
+If the user provides more than the expected number of addresses to any
+.CO ex
+command, the first addresses specified are discarded.
+For example,
+.QT 1,2,3,5 print
+prints lines 3 through 5, because the
+.CO print
+command only takes two addresses.
+.pp
+The addresses in a range are separated from each other by a comma
+.PQ ,
+or a semicolon
+.PQ ; .
+In the latter case, the current line
+.PQ \&.
+is set to the first address, and only then is the second address calculated.
+This feature can be used to determine the starting line for forward and
+backward searches (see rules (5) and (6) above).
+The second address of any two-address sequence corresponds to a line that
+follows, in the file, the line corresponding to the first address.
+The first address must be less than or equal to the second address.
+The first address must be greater than or equal to the first line of the
+file, and the last address must be less than or equal to the last line
+of the file.
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference (Ex Commands)''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference (Ex Commands)'
+.so ex.cmd.roff
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.so set.opt.roff
+.SH 1 "Additional Features in Nex/Nvi"
+.pp
+There are a few features in
+.EV nex nvi
+that are not found in historic versions of
+.EV ex vi .
+Some of the more interesting of those features are as follows:
+.IP "8-bit clean data, large lines, files"
+.EV Nex nvi
+will edit any format file.
+Line lengths are limited by available memory,
+and file sizes are limited by available disk space.
+The
+.CO vi
+text input mode command
+.CO <control-X>
+can insert any possible character value into the text.
+.IP "Split screens"
+The
+.CO split
+command divides the screen into multiple editing regions.
+The
+.CO <control-W>
+command rotates between the foreground screens.
+The
+.CO resize
+command can be used to grow or shrink a particular screen.
+.IP "Background and foreground screens"
+The
+.CO bg
+command backgrounds the current screen, and the
+.CO fg
+command foregrounds backgrounded screens.
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to list the background screens.
+.\".IP "Shell screens"
+.\"The
+.\".CO ":sc[ript] [file ...]"
+.\"command runs a shell in the screen.
+.\"Editing is unchanged, with the exception that a \fC<carriage-return>\fP
+.\"enters the current line (stripped of any prompt) as input to the
+.\"shell.
+.IP "Tag stacks"
+Tags are now maintained in a stack.
+The
+.CO <control-T>
+command returns to the previous tag location.
+The
+.CO tagpop
+command returns to the most recent tag location by default, or,
+optionally to a specific tag number in the tag stack,
+or the most recent tag from a specified file.
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to list the tags stack.
+The
+.CO tagtop
+command returns to the top of the tag stack.
+.IP "New displays"
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to display the current buffers, the backgrounded
+screens, and the tags stack.
+.IP "Infinite undo"
+Changes made during an edit session may be rolled backward and forward.
+A
+.CO \&.
+command immediately after a
+.CO u
+command continues either forward or backward depending on whether the
+.CO u
+command was an undo or a redo.
+.IP "Usage information"
+The
+.CO exusage
+and
+.CO viusage
+commands provide usage information for all of the
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+commands by default, or, optionally, for a specific command or key.
+.IP "Extended Regular Expressions"
+The
+.CO extended
+option causes Regular Expressions to be interpreted as as Extended
+Regular Expressions, (i.e. \fIegrep\fP(1) style Regular Expressions).
+.IP "Word search"
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command searches for the word referenced by the cursor.
+.IP "Number increment"
+The
+.CO \&#
+command increments or decrements the number referenced by the cursor.
+.IP "Previous file"
+The
+.CO previous
+command edits the previous file from the argument list.
+.IP "Left-right scrolling"
+The
+.CO leftright
+option causes
+.CO nvi
+to do left-right screen scrolling, instead of the traditional
+.CO vi
+line wrapping.
+.bp
+.SH 1 Index
+.lp
+.2c +0.5i 3
+.ta \n($luR
+.nf
+.so index.so
+.fi
+.bp 2
+.1c
+.ce 1
+\fB\s+2Table of Contents\s0\fP
+.sp
+.xp
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref.txt b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..88a98c772989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5544 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                   EExx//VVii RReeffeerreennccee MMaannuuaall
+
+                        _K_e_i_t_h _B_o_s_t_i_c
+
+                 Computer Science Division
+ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+             University of California, Berkeley
+                Berkeley, California  94720
+
+                      August 15, 1994
+
+
+
+                          _A_b_s_t_r_a_c_t
+
+
+
+
+     This document is the reference guide for the 4.4BSD
+implementations of nneexx/nnvvii, which are  reimplementations
+of the historic Berkeley eexx/vvii editors.
+
+
+
+
+
+                      _A_c_k_n_o_w_l_e_d_g_e_m_e_n_t_s
+
+
+
+
+     Bruce  Englar  encouraged  the early development of
+the historic eexx/vvii editor.  Peter Kessler  helped  bring
+sanity  to  version  2's command layout.  Bill Joy wrote
+versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7, and created  the  frame-
+work  that users see in the present editor.  Mark Horton
+added macros and other features and made eexx/vvii work on a
+large number of terminals and Unix systems.
+
+     NNvvii is originally derived from software contributed
+to the University of California, Berkeley by Steve Kirk-
+endall, the author of the vvii clone eellvviiss.
+
+     IEEE  Standard  Portable Operating System Interface
+for Computer Environments (POSIX) 1003.2  style  Regular
+Expression support was done by Henry Spencer.
+
+     The  curses  library  was  originally  done  by Ken
+Arnold.  Scrolling and reworking for  nnvvii  was  done  by
+Elan Amir.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+     The  Institute  of Electrical and Electronics Engi-
+neers has given us permission  to  reprint  portions  of
+their  documentation.   Portions  of  this  document are
+reprinted and reproduced from IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, IEEE
+Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Comput-
+er Environments (POSIX), copyright 1992 by the Institute
+of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+
+     The  financial support of UUNET Communications Ser-
+vices is gratefully acknowledged.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                   UUSSDD::1133--33
+
+
+11..  DDeessccrriippttiioonn
+
+     VVii is a screen oriented text editor.   EExx  is  a  line-
+oriented text editor.  EExx and vvii are different interfaces to
+the same program, and it is  possible  to  switch  back  and
+forth  during  an  edit  session.  VViieeww is the equivalent of
+using the --RR (read-only) option of vvii.
+
+     This reference manual is  the  one  provided  with  the
+nneexx/nnvvii  versions  of  the  eexx/vvii text editors.  NNeexx/nnvvii are
+intended as  bug-for-bug  compatible  replacements  for  the
+original  Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD) eexx/vvii
+programs.  This reference manual is accompanied by a  tradi-
+tional-style  manual  page.   That manual page describes the
+functionality found in eexx/vvii in far  less  detail  than  the
+description  here.   In  addition,  it  describes the system
+interface to  eexx/vvii,  e.g.  command  line  options,  session
+recovery,  signals,  environmental  variables,  and  similar
+things.
+
+     This reference is intended for users  already  familiar
+with eexx/vvii.  Anyone else should almost certainly read a good
+tutorial on the editor first.  If you are in  an  unfamiliar
+environment,  and you absolutely have to get work done imme-
+diately, see the section entitled "FFaasstt SSttaarrttuupp" in the man-
+ual page.  It is probably enough to get you started.
+
+     There  are a few features in nneexx/nnvvii that are not found
+in historic versions of eexx/vvii.  Some of the more interesting
+of those features are briefly described in the section enti-
+tled "AAddddiittiioonnaall FFeeaattuurreess" near the end  of  this  document.
+For  the rest of this document, nneexx/nnvvii is used only when it
+is necessary to distinguish it from the historic implementa-
+tions of eexx/vvii.
+
+     Future  versions  of this software will be periodically
+made available by anonymous ftp, and can be  retrieved  from
+ffttpp..ccss..bbeerrkkeelleeyy..eedduu, in the directory uuccbb//44bbssdd.
+
+22..  SSttaarrttuupp IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn
+
+     EExx/vvii  interprets  one  of  two  possible environmental
+variables and reads up to three of five possible files  dur-
+ing  startup.   The variables and files are expected to con-
+tain eexx commands, not vvii commands.  In  addition,  they  are
+interpreted _b_e_f_o_r_e the file to be edited is read, and there-
+fore many eexx commands may not be used.  Generally, any  com-
+mand that requires output to the screen or that needs a file
+upon which to operate, will cause an error if included in  a
+startup file or environmental variable.
+
+     Because  the  eexx  command set supported by nneexx/nnvvii is a
+superset of the command set  supported  by  most  historical
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--44                                   NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+implementations  of  eexx,  nneexx/nnvvii  can use the startup files
+created for the historical implementations, but the converse
+may not be true.
+
+     If  the  --ss (the historic - option) is specified, or if
+standard input is redirected from a file, all  environmental
+variables and startup files are ignored.
+
+     Otherwise,  startup  files  and environmental variables
+are handled in the following order:
+
+ (1)   The file //eettcc//vvii..eexxrrcc is read, as long as it is owned
+       by root or the effective user ID of the user.
+
+ (2)   The  environmental  variable NNEEXXIINNIITT (or the variable
+       EEXXIINNIITT, if NNEEXXIINNIITT is not set) is interpreted.
+
+ (3)   If neither NNEEXXIINNIITT or EEXXIINNIITT was set,  and  the  HHOOMMEE
+       environmental  variable is set, the file $$HHOOMMEE//..nneexxrrcc
+       (or the file $$HHOOMMEE//..eexxrrcc, if  $$HHOOMMEE//..nneexxrrcc  does  not
+       exist)  is  read, as long as the effective user ID of
+       the user is root or is the same as the owner  of  the
+       file.
+
+ (4)   If the eexxrrcc option was turned on by one of the previ-
+       ous startup information sources, the file ..nneexxrrcc  (or
+       the file ..eexxrrcc, if ..nneexxrrcc does not exist) is read, as
+       long as the effective user ID of the user is the same
+       as the owner of the file.
+
+     No  startup  file  is  read if it is writable by anyone
+other than its owner.
+
+     It is not an error for any of the startup environmental
+variables or files not to exist.
+
+     Once  all  environmental variables are interpreted, and
+all startup files are read, the first file to be  edited  is
+read  in  (or  a temporary file is created).  Then, any com-
+mands specified using the --cc option  are  executed,  in  the
+context of that file.
+
+33..  RReeccoovveerryy
+
+     There  is  no  recovery  program  for nneexx/nnvvii, nor does
+nneexx/nnvvii run setuid.  Recovery files are created readable and
+writable  by  the  owner  only.   Users may recover any file
+which they can read, and the superuser may recover any  edit
+session.
+
+     Edit  sessions  are  backed  by  files in the directory
+named    by    the    rreeccddiirr    option    (the     directory
+//vvaarr//ttmmpp//vvii..rreeccoovveerr  by default), and are named "vvii..XXXXXXXXXXXX",
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                   UUSSDD::1133--55
+
+
+where "XXXXXXXXXXXX" is a number related to the process ID.   When
+a  file is first modified, a second recovery file containing
+an email message for the  user  is  created,  and  is  named
+"rreeccoovveerr..XXXXXXXXXXXX",  where, again, "XXXXXXXXXXXX" is associated with
+the process ID.  Both files are removed at the end of a nor-
+mal  edit  session,  but  will remain if the edit session is
+abnormally terminated or the user runs the eexx pprreesseerrvvee  com-
+mand.
+
+     The  rreeccddiirr  option  may be set in either the user's or
+system's startup information, changing the  recovery  direc-
+tory.  (Note, however, that if a memory based file system is
+used as the backup directory, each system reboot will delete
+all  of  the  recovery  files!   The same caution applies to
+directories such as //ttmmpp which are cleared of their contents
+by  a  system  reboot,  or  //uussrr//ttmmpp  which  is periodically
+cleared of old files on many systems.)
+
+     The recovery directory should be owned by root,  or  at
+least  by a pseudo-user.  In addition, if directory "sticky-
+bit" semantics are available, the directory should have  the
+sticky-bit  set  so  that files may only be removed by their
+owners.  The recovery directory must  be  read,  write,  and
+executable by any user, i.e. mode 1777.
+
+     If  the  recovery  directory does not exist, eexx/vvii will
+attempt to create it.   This  can  result  in  the  recovery
+directory  being  owned  by  a normal user, which means that
+that user will be able to remove other user's  recovery  and
+backup files.  This is annoying, but is not a security issue
+as the user cannot otherwise access or modify the files.
+
+     The recovery file has all of the necessary  information
+in  it  to  enable the user to recover the edit session.  In
+addition, it has all of  the  necessary  email  headers  for
+_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l(8).   When the system is rebooted, all of the files
+in //vvaarr//ttmmpp//vvii..rreeccoovveerr named "rreeccoovveerr..XXXXXXXXXXXX" should be sent
+to  their  owners, by email, using the --tt option of sseennddmmaaiill
+(or  a  similar  mechanism  in  other  mailers).   If  eexx/vvii
+receives  a hangup (SIGHUP) signal, or the user executes the
+eexx pprreesseerrvvee command,  eexx/vvii  will  automatically  email  the
+recovery information to the user.
+
+     If your system does not have the sseennddmmaaiill utility (or a
+mailer program which supports its interface) the source file
+nnvvii//ccoommmmoonn//rreeccoovveerr..cc  will  have  to be modified to use your
+local mail delivery programs.  Note, if nneexx/nnvvii  is  changed
+to  use another mailer, it is important to remember that the
+owner of the file given to the mailer is the  nneexx/nnvvii  user,
+so nothing in the file should be trusted as it may have been
+modified in an effort to compromise the system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--66                                   NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+     Finally, the owner execute bit is set on  backup  files
+when  they  are created, and unset when they are first modi-
+fied, e.g. backup files that have no associated email recov-
+ery  file  will  have  this bit set.  (There is also a small
+window where empty files can be created  and  not  yet  have
+this  bit set.  This is due to the method in which the files
+are created.)  Such files should be deleted when the  system
+reboots.
+
+     A  simple  way to do this cleanup is to insert the fol-
+lowing Bourne shell script into your //eettcc//rrcc..llooccaall (or other
+startup)  file.   The  script  should work with the historic
+Bourne shell, a POSIX 1003.2 shell or the  Korn  shell.   (A
+copy      of      this     script     is     included     as
+nnvvii//iinnssttaallll//rreeccoovveerr..ssccrriipptt in the nneexx/nnvvii distribution.)
+
+
+    ##    @@((##))rreeccoovveerr..ssccrriipptt  88..44 ((BBeerrkkeelleeyy)) 88//1133//9944
+    ##
+    ## RReeccoovveerr nnvvii eeddiittoorr ffiilleess::
+    RREECCDDIIRR==//vvaarr//ttmmpp//vvii..rreeccoovveerr
+    SSEENNDDMMAAIILL==//uussrr//lliibb//sseennddmmaaiill
+    eecchhoo ''RReeccoovveerriinngg nnvvii eeddiittoorr sseessssiioonnss..''
+
+    ## UUnnmmooddiiffiieedd nnvvii eeddiittoorr bbaacckkuupp ffiilleess aarree eeiitthheerr zzeerroo lleennggtthh oorr
+    ## hhaavvee tthhee eexxeeccuuttee bbiitt sseett..  DDeelleettee bbootthh ccaasseess..
+    vviibbaacckkuupp==``eecchhoo $$RREECCDDIIRR//vvii..**``
+    iiff [[ ""$$vviibbaacckkuupp"" !!== ""$$RREECCDDIIRR//vvii..**"" ]];; tthheenn
+         ffoorr ii iinn $$vviibbaacckkuupp;; ddoo
+              iiff tteesstt --xx $$ii --oo !! --ss $$ii;; tthheenn
+                   rrmm $$ii
+              ffii
+         ddoonnee
+    ffii
+
+    ## IItt iiss ppoossssiibbllee ttoo ggeett iinnccoommpplleettee rreeccoovveerryy ffiilleess,, iiff tthhee eeddiittoorr
+    ## ccrraasshheess aatt tthhee rriigghhtt ttiimmee..  DDeelleettee aannyy rreeccoovveerryy ffiilleess wwiitthhoouutt
+    ## ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg bbaacckkuupp ffiilleess,, ootthheerrwwiissee sseenndd mmaaiill ttoo tthhee uusseerr..
+    vviirreeccoovveerryy==``eecchhoo $$RREECCDDIIRR//rreeccoovveerr..**``
+    iiff [[ ""$$vviirreeccoovveerryy"" !!== ""$$RREECCDDIIRR//rreeccoovveerr..**"" ]];; tthheenn
+         ffoorr ii iinn $$vviirreeccoovveerryy;; ddoo
+              rreeccffiillee==``aawwkk ''//^^XX--vvii--rreeccoovveerr--ppaatthh:://{{pprriinntt $$22}}'' << $$ii``
+              iiff tteesstt !! --nn $$rreeccffiillee --aa --ss $$rreeccffiillee;; tthheenn
+                   $$SSEENNDDMMAAIILL --tt << $$ii
+              eellssee
+                   rrmm $$ii
+              ffii
+         ddoonnee
+    ffii
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                   UUSSDD::1133--77
+
+
+     If you are not using the default value for  the  rreeccddiirr
+option, be sure to substitute the value you're using for the
+RREECCDDIIRR value in the recovery script.
+
+     If the path of your system's sseennddmmaaiill program (or what-
+ever  mailer you're using) is not //uussrr//lliibb//sseennddmmaaiill, be sure
+to substitute the correct pathname for the SSEENNDDMMAAIILL value in
+the recovery script.  Consult the manual page for details on
+recovering preserved or aborted editing sessions.
+
+44..  SSiizziinngg tthhee SSccrreeeenn
+
+     The size of the screen can be set in a number of  ways.
+EExx/vvii  takes  the  following steps until values are obtained
+for both the number of rows and number  of  columns  in  the
+screen.
+
+ (1)   If  the  environmental  variable  LLIINNEESS exists, it is
+       used to specify the number of rows in the screen.
+
+ (2)   If the environmental variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS exists,  it  is
+       used  to specify the number of columns in the screen.
+
+ (3)   The TIOCGWINSZ _i_o_c_t_l(2) is attempted on the  standard
+       error file descriptor.
+
+ (4)   The  termcap  entry  (or  terminfo  entry on System V
+       machines) is checked for the "li"  entry  (rows)  and
+       the "co" entry (columns).
+
+ (5)   The  number  of  rows is set to 24, and the number of
+       columns is set to 80.
+
+     If a window change size signal (SIGWINCH) is  received,
+the  new  window  size  is  retrieved  using  the TIOCGWINSZ
+_i_o_c_t_l(2) call, and all other information is ignored.
+
+55..  CChhaarraacctteerr DDiissppllaayy
+
+     In both eexx and vvii printable characters  as  defined  by
+_i_s_p_r_i_n_t(3) are displayed using the local character set.
+
+     Non-printable  characters, for which _i_s_c_n_t_r_l(3) returns
+true, and which are less than octal \076, are  displayed  as
+the  string "^^<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>", where <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> is the charac-
+ter that is the original character's value offset  from  the
+"@@"  character.   For  example,  the octal character \001 is
+displayed as "^^AA".  If _i_s_c_n_t_r_l(3) returns true for the octal
+character  \177,  it  is  displayed as the string "^^??".  All
+other characters are displayed as either hexadecimal values,
+in  the form "00xx<<hhiigghh--hhaallffbbyyttee>> ...... 00xx<<llooww--hhaallffbbyyttee>>", or as
+octal  values,  in  the  form  "\\<<hhiigghh--oonnee--oorr--ttwwoo--bbiittss>>  ......
+\\<<llooww--tthhrreeee--bbiittss>>".   The  display  of unknown characters is
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--88                                   NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+based on the value of the ooccttaall option.
+
+     In vvii command mode, the cursor is always positioned  on
+the  last  column  of characters which take up more than one
+column on the screen.  In vvii text input mode, the cursor  is
+positioned  on  the first column of characters which take up
+more than one column on the screen.
+
+66..  MMuullttiippllee SSccrreeeennss
+
+     NNvvii supports multiple screens by  dividing  the  window
+into regions.  It also supports stacks of screens by permit-
+ting the user to change the set of  screens  that  are  cur-
+rently displayed.
+
+     The  command  sspplliitt divides the current screen into two
+regions of approximately equal size.  If a list of files are
+specified  as  arguments  to  the sspplliitt command, the list of
+files to be edited is initialized as if the nneexxtt command had
+been  used.   If no files are specified, the new screen will
+begin by editing the same file as the previous screen.
+
+     When more than one screen is editing a file, changes in
+any  screen  are  reflected in all other screens editing the
+same file.  Exiting any screen without  saving  any  changes
+(or  explicitly discarding them) is permitted until the last
+screen editing the file is exited.
+
+     The  rreessiizzee  command  permits  resizing  of  individual
+screens.  Screens may be grown, shrunk or set to an absolute
+number of rows.
+
+     The ^^WW command is used to switch between screens.  Each
+^^WW  moves  to the next lower screen in the window, or to the
+first screen in the window if there are no lower screens.
+
+     The bbgg command "backgrounds" the current  screen.   The
+screen  disappears from the window, and the rows it occupied
+are taken over by a neighboring screen.  It is an  error  to
+attempt to background the only screen in the window.
+
+     The  ddiissppllaayy  ssccrreeeennss command displays the names of the
+files associated with the current  backgrounded  screens  in
+the window.
+
+     The ffgg [[ffiillee]] command "foregrounds" the first screen in
+the list of backgrounded screens that is associated with its
+argument.   If  no  file  argument  is  specified, the first
+screen on the list is foregrounded.  Foregrounding  consists
+of backgrounding the current screen, and replacing its space
+in the window with the foregrounded screen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                   UUSSDD::1133--99
+
+
+     If the last screen in the window is exited,  and  there
+are  backgrounded  screens,  the first screen on the list of
+backgrounded screens takes over the window.
+
+77..  RReegguullaarr EExxpprreessssiioonnss aanndd RReeppllaacceemmeenntt SSttrriinnggss
+
+     Regular expressions are used in line addresses, as  the
+first  part  of  the eexx ssuubbssttiittuuttee, gglloobbaall, and vvgglloobbaall com-
+mands, and in search patterns.
+
+     The regular expressions  supported  by  eexx/vvii  are,  by
+default,  the Basic Regular Expressions (BRE's) described in
+the IEEE POSIX Standard 1003.2.  The eexxtteennddeedd option  causes
+all  regular  expressions  to be interpreted as the Extended
+Regular Expressions (ERE's) described by the same  standard.
+(See  _r_e___f_o_r_m_a_t(7)  for more information.)  Generally speak-
+ing, BRE's are the Regular Expressions found  in  _e_d(1)  and
+_g_r_e_p(1),  and  ERE's  are  the  Regular Expressions found in
+_e_g_r_e_p(1).
+
+     The following is not intended to provide a  description
+of Regular Expressions.  The information here only describes
+strings and characters which have special  meanings  in  the
+eexx/vvii  version of RE's, or options which change the meanings
+of characters that normally have special meanings in RE's.
+
+ (1)   An empty RE (e.g.  "////" or "????"  is equivalent to the
+       last RE used.
+
+ (2)   The construct "\\<<" matches the beginning of a word.
+
+ (3)   The construct "\\>>" matches the end of a word.
+
+ (4)   The character "~~" matches the replacement part of the
+       last ssuubbssttiittuuttee command.
+
+     When the mmaaggiicc option is _n_o_t set, the  only  characters
+with  special  meanings are a "^^" character at the beginning
+of an RE, a "$$" character at the  end  of  an  RE,  and  the
+escaping  character  "\\".   The characters "..", "**", "[[" and
+"~~" are treated as ordinary characters unless preceded by  a
+"\\";  when preceded by a "\\" they regain their special mean-
+ing.
+
+     Replacement strings are the second part of a ssuubbssttiittuuttee
+command.
+
+     The  character  "&&" (or "\\&&" if the mmaaggiicc option is _n_o_t
+set) in the replacement string stands for the  text  matched
+by  the  RE  that  is being replaced.  The character "~~" (or
+"\\~~" if the mmaaggiicc option is _n_o_t set) stands for the replace-
+ment  part  of  the previous ssuubbssttiittuuttee command.  It is only
+valid after a ssuubbssttiittuuttee command has been performed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--1100                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+     The string "\\##", where "##" is an integer value  from  1
+to  9,  stands for the text matched by the portion of the RE
+enclosed in the "##"'th  set  of  escaped  parentheses,  e.g.
+"\\(("  and  "\\))".   For example, "ss//aabbcc\\((..**\\))ddeeff//\\11//" deletes
+the strings "aabbcc" and "ddeeff" from the matched pattern.
+
+     The strings "\\ll", "\\uu", "\\LL" and "\\UU" can  be  used  to
+modify  the case of elements in the replacement string.  The
+string "\\ll" causes the next character  to  be  converted  to
+lowercase;  the  string "\\uu" behaves similarly, but converts
+to uppercase (e.g.  ss//aabbcc//\\UU&&// replaces the string aabbcc  with
+AABBCC).   The  strings "\\LL" causes characters up to the end of
+the string or the next occurrence of  the  strings  "\\ee"  or
+"\\EE"  to  be converted to lowercase; the string "\\UU" behaves
+similarly, but converts to uppercase.
+
+     If the entire replacement pattern is "%%", then the last
+replacement pattern is used again.
+
+     In  vvii,  inserting  a  <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>> into the replacement
+string will cause the matched line  to  be  split  into  two
+lines at that point.  (The <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>> will be discarded.)
+
+88..  GGeenneerraall EEddiittoorr DDeessccrriippttiioonn
+
+     When  eexx or vvii are executed, the text of a file is read
+(or a temporary file  is  created),  and  then  all  editing
+changes  happen  within the context of the copy of the file.
+_N_o _c_h_a_n_g_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t _t_h_e _a_c_t_u_a_l _f_i_l_e _u_n_t_i_l _t_h_e _f_i_l_e _i_s  _w_r_i_t_t_e_n
+_o_u_t,  either  using a write command or another command which
+is affected by the aauuttoowwrriittee option.
+
+     All files are locked (using the  _f_l_o_c_k(2)  or  _f_c_n_t_l(2)
+interfaces)  during the edit session, to avoid inadvertently
+making modifications to multiple copies of the file.   If  a
+lock  cannot  be obtained for a file because it is locked by
+another process, the edit session is read-only  (as  if  the
+rreeaaddoonnllyy  option  or  the --RR flag had been specified).  If a
+lock cannot be obtained for other reasons, the edit  session
+will  continue,  but  the  file  status information (see the
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--GG>> command) will reflect this fact.
+
+     Both eexx and vvii are modeful editors, i.e. they have  two
+modes,  "command" mode and "text input" mode.  The former is
+intended to permit you  to  enter  commands  which  modifies
+already existing text.  The latter is intended to permit you
+to enter new text.  When eexx first starts running, it  is  in
+command  mode, and usually displays a prompt (see the pprroommpptt
+option for more information).  The prompt is a single  colon
+("::")  character.   There  are three commands that switch eexx
+into text input mode: aappppeenndd, cchhaannggee and  iinnsseerrtt.   Once  in
+input  mode, entering a line containing only a single period
+("..")  terminates text input mode  and  returns  to  command
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--1111
+
+
+mode, where the prompt is redisplayed.
+
+     When  vvii first starts running, it is in command mode as
+well.  There are eleven commands that switch  vvii  into  text
+input  mode:  AA,  aa,  CC, cc, II, ii, OO, oo, RR, SS and ss.  Once in
+input mode, entering an <<eessccaappee>> character  terminates  text
+input mode and returns to command mode.
+
+     The  following  words have special meanings in both the
+eexx and vvii command descriptions:
+
+<<iinntteerrrruupptt>>
+     The interrupt character is used to interrupt  the  cur-
+     rent operation.  Normally <<ccoonnttrrooll--CC>>, whatever charac-
+     ter is set for the current terminal is used.
+
+<<lliitteerraall nneexxtt>>
+     The literal next character is used to escape the subse-
+     quent character from any special meaning.  This charac-
+     ter is always <<ccoonnttrrooll--VV>>.  If the terminal is not  set
+     up  to  do  XON/XOFF  flow control, then <<ccoonnttrrooll--QQ>> is
+     used to mean literal next as well.
+
+ccuurrrreenntt ppaatthhnnaammee
+     The pathname of the file currently being edited by  vi.
+     When the percent character ("%%") appears in a file name
+     entered as part  of  an  eexx  command  argument,  it  is
+     replaced  by  the current pathname.  (The "%%" character
+     can be escaped by preceding it with a backslash.)
+
+aalltteerrnnaattee ppaatthhnnaammee
+     The name of the last file name mentioned in an eexx  com-
+     mand,  or,  the  previous  current pathname if the last
+     file mentioned becomes the current file.  When the hash
+     mark  character ("##") appears in a file name entered as
+     part of an eexx command argument, it is replaced  by  the
+     alternate  pathname.  (The "##" character can be escaped
+     by preceding it with a backslash.)
+
+bbuuffffeerr
+     One of a number of named areas  for  saving  copies  of
+     text.  Commands that change or delete text can save the
+     changed or deleted text into  a  specific  buffer,  for
+     later use, if the command allows it (i.e. the eexx cchhaannggee
+     command  cannot  save  the  changed  text  in  a  named
+     buffer).   Buffers  are  named with a single character,
+     preceded by a double quote, e.g.   ""<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.   His-
+     toric  implementations  of eexx/vvii limited <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> to
+     the alphanumeric characters; nneexx/nnvvii permits the use of
+     any character.
+
+     Buffers  named  by uppercase characters are the same as
+     buffers named by lowercase characters, e.g. the  buffer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--1122                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+     named  by  the English character "AA" is the same as the
+     buffer named by the character "aa", with  the  exception
+     that, if the buffer contents are being changed (as with
+     a text deletion or vvii  cchhaannggee  command),  the  text  is
+     _a_p_p_e_n_d_e_d  to  the buffer, instead of replacing the cur-
+     rent contents.
+
+     The  buffers  named  by  the  numeric  characters   (in
+     English,  "11"  through "99"), are special, in that if at
+     least one line is changed or deleted in the file, (or a
+     command changes or deletes a region that crosses a line
+     boundary) a copy of the text is placed into the numeric
+     buffer  "11",  regardless of the user specifying another
+     buffer in which to save it.  Before this copy is  done,
+     the  previous  contents  of  buffer  "11" are moved into
+     buffer "22", "22" into buffer "33", and so on.   The  con-
+     tents  of buffer "99" are discarded.  In vvii, text may be
+     explicitly stored into the numeric  buffers.   In  this
+     case, the buffer rotation described above occurs before
+     the replacement of the buffer's contents.  (Text cannot
+     be  explicitly  stored  into  the numeric buffers in eexx
+     because of ambiguities that this would cause in the  eexx
+     command syntax.)
+
+     When  a vvii command synopsis shows both a [[bbuuffffeerr]] and a
+     [[ccoouunntt]], they may be presented in any order.
+
+     Finally, all buffers are either "line"  or  "character"
+     oriented.   All  eexx  commands  which  store  text  into
+     buffers are line  oriented.   Some  vvii  commands  which
+     store text into buffers are line oriented, and some are
+     character oriented; the description for each applicable
+     vvii command notes whether text copied into buffers using
+     the command is line or character  oriented.   In  addi-
+     tion,  the vvii command ddiissppllaayy bbuuffffeerrss displays the cur-
+     rent orientation for each buffer.  Generally, the  only
+     importance  attached to this orientation is that if the
+     buffer is subsequently inserted  into  the  text,  line
+     oriented buffers create new lines for each of the lines
+     they contain, and character oriented buffers create new
+     lines for any lines _o_t_h_e_r than the first and last lines
+     they contain.  The first and last  lines  are  inserted
+     into  the text at the current cursor position, becoming
+     part of the current line.  If there is  more  than  one
+     line  in  the  buffer, however, the current line itself
+     will be split.
+
+uunnnnaammeedd bbuuffffeerr
+     The unnamed buffer is a text storage area which is used
+     by  commands that take a buffer as an argument, when no
+     buffer is specified by the user.  There is  no  way  to
+     explicitly reference this buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--1133
+
+
+99..  VVii DDeessccrriippttiioonn
+
+     VVii  takes  up  the  entire screen to display the edited
+file, except for the bottom line of the screen.  The  bottom
+line  of the screen is used to enter eexx commands, and for vvii
+error and informational messages.  If no  other  information
+is being displayed, the default display can show the current
+cursor row and cursor column, an indication of  whether  the
+file  has been modified, and the current mode of the editor.
+See the rruulleerr,  sshhoowwddiirrttyy  and  sshhoowwmmooddee  options  for  more
+information.
+
+     Empty  lines  do not have any special representation on
+the screen, but lines on the  screen  that  would  logically
+come  after  the  end  of the file are displayed as a single
+tilde ("~~") character.  To differentiate between empty lines
+and  lines consisting of only whitespace characters, use the
+lliisstt option.  Historically, implementations of vvii have  also
+displayed  some  lines  as single asterisk ("@@") characters.
+These were lines that were  not  correctly  displayed,  i.e.
+lines  on the screen that did not correspond to lines in the
+file, or lines that did not fit on the current screen.   NNvvii
+never displays lines in this fashion.
+
+     VVii  is  a  modeful editor, i.e. it has two modes, "com-
+mand" mode and "text input" mode.  When vvii first starts,  it
+is  in command mode.  There are several commands that change
+vvii into text input mode.  The <<eessccaappee>> character is used  to
+resolve  the  text  input  into the file, and exit back into
+command mode.  In vvii command  mode,  the  cursor  is  always
+positioned  on  the  last column of characters which take up
+more than one column on the screen.  In vvii text insert mode,
+the  cursor  is positioned on the first column of characters
+which take up more than one column on the screen.
+
+     Generally, if the cursor line and cursor column are not
+on  the  screen,  then the screen is scrolled (if the target
+cursor is close) or repainted (if the target cursor  is  far
+away) so that the cursor is on the screen.  If the screen is
+scrolled, it is moved a minimal amount, and the cursor  line
+will  usually appear at the top or bottom of the screen.  In
+the screen is repainted, the cursor line will appear in  the
+center  of  the  screen,  unless  the cursor is sufficiently
+close to the beginning or end of the file that this  is  not
+possible.  If the lleeffttrriigghhtt option is set, the screen may be
+scrolled or repainted in a horizontal direction as  well  as
+in a vertical one.
+
+     A  major difference between the historical vvii presenta-
+tion and nnvvii is in the scrolling and screen  oriented  posi-
+tion  commands, <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>>, <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>, <<ccoonnttrrooll--EE>>, <<ccoonn--
+ttrrooll--FF>>, <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>>, <<ccoonnttrrooll--YY>>, HH, LL and MM.  In  histori-
+cal  implementations of vvii, these commands acted on physical
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--1144                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+(as opposed to logical, or screen) lines.   For  lines  that
+were  sufficiently  long  in  relation  to  the  size of the
+screen, this meant that single line  scroll  commands  might
+repaint  the  entire screen, scrolling or screen positioning
+command might not change the screen or move  the  cursor  at
+all,  and  some  lines  simply  could not be displayed, even
+though vvii would edit the file that contained them.  In  nnvvii,
+these  commands  act on logical, i.e. screen lines.  You are
+unlikely to notice any difference  unless  you  are  editing
+files with lines significantly longer than a screen width.
+
+     VVii  keeps track of the currently "most attractive" cur-
+sor position.  Each command description (for  commands  that
+can  change  the  current cursor position), specifies if the
+cursor is set to a specific location in the line, or  if  it
+is moved to the "most attractive cursor position".  The lat-
+ter means that the cursor is moved to  the  cursor  position
+that  is vertically as close as possible to the current cur-
+sor position.  If the current line is shorter than the  cur-
+sor  position  vvii  would select, the cursor is positioned on
+the last character in the line.  (If the line is empty,  the
+cursor is positioned on the first column of the line.)  If a
+command moves the cursor to the most attractive position, it
+does not alter the current cursor position, and a subsequent
+movement will again attempt to move the cursor to that posi-
+tion.  Therefore, although a movement to a line shorter than
+the currently most attractive position will cause the cursor
+to  move to the end of that line, a subsequent movement to a
+longer line will cause the cursor to move back to  the  most
+attractive position.
+
+     In  addition,  the $$ command makes the end of each line
+the most attractive cursor position rather than  a  specific
+column.
+
+     Each  vvii command described below notes where the cursor
+ends up after it is executed.  This position is described in
+terms of characters on the line, i.e.  "the previous charac-
+ter", or, "the last character in  the  line".   This  is  to
+avoid  needing  to  continually refer to on what part of the
+character the cursor rests.
+
+     The following words have special meaning  for  vvii  com-
+mands.
+
+pprreevviioouuss ccoonntteexxtt
+     The  position  of  the  cursor before the command which
+     caused the last absolute movement was  executed.   Each
+     vvii  command  described in the next section that is con-
+     sidered an absolute movement is so noted.  In addition,
+     specifying  _a_n_y  address to an eexx command is considered
+     an absolute movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--1155
+
+
+mmoottiioonn
+     A second vvii command can be used as an optional trailing
+     argument  to the vvii !!, <<, >>, cc, dd, yy, and (depending on
+     the ttiillddeeoopp option) ~~ commands.  This command indicates
+     the  end  of  the region of text that's affected by the
+     command.  The motion command may be either the  command
+     character  repeated (in which case it means the current
+     line) or a cursor  movement  command.   In  the  latter
+     case,  the  region  affected by the command is from the
+     starting or stopping cursor position which comes  first
+     in  the  file,  to  immediately  before the starting or
+     stopping cursor position which comes later in the file.
+     Commands  that operate on lines instead of using begin-
+     ning and ending cursor positions operate on all of  the
+     lines  that  are wholly or partially in the region.  In
+     addition, some  other  commands  become  line  oriented
+     depending on where in the text they are used.  The com-
+     mand descriptions below note these special cases.
+
+     The following commands may all be used as motion compo-
+     nents for vvii commands:
+
+
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>>    <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>   <<ccoonnttrrooll--JJ>>   <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>>
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--NN>>    <<ccoonnttrrooll--PP>>       <<ssppaaccee>>             $$
+               %%   ''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>             ((             ))
+               ++              ,,             --             //
+               00              ;;             ??             BB
+               EE              FF             GG             HH
+               LL              MM             NN             TT
+               WW             [[[[            ]]]]             ^^
+               __   ``<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>             bb             ee
+               ff              hh             jj             kk
+               ll              nn             tt             ww
+               {{              ||             }}
+
+
+     The  optional count prefix available for some of the vvii
+     commands that take motion commands, or the count prefix
+     available  for  the vvii commands that are used as motion
+     components, may be included and  is  _a_l_w_a_y_s  considered
+     part of the motion argument.  For example, the commands
+     "cc22ww" and "22ccww" are equivalent, and the region affected
+     by the cc command is two words of text.  In addition, if
+     the optional count prefix is specified for both the  vvii
+     command  and its motion component, the effect is multi-
+     plicative and is considered part of  the  motion  argu-
+     ment.   For  example, the commands "44ccww" and "22cc22ww" are
+     equivalent, and the region affected by the cc command is
+     four words of text.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--1166                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+ccoouunntt
+     A  positive number used as an optional argument to most
+     commands, either to give a size or a position (for dis-
+     play  or  movement commands), or as a repeat count (for
+     commands that modify  text).   The  count  argument  is
+     always  optional  and  defaults  to  1 unless otherwise
+     noted in the command description.
+
+     When a vvii command synopsis shows both  a  [[bbuuffffeerr]]  and
+     [[ccoouunntt]], they may be presented in any order.
+
+bbiiggwwoorrdd
+     A  set  of  non-whitespace characters preceded and fol-
+     lowed by whitespace characters or the beginning or  end
+     of the file or line.
+
+     Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whites-
+     pace characters) are treated as a single bigword.
+
+wwoorrdd
+     Generally, in languages where it is applicable, vvii rec-
+     ognizes  two kinds of words.  First, a sequence of let-
+     ters, digits and underscores, delimited  at  both  ends
+     by:  characters  other  than letters, digits, or under-
+     scores; the beginning or end of a line;  the  beginning
+     or  end  of the file.  Second, a sequence of characters
+     other than letters, digits, underscores, or  whitespace
+     characters, delimited at both ends by: a letter, digit,
+     underscore, or whitespace character; the  beginning  or
+     end of a line; the beginning or end of the file.
+
+     Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whites-
+     pace characters) are treated as a single word.
+
+ppaarraaggrraapphh
+     An area of text that begins with either  the  beginning
+     of  a  file,  an empty line, or a section boundary, and
+     continues until either an empty line, section boundary,
+     or the end of the file.
+
+     Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whites-
+     pace characters) are treated as a single paragraph.
+
+     Additional paragraph boundaries can  be  defined  using
+     the ppaarraaggrraapphh option.
+
+sseeccttiioonn
+     An  area  of text that starts with the beginning of the
+     file or a line whose first character is an  open  brace
+     ("{{")  and  continues until the next section or the end
+     of the file.
+
+     Additional section boundaries can be defined using  the
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--1177
+
+
+     sseeccttiioonnss option.
+
+sseenntteennccee
+     An  area  of text that begins with either the beginning
+     of the file or the first nonblank  character  following
+     the  previous  sentence, paragraph, or section boundary
+     and continues until the end of  the  file  or  a  or  a
+     period ("..")  exclamation point ("!!")  or question mark
+     ("??")  character, followed by either an end-of-line  or
+     two  whitespace  characters.   Any  number  of  closing
+     parentheses ("))"), brackets ("]]") or double-quote ("""")
+     characters  can  appear between the period, exclamation
+     point, or question mark and the  whitespace  characters
+     or end-of-line.
+
+     Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whites-
+     pace characters) are treated as a single sentence.
+
+1100..  VVii CCoommmmaannddss
+
+     The following section describes the commands  available
+in  the command mode of the vvii editor.  In each entry below,
+the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command  character.
+In  addition,  the  final  line  and column the cursor rests
+upon, and any options which affect the command are noted.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>>
+     Search forward ccoouunntt times for the current  word.   The
+     current word begins at the first non-whitespace charac-
+     ter on  or  after  the  current  cursor  position,  and
+     extends up to the next non-word character or the end of
+     the line.  The search is literal, i.e. no characters in
+     the  word  have any special meaning in terms of Regular
+     Expressions.  It is an error if no matching pattern  is
+     found  between the starting position and the end of the
+     file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>> command is an absolute  movement.   The
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>> command may be used as the motion component
+     of other vvii commands, in which  case  any  text  copied
+     into a buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line where the word is found.
+     Column:  Set to the first character of the word.
+     Options: Affected by the eexxtteennddeedd, iiggnnoorreeccaassee and wwrraapp--
+              ssccaann options.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>>
+     Page backward ccoouunntt screens.  Two lines of overlap  are
+     maintained  by  displaying  the window starting at line
+     ((ttoopp__lliinnee -- ccoouunntt ** wwiinnddooww__ssiizzee)) ++ 22, where wwiinnddooww__ssiizzee
+     is  the  value  of  the wwiinnddooww option.  (In the case of
+     split screens, this size is corrected  to  the  current
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--1188                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     screen size.)  This is an error if the movement is past
+     the beginning of the file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>> command is an absolute movement.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last line of text displayed on  the
+              screen.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+     Scroll forward ccoouunntt lines.  If ccoouunntt is not specified,
+     scroll  forward  the  number  of lines specified by the
+     last <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> or <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> command.   If  this  is
+     the  first  <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>  or <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> command, scroll
+     forward half the number of lines in  the  screen.   (In
+     the  case  of split screens, the default scrolling dis-
+     tance is corrected to half the  current  screen  size.)
+     This is an error if the movement is past the end of the
+     file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> command is an absolute movement.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line  plus  the  number  of
+              lines scrolled.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--EE>>
+     Scroll forward ccoouunntt lines, leaving the cursor  on  the
+     current line and column, if possible.  This is an error
+     if the movement is past the end of the file.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged unless the current line scrolls  off
+              the  screen,  in  which  case it is set to the
+              first line on the screen.
+     Column:  Unchanged unless the current line scrolls  off
+              the  screen,  in  which  case it is set to the
+              most attractive cursor position.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--FF>>
+     Page forward ccoouunntt screens.  Two lines of  overlap  are
+     maintained  by  displaying  the window starting at line
+     ttoopp__lliinnee ++ ccoouunntt ** wwiinnddooww__ssiizzee -- 22,  where  wwiinnddooww__ssiizzee
+     is  the  value  of  the wwiinnddooww option.  (In the case of
+     split screens, this size is corrected  to  the  current
+     screen size.)  This is an error if the movement is past
+     the end of the file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--FF>> command is an absolute movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--1199
+
+
+     Line:    Set to the first line on the screen.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  of  the
+              current line.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--GG>>
+     Display the file information.  The information includes
+     the current pathname, the current line, the  number  of
+     total lines in the file, the current line as a percent-
+     age of the total lines in the file,  if  the  file  has
+     been  modified,  was  able  to be locked, if the file's
+     name has been changed, and if the edit session is read-
+     only.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] hh
+     Move  the  cursor  back ccoouunntt characters in the current
+     line.  This is an error if the cursor is on  the  first
+     character in the line.
+
+     The  <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>  and  hh  commands  may  be used as the
+     motion component of other vvii commands,  in  which  case
+     any text copied into a buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to the ccuurrrreenntt -- ccoouunntt character, or, the
+              first  character  in  the  line  if  ccoouunntt  is
+              greater than or equal to the number of charac-
+              ters in the line before the cursor.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--JJ>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--NN>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] jj
+     Move the cursor down ccoouunntt lines without  changing  the
+     current  column.   This  is an error if the movement is
+     past the end of the file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--JJ>>, <<ccoonnttrrooll--NN>> and jj commands may be used
+     as  the motion component of other vvii commands, in which
+     case any text copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line plus ccoouunntt.
+     Column:  The most attractive cursor position.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--LL>>
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--RR>>
+     Repaint the screen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--2200                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] ++
+     Move the cursor down ccoouunntt lines to the first  nonblank
+     character  of that line.  This is an error if the move-
+     ment is past the end of the file.
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--MM>> and ++  commands  may  be  used  as  the
+     motion  component  of  other vvii commands, in which case
+     any text copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line plus ccoouunntt.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ccoonnttrrooll--PP>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] kk
+     Move  the  cursor  up ccoouunntt lines, without changing the
+     current column.  This is an error if  the  movement  is
+     past the beginning of the file.
+
+     The  <<ccoonnttrrooll--PP>>  and  kk  commands  may  be used as the
+     motion component of other vvii commands,  in  which  case
+     any text copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line minus count.
+     Column:  The most attractive cursor position.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+     Return to the most recent tag context.  The <<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+     command is an absolute movement.
+
+     Line:    Set to the context of the  previous  tag  com-
+              mand.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  context of the previous tag com-
+              mand.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>>
+     Scroll backward ccoouunntt lines.  If ccoouunntt  is  not  speci-
+     fied,  scroll backward the number of lines specified by
+     the last <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> or <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> command.   If  this
+     is the first <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> or <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> command, scroll
+     backward half the number of lines in the  screen.   (In
+     the  case  of split screens, the default scrolling dis-
+     tance is corrected to half the  current  screen  size.)
+     This  is an error if the movement is past the beginning
+     of the file.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--2211
+
+
+     The <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> command is an absolute movement.
+
+     Line:    Set to  the  current  line  minus  the  amount
+              scrolled.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character in the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--WW>>
+     Switch to the next lower screen in the window,  or,  to
+     the  first  screen if there are no lower screens in the
+     window.
+
+     Line:    Set to the previous  cursor  position  in  the
+              window.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  previous  cursor position in the
+              window.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--YY>>
+     Scroll backward ccoouunntt lines, leaving the  current  line
+     and column as is, if possible.  This is an error if the
+     movement is past the beginning of the file.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged unless the current line scrolls  off
+              the  screen,  in  which  case it is set to the
+              last line of text displayed on the screen.
+     Column:  Unchanged unless the current line scrolls  off
+              the  screen,  in  which  case  it  is the most
+              attractive cursor position.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--ZZ>>
+     Suspend the current editor session.  If  the  file  has
+     been modified since it was last completely written, and
+     the aauuttoowwrriittee option is set, the file is written before
+     the  editor session is suspended.  If this write fails,
+     the editor session is not suspended.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: Affected by the aauuttoowwrriittee option.
+
+<<eessccaappee>>
+     Execute eexx commands or cancel partial commands.  If  an
+     eexx  command  is being entered (e.g.  //, ??, :: or !!), the
+     command is executed.  If a  partial  command  has  been
+     entered, e.g.  or the command is cancelled.  Otherwise,
+     it is an error.
+
+     Line:    When an eexx command is being executed, the cur-
+              rent  line  is  set as described for that com-
+              mand.  Otherwise, unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--2222                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Column:  When an eexx command is being executed, the cur-
+              rent  column is set as described for that com-
+              mand.  Otherwise, unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--]]>>
+     Push a tag reference onto  the  tag  stack.   The  tags
+     files  (see  the  ttaaggss option for more information) are
+     searched for a tag matching the current word.  The cur-
+     rent  word begins at the first non-whitespace character
+     on or after the current cursor position, and extends up
+     to  the next non-word character or the end of the line.
+     If a matching tag is found, the current  file  is  dis-
+     carded  and  the  file  containing the tag reference is
+     edited.
+
+     If the current file has been modified since it was last
+     completely  written,  the command will fail.  The <<ccoonn--
+     ttrrooll--]]>> command is an absolute movement.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line containing  the  matching  tag
+              string.
+     Column:  Set to the start of the matching tag string.
+     Options: Affected by the ttaaggss and ttaagglleennggtthh options.
+
+<<ccoonnttrrooll--^^>>
+     Switch to the most recently edited file.
+
+     If  the  file  has been modified since it was last com-
+     pletely written, and the aauuttoowwrriittee option is  set,  the
+     file  is written out.  If this write fails, the command
+     will fail.  Otherwise, if the  current  file  has  been
+     modified since it was last completely written, the com-
+     mand will fail.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line the cursor  was  on  when  the
+              file was last edited.
+     Column:  Set  to  the column the cursor was on when the
+              file was last edited.
+     Options: Affected by the aauuttoowwrriittee option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] <<ssppaaccee>>
+[[ccoouunntt]] ll
+     Move the cursor forward ccoouunntt characters without chang-
+     ing  the  current line.  This is an error if the cursor
+     is on the last character in the line.
+
+     The <<ssppaaccee>> and ll commands may be used  as  the  motion
+     component  of other vvii commands, in which case any text
+     copied into a buffer is character oriented.   In  addi-
+     tion,  these  commands may be used as the motion compo-
+     nents of other commands when the cursor is on the  last
+     character in the line, without error.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--2233
+
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  current  character plus the next
+              ccoouunntt characters, or to the last character  on
+              the  line  if ccoouunntt is greater than the number
+              of characters in the line  after  the  current
+              character.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] !! mmoottiioonn sshheellll--aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+     Replace  text  with results from a shell command.  Pass
+     the lines specified by the ccoouunntt and  mmoottiioonn  arguments
+     as  standard  input  to  the program named by the sshheellll
+     option, and replace those lines with the  output  (both
+     standard error and standard output) of that command.
+
+     After  the  motion is entered, vvii prompts for arguments
+     to the shell command.
+
+     Within those arguments,  "%%"  and  "##"  characters  are
+     expanded   to  the  current  and  alternate  pathnames,
+     respectively.  The "!!"  character is expanded with  the
+     command  text  of  the  previous  !!   or  ::!!  commands.
+     (Therefore, the command  !!!!   repeats  the  previous  !!
+     command.)   The  special  meanings  of "%%", "##" and "!!"
+     can be overridden by escaping them  with  a  backslash.
+     If no !!  or ::!!  command has yet been executed, it is an
+     error to use an unescaped "!!"  character.  The !!   com-
+     mand  does  _n_o_t  do shell expansion on the strings pro-
+     vided as arguments.  If any  of  the  above  expansions
+     change  the  arguments the user entered, the command is
+     redisplayed at the bottom of the screen.
+
+     VVii then executes the program named by the sshheellll option,
+     with  a  --cc  flag  followed by the arguments (which are
+     bundled into a single argument).
+
+     The !!  command is permitted in an empty file.
+
+     If the file has been modified since it  was  last  com-
+     pletely written, the !!  command will warn you.
+
+     Line:    The first line of the replaced text.
+     Column:  The first column of the replaced text.
+     Options: Affected by the sshheellll option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ## ++||--||##
+     Increment or decrement the current number.  The current
+     number begins at the first non-number character  on  or
+     before the current cursor position, or the beginning of
+     the line, and extends up to the first non-number  char-
+     acter  on  or  after the current cursor position or the
+     end of the line.  If the trailing character is a ++, the
+     number  is  incremented  by  ccoouunntt.   If  the  trailing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--2244                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     character is a --, the number is decremented  by  ccoouunntt.
+     If  the  trailing character is a ##, the previous incre-
+     ment or decrement is repeated.
+
+     The format of the  number  (decimal,  hexadecimal,  and
+     octal,  and  leading  0's)  is  retained unless the new
+     value cannot be represented in the previous format.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the first character in the cursor word.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] $$
+     Move  the  cursor  to  the  end of a line.  If ccoouunntt is
+     specified, the cursor moves down ccoouunntt -- 11 lines.
+
+     It is not an error to use the $$ command when the cursor
+     is  on  the last character in the line or when the line
+     is empty.
+
+     The $$ command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented, unless the cursor is  at,
+     or  before the first nonblank character in the line, in
+     which case it is line oriented.  It is not an error  to
+     use the $$ command as a motion component when the cursor
+     is on the last character in the line, although it is an
+     error when the line is empty.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line plus ccoouunntt minus 1.
+     Column:  Set to the last character in the line.
+     Options: None.
+
+%%
+     Move  to  the  matching character.  The cursor moves to
+     the parenthesis or curly brace which _m_a_t_c_h_e_s the paren-
+     thesis or curly brace found at the current cursor posi-
+     tion or which is the closest one to the  right  of  the
+     cursor  on  the  line.  It is an error to execute the %%
+     command on a line without a parenthesis or curly brace.
+     Historically,  any ccoouunntt specified to the %% command was
+     ignored.
+
+     The %% command is an absolute movement.  The  %%  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     character  oriented,  unless  the starting point of the
+     region is at or before the first nonblank character  on
+     its  line, and the ending point is at or after the last
+     nonblank character on its line, in  which  case  it  is
+     line oriented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--2255
+
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line containing the matching char-
+              acter.
+     Column:  Set to the matching character.
+     Options: None.
+
+&&
+     Repeat the previous substitution command on the current
+     line.
+
+     Historically,  any ccoouunntt specified to the && command was
+     ignored.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged if the cursor was on the last  char-
+              acter in the line, otherwise, set to the first
+              nonblank character in the line.
+     Options: Affected  by   the   eeddccoommppaattiibbllee,   eexxtteennddeedd,
+              iiggnnoorreeccaassee and mmaaggiicc options.
+
+''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+``<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Return  to  a  context marked by the character <<cchhaarraacc--
+     tteerr>>.  If <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> is  the  "''"  or  "``"  character,
+     return  to the previous context.  If <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> is any
+     other character, return to the context marked  by  that
+     character (see the mm command for more information).  If
+     the command is the '' command, only the  line  value  is
+     restored,  and  the  cursor is placed on the first non-
+     blank character of that line.  If the command is the  ``
+     command,  both the line and column values are restored.
+
+     It is an error if the context no longer exists  because
+     of  line  deletion.   (Contexts  follow  lines that are
+     moved, or which are deleted and then restored.)
+
+     The '' and `` commands are both absolute movements.  They
+     may  be  used  as  a motion component for other vvii com-
+     mands.  For the ''  command,  any  text  copied  into  a
+     buffer  is  line oriented.  For the `` command, any text
+     copied into a buffer is character oriented,  unless  it
+     both  starts  and  stops  at the first character in the
+     line, in which case it is line oriented.  In  addition,
+     when  using  the  `` command as a motion component, com-
+     mands which move backward  and  started  at  the  first
+     character in the line, or move forward and ended at the
+     first character in the line, are corrected to the  last
+     character  of  the  starting  and ending lines, respec-
+     tively.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line from the context.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line,  for  the '' command, and set to the con-
+              text's column for the `` command.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--2266                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ((
+     Back up ccoouunntt sentences.
+
+     The (( command is an absolute movement.  The  ((  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     character  oriented,  unless  the starting and stopping
+     points of the region are the  first  character  in  the
+     line, in which case it is line oriented.  In the latter
+     case, the stopping point of the region is  adjusted  to
+     be  the  end of the line immediately before it, and not
+     the original cursor position.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line containing  the  beginning  of
+              the sentence.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              sentence.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ))
+     Move forward ccoouunntt sentences.
+
+     The )) command is an absolute movement.  The  ))  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     character  oriented,  unless  the starting point of the
+     region is the first character in  the  line,  in  which
+     case  it  is line oriented.  In the latter case, if the
+     stopping point of the region is also the first  charac-
+     ter  in  the  line, it is adjusted to be the end of the
+     line immediately before it.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line containing  the  beginning  of
+              the sentence.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              sentence.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ,,
+     Reverse find character ccoouunntt times.  Reverse  the  last
+     FF,  ff,  TT  or tt command, searching the other way in the
+     line, ccoouunntt times.
+
+     The ,, command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the searched-for character.
+     Options: None.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--2277
+
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] --
+     Move to first nonblank  of  the  previous  line,  ccoouunntt
+     times.
+
+     This  is an error if the movement is past the beginning
+     of the file.
+
+     The -- command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the current line minus ccoouunntt.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ..
+     Repeat  the  last  vvii  command that modified text.  The
+     repeated command may be a command and motion  component
+     combination.   If  ccoouunntt is specified, it replaces _b_o_t_h
+     the count specified for the repeated command,  and,  if
+     applicable,  for  the  repeated  motion  component.  If
+     ccoouunntt is not specified, the counts originally specified
+     to the command being repeated are used again.
+
+     As  a special case, if the ..  command is executed imme-
+     diately after the uu command, the change log  is  rolled
+     forward  or  backward, depending on the action of the uu
+     command.
+
+     Line:    Set as described for the repeated command.
+     Column:  Set as described for the repeated command.
+     Options: None.
+
+//RREE<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+//RREE// [[ooffffsseett]]<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+??RREE<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+??RREE?? [[ooffffsseett]]<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>
+NN
+nn
+     Search forward or backward for  a  regular  expression.
+     The commands beginning with a slash ("//") character are
+     forward searches, the commands beginning with  a  ques-
+     tion  mark  ("??")   are  backward searches.  VVii prompts
+     with the leading character on  the  last  line  of  the
+     screen for a string.  It then searches forward or back-
+     ward in the file for the next occurrence of the string,
+     which is interpreted as a Basic Regular Expression.
+
+     The // and ??  commands are absolute movements.  They may
+     be used as the motion components of other vvii  commands,
+     in  which case any text copied into a buffer is charac-
+     ter oriented, unless the search started  and  ended  on
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--2288                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     the  first  column  of a line, in which case it is line
+     oriented.  In addition, forward searches ending at  the
+     first character of a line, and backward searches begin-
+     ning at the first character in the line, are  corrected
+     to  begin  or end at the last character of the previous
+     line.  (Note, forward and backward searches  can  occur
+     for  both  // and ??  commands, if the wwrraappssccaann option is
+     set.)
+
+     If an offset from the matched line is specified (i.e. a
+     trailing  "//" or "??"  character is followed by a signed
+     offset), the buffer will always be line oriented  (e.g.
+     "//ssttrriinngg//++00" will always guarantee a line orientation).
+
+     The nn command repeats the previous search.
+
+     The NN command repeats the previous search, but  in  the
+     reverse direction.
+
+     Missing RE's (e.g.  "////<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>", "//<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--
+     rreettuurrnn>>",   "????<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>",   or    "??<<ccaarrrriiaaggee--
+     rreettuurrnn>>"  search  for  the last search RE, in the indi-
+     cated direction.
+
+     Searches may be interrupted using the <<iinntteerrrruupptt>> char-
+     acter.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line in which the match occurred.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  character  of the matched
+              string.
+     Options: Affected  by   the   eeddccoommppaattiibbllee,   eexxtteennddeedd,
+              iiggnnoorreeccaassee, mmaaggiicc, and wwrraappssccaann options.
+
+00
+     Move to the first character in the current line.  It is
+     not an error to use the 00 command when the cursor is on
+     the first character in the line,
+
+     The  00  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case it is an error if  the
+     cursor is on the first character in the line.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the first character in the line.
+     Options: None.
+
+::
+     Execute an ex command.  VVii prompts for an eexx command on
+     the last line of the screen, using a colon ("::")  char-
+     acter.   The  command  is  terminated  by  a <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--
+     rreettuurrnn>>, <<nneewwlliinnee>> or <<eessccaappee>> character; all of  these
+     characters  may  be  escaped  by using a <<lliitteerraall nneexxtt>>
+     character.  The command is then executed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--2299
+
+
+     If the eexx command writes to the screen, vvii will  prompt
+     the user for a <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>> before continuing when
+     the eexx command finishes.  Large amounts of output  from
+     the eexx command will be paged for the user, and the user
+     prompted for a <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>> or <<ssppaaccee>> key to con-
+     tinue.   In  some cases, a quit (normally a "q" charac-
+     ter) or <<iinntteerrrruupptt>> may be entered to interrupt the  eexx
+     command.
+
+     When  the eexx command finishes, and the user is prompted
+     to resume visual mode, it is  also  possible  to  enter
+     another "::" character followed by another eexx command.
+
+     Line:    The  current  line is set as described for the
+              eexx command.
+     Column:  The current column is set as described for the
+              eexx command.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ;;
+     Repeat  the  last character find ccoouunntt times.  The last
+     character find is one of the FF, ff, TT or tt commands.
+
+     The ;; command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the searched-for character.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] << mmoottiioonn
+[[ccoouunntt]] >> mmoottiioonn
+     Shift lines left or right.  Shift the number  of  lines
+     in  the region specified by the motion component, times
+     ccoouunntt, left (for the << command) or  right  (for  the  >>
+     command)  by  the  number  of  columns specified by the
+     sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh  option.   Only  whitespace  characters  are
+     deleted when shifting left; once the first character in
+     the line contains a nonblank character, the sshhiifftt  will
+     succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character in the
+              line.
+     Options: Affected by the sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option.
+
+@@ bbuuffffeerr
+     Execute a named buffer.  Execute the named buffer as vvii
+     commands.  The buffer may include eexx commands, too, but
+     they must be expressed as a :: command.  If  the  buffer
+     is  line  oriented,  <<nneewwlliinnee>> characters are logically
+     appended to each line of the buffer.  If the buffer  is
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--3300                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     character  oriented, <<nneewwlliinnee>> characters are logically
+     appended to all but the last line in the buffer.
+
+     If the buffer name is "@@", or "**", then the last buffer
+     executed shall be used.  It is an error to specify "@@@@"
+     or "****" if there were no  buffer  previous  executions.
+     The text of a macro may contain an @@ command, and it is
+     possible to create infinite loops in this manner.  (The
+     <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>  character  may  be  used  to interrupt the
+     loop.)
+
+     Line:    The current line is set as described  for  the
+              command(s).
+     Column:  The current column is set as described for the
+              command(s).
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] AA
+     Enter input mode, appending the text after the  end  of
+     the  line.   If ccoouunntt is specified, the text is repeat-
+     edly input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times  after  input  mode  is
+     exited.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  last  line upon which characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected by the aallttwweerraassee,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,  bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,   sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and  wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] BB
+     Move backward ccoouunntt bigwords.  Move the cursor backward
+     to  the beginning of a bigword by repeating the follow-
+     ing algorithm: if the current position is at the begin-
+     ning of a bigword or the character at the current posi-
+     tion cannot be part of a bigword,  move  to  the  first
+     character of the preceding bigword.  Otherwise, move to
+     the first character of the bigword at the current posi-
+     tion.   If  no  preceding bigword exists on the current
+     line, move to the first character of the  last  bigword
+     on the first preceding line that contains a bigword.
+
+     The  BB  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line containing the word selected.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  character  of  the   word
+              selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] CC
+     Change  text  from  the current position to the end-of-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--3311
+
+
+     line.  If ccoouunntt is specified, the input  text  replaces
+     from  the  current  position  to  the end-of-line, plus
+     ccoouunntt -- 11 subsequent lines.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] DD
+     Delete  text  from  the current position to the end-of-
+     line.
+
+     It is not an error to execute the DD command on an empty
+     line.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to the character before the current char-
+              acter, or, column 1 if the cursor was on  col-
+              umn 1.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] EE
+     Move  forward  ccoouunntt  end-of-bigwords.  Move the cursor
+     forward to the end of a bigword by repeating  the  fol-
+     lowing algorithm: if the current position is the end of
+     a bigword or the character at that position  cannot  be
+     part  of  a  bigword, move to the last character of the
+     following bigword.  Otherwise, move to the last charac-
+     ter of the bigword at the current position.  If no suc-
+     ceeding bigword exists on the current line, move to the
+     last character of the first bigword on the next follow-
+     ing line that contains a bigword.
+
+     The EE command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line containing the word  selected.
+     Column:  Set   to   the  last  character  of  the  word
+              selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] FF <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Search ccoouunntt times backward through  the  current  line
+     for <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.
+
+     The  FF  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--3322                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the searched-for character.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] GG
+     Move  to  line  ccoouunntt,  or the last line of the file if
+     ccoouunntt not specified.
+
+     The GG command is an absolute movement.  The  GG  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  ccoouunntt,  if  specified, otherwise, the
+              last line.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] HH
+     Move  to  the screen line ccoouunntt -- 11 lines below the top
+     of the screen.
+
+     The HH command is an absolute movement.  The  HH  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line ccoouunntt -- 11 lines below the top
+              of the screen.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  of  the
+              _s_c_r_e_e_n line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] II
+     Enter  input  mode, inserting the text at the beginning
+     of the line.  If ccoouunntt is specified, the text input  is
+     repeatedly input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  last  line upon which characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] JJ
+     Join lines.  If ccoouunntt is  specified,  ccoouunntt  lines  are
+     joined;  a  minimum  of  two  lines  are always joined,
+     regardless of the value of ccoouunntt.
+
+     If the current line ends with a  whitespace  character,
+     all  whitespace is stripped from the next line.  Other-
+     wise, if the next line starts with a  open  parenthesis
+     ("((")  do nothing.  Otherwise, if the current line ends
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--3333
+
+
+     with a question mark ("??"), period ("..")   or  exclama-
+     tion point ("!!"), insert two spaces.  Otherwise, insert
+     a single space.
+
+     It is not an error to join lines past the  end  of  the
+     file, i.e. lines that do not exist.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to the character after the last character
+              of the next-to-last joined line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] LL
+     Move to the screen line ccoouunntt -- 11 lines above the  bot-
+     tom of the screen.
+
+     The  LL  command is an absolute movement.  The LL command
+     may be used as the motion component of  other  vvii  com-
+     mands,  in  which case any text copied into a buffer is
+     line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line ccoouunntt -- 11 lines above the bot-
+              tom of the screen.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              _s_c_r_e_e_n line.
+     Options: None.
+
+ MM
+     Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+
+     The MM command is an absolute movement.  The  MM  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     line oriented.
+
+     Historically,  any ccoouunntt specified to the MM command was
+     ignored.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line in the middle of the screen.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  of  the
+              _s_c_r_e_e_n line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] OO
+     Enter  input  mode,  appending text in a new line above
+     the current line.  If  ccoouunntt  is  specified,  the  text
+     input is repeatedly input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     Historically,  any ccoouunntt specified to the OO command was
+     ignored.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--3344                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] PP
+     Insert  text  from a buffer.  Text from the buffer (the
+     unnamed buffer by default) is inserted before the  cur-
+     rent  column or, if the buffer is line oriented, before
+     the current line.
+
+     Line:    Set to the lowest numbered line insert, if the
+              buffer  is line oriented, otherwise unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  of  the
+              appended text, if the buffer is line oriented,
+              otherwise, the last character of the  appended
+              text.
+     Options: None.
+
+QQ
+     Exit vvii (or visual) mode and switch to eexx mode.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  No longer relevant.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] RR
+     Enter  input mode, replacing the characters in the cur-
+     rent line.  If ccoouunntt is specified, the  text  input  is
+     repeatedly input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     If  the  end  of  the  current line is reached, no more
+     characters are  replaced  and  any  further  characters
+     input are appended to the line.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  last  line upon which characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected by the aallttwweerraassee,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,  bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,   sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and  wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] SS
+     Substitute ccoouunntt lines.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--3355
+
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] TT <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Search  backward, ccoouunntt times, through the current line
+     for the character _a_f_t_e_r the specified <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.
+
+     The TT command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the character  _a_f_t_e_r  the  searched-for
+              character.
+     Options: None.
+
+UU
+     Restore the current line to its state before the cursor
+     last moved to it.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  The first character in the line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] WW
+     Move forward ccoouunntt bigwords.  Move the  cursor  forward
+     to  the beginning of a bigword by repeating the follow-
+     ing algorithm: if the current position is within a big-
+     word  or  the character at that position cannot be part
+     of a bigword, move to the first character of  the  next
+     bigword.   If  no subsequent bigword exists on the cur-
+     rent line, move to the first  character  of  the  first
+     bigword  on  the  first  following line that contains a
+     bigword.
+
+     The WW command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    The line containing the word selected.
+     Column:  The first character of the word selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] XX
+     Delete ccoouunntt characters before the cursor.  If the num-
+     ber  of  characters  to  be  deleted is greater than or
+     equal to the number of characters to the  beginning  of
+     the line, all of the characters before the current cur-
+     sor  position,  to  the  beginning  of  the  line,  are
+     deleted.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to  the current character minus ccoouunntt, or
+              the first character if count is  greater  than
+              the  number  of  characters in the line before
+              the cursor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--3366                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] YY
+     Copy (or "yank") ccoouunntt lines into the specified buffer.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+ZZZZ
+     Write  the  file and exit vvii.  The file is only written
+     if it has been modified since the last  complete  write
+     of the file to any file.
+
+     The  ZZZZ  command will exit the editor after writing the
+     file, if there are no further files to edit.   Entering
+     two  "quit"  commands  (i.e.  wwqq, qquuiitt, xxiitt or ZZZZ) in a
+     row will override this check and the editor will  exit,
+     ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] [[[[
+     Back up ccoouunntt section boundaries.
+
+     The [[[[ command is an absolute movement.  The [[[[ command
+     may be used as the motion component of  other  vvii  com-
+     mands,  in  which case any text copied into a buffer is
+     character oriented, unless  the  starting  position  is
+     column 0, in which case it is line oriented.
+
+     This  is an error if the movement is past the beginning
+     of the file.
+
+     Line:    Set to the previous line that is ccoouunntt section
+              boundaries back, or the first line of the file
+              if no more section boundaries exist  preceding
+              the current line.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character in the
+              line.
+     Options: Affected by the sseeccttiioonnss option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ]]]]
+     Move forward ccoouunntt section boundaries.
+
+     The ]]]] command is an absolute movement.  The ]]]] command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     character  oriented,  unless  the  starting position is
+     column 0, in which case it is line oriented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--3377
+
+
+     This is an error if the movement is past the end of the
+     file.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the line that is ccoouunntt section bound-
+              aries forward, or to the last line of the file
+              if  no more section boundaries exist following
+              the current line.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+     Options: Affected by the sseeccttiioonnss option.
+
+^^
+     Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+
+     The  ^^  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character of the
+              current line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] __
+     Move down ccoouunntt -- 11 lines, to the first nonblank  char-
+     acter.   The __ command may be used as the motion compo-
+     nent of other vvii  commands,  in  which  case  any  text
+     copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+
+     It  is  not  an error to execute the __ command when the
+     cursor is on the first character in the line.
+
+     Line:    The current line plus ccoouunntt -- 11.
+     Column:  The first nonblank character in the line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] aa
+     Enter input mode, appending the text after the  cursor.
+     If  ccoouunntt  is  specified,  the text input is repeatedly
+     input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] bb
+     Move backward ccoouunntt words.  Move the cursor backward to
+     the beginning of a  word  by  repeating  the  following
+     algorithm:  if the current position is at the beginning
+     of a word, move to the first character of the preceding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--3388                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     word.   Otherwise,  the  current  position moves to the
+     first character of the word at  the  current  position.
+     If  no  preceding word exists on the current line, move
+     to the first character of the last word  on  the  first
+     preceding line that contains a word.
+
+     The  bb  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line containing the word selected.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  character  of  the   word
+              selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] cc mmoottiioonn
+     Change a region of text.  If only part of a single line
+     is affected, then the last character being  changed  is
+     marked  with  a  "$$".  Otherwise, the region of text is
+     deleted, and input mode is entered.
+
+     If ccoouunntt is specified, it is applied to the mmoottiioonn.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] dd mmoottiioonn
+     Delete  a region of text.  If ccoouunntt is specified, it is
+     applied to the mmoottiioonn.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line where the region starts.
+     Column:  Set to the first character in the  line  after
+              the  last character in the region.  If no such
+              character exists, set to  the  last  character
+              before the region.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ee
+     Move  forward ccoouunntt end-of-words.  Move the cursor for-
+     ward to the end of a word by  repeating  the  following
+     algorithm:  if  the  current  position  is the end of a
+     word, move to the last character of the following word.
+     Otherwise,  move  to  the last character of the word at
+     the current position.  If no succeeding word exists  on
+     the  current  line,  move  to the last character of the
+     first word on the next following line that  contains  a
+     word.
+
+     The  ee  command  may be used as the motion component of
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--3399
+
+
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line containing the word selected.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  last  character  of   the   word
+              selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ff <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Search  forward,  ccoouunntt  times, through the rest of the
+     current line for <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.
+
+     The ff command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the searched-for character.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ii
+     Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+     If  ccoouunntt  is  specified,  the text input is repeatedly
+     input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+mm <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Save  the current context (line and column) as <<cchhaarraacc--
+     tteerr>>.  The exact position is referred to by  "``<<cchhaarraacc--
+     tteerr>>".  The line is referred to by "''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>".
+
+     Historically,  <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> was restricted to lower-case
+     letters only, nnvvii permits the use of any character.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] oo
+     Enter input mode, appending text in a  new  line  under
+     the  current  line.   If  ccoouunntt  is specified, the text
+     input is repeatedly input ccoouunntt -- 11 more times.
+
+     Historically, any ccoouunntt specified to the oo command  was
+     ignored.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--4400                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  last  line upon which characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected by the aallttwweerraassee,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,  bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,   sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and  wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] pp
+     Append text from a buffer.  Text from the  buffer  (the
+     unnamed  buffer  by default) is appended after the cur-
+     rent column or, if the buffer is line  oriented,  after
+     the current line.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the first line appended, if the buffer
+              is line oriented, otherwise unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  of  the
+              appended  text if the buffer is line oriented,
+              otherwise, the last character of the  appended
+              text.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] rr <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Replace  characters.   The next ccoouunntt characters in the
+     line are replaced with <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.  Replacing  charac-
+     ters with <<nneewwlliinnee>> characters results in creating new,
+     empty lines into the file.
+
+     If <<cchhaarraacctteerr>> is <<eessccaappee>>, the command is cancelled.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged unless the replacement character  is
+              a  <<nneewwlliinnee>>,  in  which case it is set to the
+              current line plus ccoouunntt -- 11.
+     Column:  Set to the last character replaced, unless the
+              replacement character is a <<nneewwlliinnee>>, in which
+              case the cursor is in column  1  of  the  last
+              line inserted.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] ss
+     Substitute  ccoouunntt characters in the current line start-
+     ing with the current character.
+
+     Line:    Set to the last  line  upon  which  characters
+              were entered.
+     Column:  Set to the last character entered.
+     Options: Affected  by  the aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt, bbeeaauu--
+              ttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh,  ttttyywweerraassee  and   wwrraappmmaarrggiinn
+              options.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] tt <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     Search  forward,  ccoouunntt times, through the current line
+     for the character immediately _b_e_f_o_r_e <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--4411
+
+
+     The tt command may be used as the  motion  component  of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set to the character _b_e_f_o_r_e  the  searched-for
+              character.
+     Options: None.
+
+uu
+     Undo  the  last  change made to the file.  If repeated,
+     the uu command alternates between these two states,  and
+     is  its  own  inverse.   When used after an insert that
+     inserted text on more than  one  line,  the  lines  are
+     saved in the numeric buffers.
+
+     The  ..  command, when used immediately after the uu com-
+     mand, causes the change log to  be  rolled  forward  or
+     backward, depending on the action of the uu command.
+
+     Line:    Set to the position of the first line changed,
+              if the reversal affects only one line or  rep-
+              resents  an addition or change; otherwise, the
+              line preceding the deleted text.
+     Column:  Set to the cursor position before  the  change
+              was made.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ww
+     Move  forward  ccoouunntt words.  Move the cursor forward to
+     the beginning of a  word  by  repeating  the  following
+     algorithm:  if the current position is at the beginning
+     of a word, move to the  first  character  of  the  next
+     word.   If  no  subsequent  word  exists on the current
+     line, move to the first character of the first word  on
+     the first following line that contains a word.
+
+     The  ww  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer is character oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to the line containing the word selected.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  character  of  the   word
+              selected.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] xx
+     Delete  ccoouunntt  characters.  The deletion is at the cur-
+     rent character position.  If the number  of  characters
+     to be deleted is greater than or equal to the number of
+     characters to the end of the line, all of  the  charac-
+     ters from the current cursor position to the end of the
+     line are deleted.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--4422                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Unchanged unless the  last  character  in  the
+              line  is deleted and the cursor is not already
+              on the first character in the line,  in  which
+              case it is set to the previous character.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] yy mmoottiioonn
+     Copy  (or  "yank") a text region specified by the ccoouunntt
+     and motion into a buffer.  If ccoouunntt is specified, it is
+     applied to the mmoottiioonn.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged,  unless the region covers more than
+              a single line, in which case it is set to  the
+              line where the region starts.
+     Column:  Unchanged,  unless the region covers more than
+              a single line, in which case it is set to  the
+              character were the region starts.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt11]] zz [[ccoouunntt22]] ttyyppee
+     Redraw the screen with a window ccoouunntt22 lines long, with
+     line ccoouunntt11 placed as specified by the ttyyppee  character.
+     If  ccoouunntt11 is not specified, it defaults to the current
+     line.  If ccoouunntt22 is not specified, it defaults  to  the
+     current window size.
+
+     The following ttyyppee characters may be used:
+
+     +        If  ccoouunntt11 is specified, place the line ccoouunntt11
+              at the top of the screen.  Otherwise,  display
+              the screen after the current screen, similarly
+              to the <<ccoonnttrrooll--FF>> command.
+     <carriage-return>
+              Place the  line  ccoouunntt11  at  the  top  of  the
+              screen.
+     .        Place  the  line  ccoouunntt11  in the center of the
+              screen.
+     -        Place the line ccoouunntt11 at  the  bottom  of  the
+              screen.
+     ^        If ccoouunntt11 is specified, place the line that is
+              at the top of the screen when ccoouunntt11 is at the
+              bottom  of  the  screen,  at the bottom of the
+              screen, i.e. display  the  screen  before  the
+              screen  before ccoouunntt11.  Otherwise, display the
+              screen before the current screen, similarly to
+              the <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>> command.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  ccoouunntt11 unless ccoouunntt11 is not specified
+              and the ttyyppee character was either "^^" or  "++",
+              in which case it is set to the line before the
+              first line on the previous screen or the  line
+              after  the  last  line on the previous screen,
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--4433
+
+
+              respectively.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] {{
+     Move backward ccoouunntt paragraphs.
+
+     The  {{  command is an absolute movement.  The {{ command
+     may be used as the motion component of  other  vvii  com-
+     mands,  in  which case any text copied into a buffer is
+     character oriented, unless the  starting  character  is
+     the  first  character  on its line, in which case it is
+     line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set to the line containing  the  beginning  of
+              the previous paragraph.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  first  nonblank character in the
+              line.
+     Options: Affected by the ppaarraaggrraapphh option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ||
+     Move to a specific _c_o_l_u_m_n position on the current line.
+
+     The  ||  command  may be used as the motion component of
+     other vvii commands, in which case any text copied into a
+     buffer  is  character  oriented.  It is an error to use
+     the || command as a motion component and for the  cursor
+     not to move.
+
+     Line:    Unchanged.
+     Column:  Set  to  the  character  occupying  the column
+              position identified by ccoouunntt, if the  position
+              exists  in  the line.  If the column length of
+              the current line is less than ccoouunntt, the  cur-
+              sor  is  moved  to  the  last character in the
+              line.
+     Options: None.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] }}
+     Move forward ccoouunntt paragraphs.
+
+     The }} command is an absolute movement.  The  }}  command
+     may  be  used  as the motion component of other vvii com-
+     mands, in which case any text copied into a  buffer  is
+     character oriented, unless the starting character is at
+     or before any nonblank characters in its line, in which
+     case it is line oriented.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  line containing the beginning of
+              the next paragraph.
+     Column:  Set to the first  nonblank  character  in  the
+              line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--4444                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     Options: Affected by the ppaarraaggrraapphh option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ~~
+     Reverse  the case of the next ccoouunntt character(s).  This
+     is the historic semantic for the ~~ command  and  it  is
+     only in effect if the ttiillddeeoopp option is not set.
+
+     Lowercase  alphabetic  characters are changed to upper-
+     case, and uppercase characters are  changed  to  lower-
+     case.  No other characters are affected.
+
+     Historically,  the ~~ command did not take an associated
+     count, nor did it move past  the  end  of  the  current
+     line.   As it had no associated motion it was difficult
+     to change the case of large blocks of text.  In nnvvii, if
+     the  cursor  is  on  the  last character of a line, and
+     there are more lines in the file, the cursor  moves  to
+     the next line.
+
+     It  is  not an error to specify a count larger than the
+     number of characters between the cursor and the end  of
+     the file.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the line of the character after ccoouunntt
+              characters, or, end of file.
+     Column:  Set to the character after  ccoouunntt  characters,
+              or, end-of-file.
+     Options: Affected by the ttiillddeeoopp option.
+
+[[ccoouunntt]] ~~ mmoottiioonn
+     Reverse  the  case  of  the characters in a text region
+     specified by the ccoouunntt and mmoottiioonn.  Only in  effect  if
+     the ttiillddeeoopp option is set.
+
+     Lowercase  characters  are  changed  to  uppercase, and
+     uppercase characters  are  changed  to  lowercase.   No
+     other characters are affected.
+
+     Line:    Set  to  the  line  of the character after the
+              last character in the region.
+     Column:  Set to the character after the last  character
+              in the region.
+     Options: Affected by the ttiillddeeoopp option.
+
+<<iinntteerrrruupptt>>
+     Interrupt  the  current  operation.  Many of the poten-
+     tially long-running  vvii  commands  may  be  interrupted
+     using  the  terminal interrupt character.  These opera-
+     tions include searches, file reading and writing,  fil-
+     ter operations and map character expansion.  Interrupts
+     are also enabled when running commands outside of vvii.
+
+     If the <<iinntteerrrruupptt>> character is used to interrupt while
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--4455
+
+
+     entering  an  eexx  command,  the command is aborted, the
+     cursor returns to its previous position, and vvii remains
+     in command mode.
+
+     Generally,  if  the  <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>  character  is used to
+     interrupt any operation, any changes  made  before  the
+     interrupt are left in place.
+
+     Line:    Dependent  on the operation being interrupted.
+     Column:  Dependent on the operation being  interrupted.
+     Options: None.
+
+     1111..  VVii TTeexxtt IInnppuutt CCoommmmaannddss
+
+          The   following  section  describes  the  commands
+     available in the text input mode of the vvii editor.
+
+          Historically, vvii  implementations  only  permitted
+     the  characters  inserted  on  the  current  line to be
+     erased.  In addition, only the <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> erase  char-
+     acter  and  the "00<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>" and "^^<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>" erase
+     strings could erase autoindent characters.  This imple-
+     mentation  permits  erasure to continue past the begin-
+     ning of the current line, and back to where text  input
+     mode  was  entered.  In addition, autoindent characters
+     may be erased using the standard erase characters.  For
+     the  line  and  word  erase  characters,  reaching  the
+     autoindent characters forms a "soft" boundary, denoting
+     the  end  of the current word or line erase.  Repeating
+     the word or line erase key will  erase  the  autoindent
+     characters.
+
+          Historically, vvii always used <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>> and <<ccoonn--
+     ttrrooll--WW>> as character and word erase characters, respec-
+     tively,  regardless  of  the current terminal settings.
+     This implementation accepts, in addition to  these  two
+     characters,  the  current terminal characters for those
+     operations.
+
+     <<nnuull>>
+          If the first character of the input  is  a  <<nnuull>>,
+          the   previous  input  is  replayed,  as  if  just
+          entered.
+
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+          If the previous  character  on  the  line  was  an
+          autoindent character, erase it.  Otherwise, if the
+          user is entering the first character in the  line,
+          <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>  is  ignored.   Otherwise,  a  literal
+          <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> character is entered.
+
+     ^^<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+          If the previous  character  on  the  line  was  an
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--4466                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          autoindent  character, erase all of the autoindent
+          characters on the line.  In addition, the  autoin-
+          dent level is reset to 0.
+
+     00<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>
+          If  the  previous  character  on  the  line was an
+          autoindent character, erase all of the  autoindent
+          characters on the line.
+
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+          Insert  sufficient <<ttaabb>> and <<ssppaaccee>> characters to
+          move the cursor forward to  a  column  immediately
+          after the next column which is an even multiple of
+          the sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option.
+
+          Historically, vvii did not  permit  the  <<ccoonnttrrooll--TT>>
+          command  to  be  used unless the cursor was at the
+          first column of a new line or it was preceded only
+          by  autoindent  characters.   NNvvii permits it to be
+          used at any time during insert mode.
+
+     <<eerraassee>>
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--HH>>
+          Erase the last character.
+
+     <<lliitteerraall nneexxtt>>
+          Quote the next character.  The next character will
+          not be mapped (see the mmaapp command for more infor-
+          mation) or interpreted specially.  A  carat  ("^^")
+          character  will  be  displayed  immediately  as  a
+          placeholder, but will  be  replaced  by  the  next
+          character.
+
+     <<eessccaappee>>
+          Resolve  all  text input into the file, and return
+          to command mode.
+
+     <<lliinnee eerraassee>>
+          Erase the current line.
+
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--WW>>
+     <<wwoorrdd eerraassee>>
+          Erase the last word.  The definition  of  word  is
+          dependent  on the aallttwweerraassee and ttttyywweerraassee options.
+
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--XX>>[[00--99AA--FFaa--ff]]**
+          Insert a character with the specified  hexadecimal
+          value into the text.
+
+     <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>
+          Interrupt  text  input  mode, returning to command
+          mode.  If the <<iinntteerrrruupptt>>  character  is  used  to
+          interrupt  inserting  text into the file, it is as
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((VVii CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--4477
+
+
+          if the <<eessccaappee>> character was used; all text input
+          up  to the interruption is resolved into the file.
+
+     1122..  EExx AAddddrreessssiinngg
+
+          Addressing in eexx (and when eexx  commands  are  exe-
+     cuted  from  vvii)  relates to the current line.  In gen-
+     eral, the current line is the last line affected  by  a
+     command.   The exact effect on the current line is dis-
+     cussed under the description of each command.  When the
+     file contains no lines, the current line is zero.
+
+          Addresses  are  constructed  by one or more of the
+     following methods:
+
+      (1)   The address ".."  refers to the current line.
+
+      (2)   The address "$$" refers to the last line  of  the
+            file.
+
+      (3)   The  address  "NN", where NN is a positive number,
+            refers to the N-th line of the file.
+
+      (4)   The  address  "''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>"  or  "``<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>"
+            refers to the line marked with the name <<cchhaarraacc--
+            tteerr>>.  (See the kk or mm commands for more  infor-
+            mation on how to mark lines.)
+
+      (5)   A  regular  expression  (RE) enclosed by slashes
+            ("//") is an address, and it refers to the  first
+            line  found  by  searching forward from the line
+            _a_f_t_e_r the current line toward  the  end  of  the
+            file,  and stopping at the first line containing
+            a string matching the RE.  (The  trailing  slash
+            can  be omitted at the end of the command line.)
+
+            If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is "////",
+            the  last  RE used in any command is used in the
+            search.
+
+            If the eexxtteennddeedd option is set, the RE is handled
+            as an extended RE, not a basic RE.  If the wwrraapp--
+            ssccaann option is set, the search wraps  around  to
+            the  beginning  of  the file and continues up to
+            and including the  current  line,  so  that  the
+            entire file is searched.
+
+            The  form "\\//" is accepted for historic reasons,
+            and is identical to "////".
+
+      (6)   An  RE  enclosed   in   question   marks   ("??")
+            addresses  the  first  line  found  by searching
+            backward from the  line  _p_r_e_c_e_d_i_n_g  the  current
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--4488                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+            line, toward the beginning of the file and stop-
+            ping at  the  first  line  containing  a  string
+            matching  the  RE.   (The trailing question mark
+            can be omitted at the end of a command line.)
+
+            If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is "????",
+            the  last  RE used in any command is used in the
+            search.
+
+            If the eexxtteennddeedd option is set, the RE is handled
+            as an extended RE, not a basic RE.  If the wwrraapp--
+            ssccaann option is set,  the  search   wraps  around
+            from the beginning of the file to the end of the
+            file and continues up to and including the  cur-
+            rent  line, so that the entire file is searched.
+
+            The form "\\??"  is accepted for historic reasons,
+            and is identical to "????".
+
+      (7)   An  address  followed  by a plus sign ("++") or a
+            minus sign ("--") followed by a number is an off-
+            set  address  and refers to the address plus (or
+            minus) the indicated number of  lines.   If  the
+            address  is omitted, the addition or subtraction
+            is done with respect to the current line.
+
+      (8)   An address of "++" or "--" followed by a number is
+            an  offset  from the current line.  For example,
+            "--55" is the same as "..--55".
+
+      (9)   An address ending with "++" or "--" has 1 added to
+            or  subtracted  from  the address, respectively.
+            As a consequence of this rule and of the  previ-
+            ous  rule,  the  address  "--" refers to the line
+            preceding the current line.  Moreover,  trailing
+            "++" and "--" characters have a cumulative effect.
+            For example, "++++--++++" refers to the current  line
+            plus 3.
+
+      (10)  A  percent  sign  ("%%")  is  equivalent  to  the
+            address range "11,,$$".
+
+          EExx commands require zero, one, or  two  addresses.
+     It is an error to specify an address to a command which
+     requires zero addresses.
+
+          If the user provides more than the expected number
+     of  addresses  to  any  eexx command, the first addresses
+     specified are discarded.  For  example,  "11,,22,,33,,55"print
+     prints  lines  3  through  5, because the pprriinntt command
+     only takes two addresses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--4499
+
+
+          The addresses in a range are separated  from  each
+     other  by  a  comma (",,") or a semicolon (";;").  In the
+     latter case, the current line  ("..")   is  set  to  the
+     first address, and only then is the second address cal-
+     culated.  This feature can be  used  to  determine  the
+     starting  line  for  forward and backward searches (see
+     rules (5) and (6) above).  The second  address  of  any
+     two-address  sequence  corresponds  to a line that fol-
+     lows, in the file, the line corresponding to the  first
+     address.   The first address must be less than or equal
+     to the second  address.   The  first  address  must  be
+     greater  than  or  equal to the first line of the file,
+     and the last address must be less than or equal to  the
+     last line of the file.
+
+     1133..  EExx DDeessccrriippttiioonn
+
+          The  following  words have special meanings for eexx
+     commands.
+
+     <<eeooff>>
+          The end-of-file character is used  to  scroll  the
+          screen  in  the eexx editor.  This character is nor-
+          mally <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>, however, whatever character  is
+          set for the current terminal is used.
+
+     lliinnee
+          A  single-line  address, given in any of the forms
+          described in the section entitled "EExx AAddddrreessssiinngg".
+          The default for lliinnee is the current line.
+
+     rraannggee
+          A  line, or a pair of line addresses, separated by
+          a comma or semicolon.  (See the  section  entitled
+          "EExx   AAddddrreessssiinngg"   for  more  information.)   The
+          default for range is the current line  _o_n_l_y,  i.e.
+          "..,,..".   A percent sign ("%%") stands for the range
+          "11,,$$".  The starting address must be less than, or
+          equal to, the ending address.
+
+     ccoouunntt
+          A positive integer, specifying the number of lines
+          to be affected by the command; the default  is  1.
+          Generally,  a  count  past  the end-of-file may be
+          specified, e.g. the command "pp 33000000" in a 10  line
+          file  is  acceptable, and will print from the cur-
+          rent line through the last line in the file.
+
+     ffllaaggss
+          One or more of the characters "#", "p",  and  "l".
+          When a command that accepts these flags completes,
+          the addressed line(s) are written out as if by the
+          corresponding  ##,  ll  or pp commands.  In addition,
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--5500                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          any number of "++" or "--" characters can be  speci-
+          fied  before, after, or during the flags, in which
+          case the line written is not necessarily  the  one
+          affected  by  the  command,  but  rather  the line
+          addressed by the offset  address  specified.   The
+          default for ffllaaggss is none.
+
+     ffiillee
+          A  pattern  used to derive a pathname; the default
+          is the current file.  File names are subjected  to
+          normal _s_h(1) word expansions.
+
+          Anywhere a file name is specified, it is also pos-
+     sible to use the special string "//ttmmpp".  This  will  be
+     replaced  with  a temporary file name which can be used
+     for temporary work, e.g.  "::ee //ttmmpp" creates and edits a
+     new file.
+
+          If both a count and a range are specified for com-
+     mands that use either, the starting line for  the  com-
+     mand  is  the  _l_a_s_t  line  addressed  by the range, and
+     ccoouunntt- subsequent lines are affected  by  the  command,
+     e.g.  the  command "22,,33pp44" prints out lines 3, 4, 5 and
+     6.
+
+          When only a line or range is  specified,  with  no
+     command,  the  implied command is either a lliisstt, nnuummbbeerr
+     or pprriinntt command.  The command used is the most  recent
+     of  the three commands to have been used (including any
+     use as a flag).  If none of these  commands  have  been
+     used  before, the pprriinntt command is the implied command.
+     When no range or count is  specified  and  the  command
+     line  is  a blank line, the current line is incremented
+     by 1 and then the current line is displayed.
+
+          Zero or more whitespace characters may precede  or
+     follow  the  addresses,  count, flags, or command name.
+     Any object following a command name  (such  as  buffer,
+     file,  etc.), that begins with an alphabetic character,
+     should be separated from the command name by  at  least
+     one whitespace character.
+
+          Any  character,  including  <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>, "%%"
+     and "##" retain their literal value when preceded  by  a
+     backslash.
+
+     1144..  EExx CCoommmmaannddss
+
+          The   following  section  describes  the  commands
+     available in the eexx editor.  In each entry  below,  the
+     tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--5511
+
+
+          Each  command  can  be entered as the abbreviation
+     (those characters in the synopsis command word  preced-
+     ing  the  "[" character), the full command (all charac-
+     ters shown for the command word, omitting the  "["  and
+     "]" characters), or any leading subset of the full com-
+     mand down to the abbreviation.  For example,  the  args
+     command  (shown  as  "aarr[[ggss]]"  in  the synopsis) can be
+     entered as "aarr", "aarrgg" or "aarrggss".
+
+          Each eexx command described below notes the new cur-
+     rent  line after it is executed, as well as any options
+     that affect the command.
+
+     ""
+          A comment.  Command lines beginning with the  dou-
+          ble-quote  character ("""") are ignored.  This per-
+          mits comments in editor scripts and startup files.
+
+     <<eenndd--ooff--ffiillee>>
+          Scroll  the screen.  Write the next N lines, where
+          N is the value of the ssccrroollll option.  The  command
+          is  the  end-of-file terminal character, which may
+          be different on different  terminals.   Tradition-
+          ally, it is the <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> key.
+
+          Historically,  the eeooff command ignored any preced-
+          ing count, and  the  <<eenndd--ooff--ffiillee>>  character  was
+          ignored unless it was entered as the first charac-
+          ter of the command.  This implementation treats it
+          as  a command _o_n_l_y if entered as the first charac-
+          ter of the command line, and otherwise  treats  it
+          as any other character.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line written.
+          Options: None.
+
+     !! aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+     [[rraannggee]]!! aarrgguummeenntt((ss))
+          Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a
+          shell command.  In the first synopsis, the remain-
+          der of the line after the "!!"  character is passed
+          to the program named by the  sshheellll  option,  as  a
+          single argument.
+
+          Within  the  rest  of  the  line,  "%%" and "##" are
+          expanded into the current and alternate pathnames,
+          respectively.  The character "!!"  is expanded with
+          the command  text  of  the  previous  !!   command.
+          (Therefore, the command !!!!  repeats the previous !!
+          command.)  The special meanings of "%%",  "##",  and
+          "!!"   can  be  overridden  by escaping them with a
+          backslash.  If no !!  or ::!!  command has  yet  been
+          executed,  it  is an error to use an unescaped "!!"
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--5522                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          character.  The  !!   command  does  _n_o_t  do  shell
+          expansion  on  the  strings provided as arguments.
+          If any of the above expansions change the  command
+          the  user  entered,  the command is redisplayed at
+          the bottom of the screen.
+
+          EExx then executes the program named  by  the  sshheellll
+          option,  with  a --cc flag followed by the arguments
+          (which are bundled into a single argument).
+
+          The !!  command is permitted in an empty file.
+
+          If the file has been modified since  it  was  last
+          completely written, the command will warn you.
+
+          A single "!!"  character is displayed when the com-
+          mand completes.
+
+          In the second form of the !!  command, the  remain-
+          der  of  the  line after the "!!"  is passed to the
+          program named by the sshheellll  option,  as  described
+          above.  The specified lines are passed to the pro-
+          gram as standard input, and the standard and stan-
+          dard error output of the program replace the orig-
+          inal lines.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged if no range was specified, oth-
+                   erwise  set  to  the  first  line  of the
+                   range.
+          Options: Affected by the  aauuttoowwrriittee  and  wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] nnuu[[mmbbeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ## [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Display the selected lines, each preceded with its
+          line number.
+
+          The line number format is "%6d", followed  by  two
+          spaces.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line displayed.
+          Options: None.
+
+     @@ bbuuffffeerr
+     ** bbuuffffeerr
+          Execute  a  buffer.  Each line in the named buffer
+          is executed as an eexx command.   If  no  buffer  is
+          specified,  or  if  the specified buffer is "@@" or
+          "**", the last buffer executed is used.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] <<[[<< ......]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Shift lines left or right.   The  specified  lines
+          are  shifted  to  the  left (for the << command) or
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--5533
+
+
+          right (for  the  >>  command),  by  the  number  of
+          columns  specified by the sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option.  Only
+          leading whitespace  characters  are  deleted  when
+          shifting  left;  once the first column of the line
+          contains a nonblank character, the  sshhiifftt  command
+          will succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+
+          If  the  command character << or >> is repeated more
+          than once, the command is repeated once  for  each
+          additional command character.
+
+          Line:    If  the current line is set to one of the
+                   lines that are affected by  the  command,
+                   it is unchanged.  Otherwise, it is set to
+                   the first nonblank character of the  low-
+                   est numbered line shifted.
+          Options: Affected by the sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] == [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Display  the line number.  Display the line number
+          of lliinnee (which defaults to the last  line  in  the
+          file).
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] >>[[>> ......]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Shift  right.   The specified lines are shifted to
+          the right by the number of  columns  specified  by
+          the  sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh option, by inserting tab and space
+          characters.  Empty lines are not changed.
+
+          If the command character ">>" is repeated more than
+          once,  the command is repeated once for each addi-
+          tional command character.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line modified by the com-
+                   mand.
+          Options: None.
+
+     aabb[[bbrreevv]] llhhss rrhhss
+          Add  an  abbreviation  to the current abbreviation
+          list.  In vvii, if llhhss is entered such  that  it  is
+          preceded and followed by characters that cannot be
+          part of a word, it is replaced by the string  rrhhss.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] aa[[ppppeenndd]][[!!]]
+          The  input text is appended to the specified line.
+          If line 0 is specified, the text  is  inserted  at
+          the  beginning  of the file.  Set to the last line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--5544                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          input.  If no lines are input, then set  to  lliinnee,
+          or  to  the  first line of the file if a lliinnee of 0
+          was specified.  Following the command name with  a
+          "!!"   character causes the aauuttooiinnddeenntt option to be
+          toggled for the duration of the command.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: Affected by  the  aallttwweerraassee,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,
+                   bbeeaauuttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh, ttttyywweerraassee and wwrraapp--
+                   mmaarrggiinn options.
+
+     aarr[[ggss]]
+          Display the argument list.  The  current  argument
+          is  displayed  inside  of  "[[" and "]]" characters.
+          The argument list is the list of  operands  speci-
+          fied  on  startup, which can be replaced using the
+          nneexxtt command.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     bbgg
+          VVii mode only.  Background the current screen.
+
+          Line:    Set to the current line when  the  screen
+                   was last edited.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] cc[[hhaannggee]][[!!]] [[ccoouunntt]]
+          Replace  the lines with input text.  Following the
+          command name with  a  "!!"   character  causes  the
+          aauuttooiinnddeenntt  option  to be toggled for the duration
+          of the command.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line  input,  or,  if  no
+                   lines  were input, set to the line before
+                   the target line, or to the first line  of
+                   the  file if there are no lines preceding
+                   the target line.
+          Options: Affected by  the  aallttwweerraassee,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,
+                   bbeeaauuttiiffyy,  sshhoowwmmaattcchh, ttttyywweerraassee and wwrraapp--
+                   mmaarrggiinn options.
+
+     cchhdd[[iirr]][[!!]] [[ddiirreeccttoorryy]]
+     ccdd[[!!]] [[ddiirreeccttoorryy]]
+          Change the current working directory.  The  ddiirreecc--
+          ttoorryy  argument  is  subjected to _s_h(1) word expan-
+          sions.  When invoked with  no  directory  argument
+          and  the  HHOOMMEE  environment  variable  is set, the
+          directory named by the HHOOMMEE  environment  variable
+          becomes the new current directory.  Otherwise, the
+          new  current  directory  becomes   the   directory
+          returned by the _g_e_t_p_w_e_n_t(3) routine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--5555
+
+
+          The  cchhddiirr  command will fail if the file has been
+          modified since the  last  complete  write  of  the
+          file.   You can override this check by appending a
+          "!!"  character to the command.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: Affected by the ccddppaatthh option.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] ccoo[[ppyy]] lliinnee [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] tt lliinnee [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Copy the specified lines (range) after the  desti-
+          nation  line.   Line  0 may be specified to insert
+          the lines at the beginning of the file.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] dd[[eelleettee]] [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Delete the lines from the file.  The deleted  text
+          is saved in the specified buffer, or, if no buffer
+          is specified, in the unnamed buffer.  If the  com-
+          mand  name  is  followed by a letter that could be
+          interpreted as either a  buffer  name  or  a  flag
+          value  (because  neither  a  ccoouunntt or ffllaaggss values
+          were given), eexx treats the letter as a ffllaaggss value
+          if  the  letter  immediately  follows  the command
+          name, without any whitespace separation.   If  the
+          letter  is  preceded  by whitespace characters, it
+          treats it as a buffer name.
+
+          Line:    Set to the  line  following  the  deleted
+                   lines, or to the last line if the deleted
+                   lines were at the end.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ddii[[ssppllaayy]] bb[[uuffffeerrss]] || ss[[ccrreeeennss]] || tt[[aaggss]]
+          Display buffers, screens  or  tags.   The  ddiissppllaayy
+          command  takes  one of three additional arguments,
+          which are as follows:
+
+          b[uffers]
+                   Display  all  buffers  (including  named,
+                   unnamed,  and numeric) that contain text.
+          s[creens]
+                   Display the file names of all  background
+                   screens.
+          t[ags]   Display the tags stack.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ee[[ddiitt]][[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--5566                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     eexx[[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+          Edit  a different file.  If the current buffer has
+          been modified since the last complete  write,  the
+          command  will  fail.   You  can  override  this by
+          appending a "!!"  character to the command name.
+
+          If the "++ccmmdd" option is specified, that eexx command
+          will  be executed in the new file.  Any eexx command
+          may be used, although the most common use of  this
+          feature is to specify a line number or search pat-
+          tern to set the initial location in the new  file.
+
+          Line:    If  you  have previously edited the file,
+                   the current line will be set to your last
+                   position  in  the file.  If that position
+                   does not exist, or you  have  not  previ-
+                   ously  edited  the file, the current line
+                   will be set to the first line of the file
+                   if  you are in vvii mode, and the last line
+                   of the file if you are in eexx.
+          Options: Affected by the  aauuttoowwrriittee  and  wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     eexxuu[[ssaaggee]] [[ccoommmmaanndd]]
+          Display  usage  for  an eexx command.  If ccoommmmaanndd is
+          specified, a usage statement for that  command  is
+          displayed.  Otherwise, usage statements for all eexx
+          commands are displayed.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ff[[iillee]] [[ffiillee]]
+          Display and optionally change the file name.  If a
+          file  name  is  specified, the current pathname is
+          changed to the specified name.  The current  path-
+          name,  the  number of lines, and the current posi-
+          tion in the file are displayed.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ffgg [[nnaammee]]
+          VVii mode only.  Foreground  the  specified  screen.
+          Swap  the  current screen with the specified back-
+          grounded screen.  If no screen is  specified,  the
+          first background screen is foregrounded.
+
+          Line:    Set  to  the current line when the screen
+                   was last edited.
+          Options: None.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--5577
+
+
+     [[rraannggee]] gg[[lloobbaall]] //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ccoommmmaannddss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] vv //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ccoommmmaannddss]]
+          Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching)
+          a  pattern.  The lines within the given range that
+          match ("gg[[lloobbaall]]"), or  do  not  match  ("vv")  the
+          given  pattern  are selected.  Then, the specified
+          eexx command(s) are executed with the  current  line
+          ("..")   set to each selected line.  If no range is
+          specified, the entire file is searched for  match-
+          ing, or not matching, lines.
+
+          Multiple  commands can be specified, one per line,
+          by escaping each <<nneewwlliinnee>> character with a  back-
+          slash,  or by separating commands with a "||" char-
+          acter.  If no commands are specified, the  command
+          defaults to the pprriinntt command.
+
+          For  the  aappppeenndd,  cchhaannggee and iinnsseerrtt commands, the
+          input text must be  part  of  the  global  command
+          line.  In this case, the terminating period can be
+          omitted if it ends the commands.
+
+          The vviissuuaall command may also be specified as one of
+          the  eexx  commands.   In  this mode, input is taken
+          from the terminal.  Entering a  QQ  command  in  vvii
+          mode  causes the next line matching the pattern to
+          be selected and vvii to be reentered, until the list
+          is exhausted.
+
+          The  gglloobbaall, vv and uunnddoo commands cannot be used as
+          part of these commands.
+
+          The  editor  options  aauuttoopprriinntt,  aauuttooiinnddeenntt,  and
+          rreeppoorrtt  are  turned  off  for  the duration of the
+          gglloobbaall and vv commands.
+
+          Line:    The last line modified.
+          Options: None.
+
+     hhee[[llpp]]
+          Display a help message.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] ii[[nnsseerrtt]][[!!]]
+          The input text is inserted  before  the  specified
+          line.   Following  the  command  name  with  a "!!"
+          character causes the aauuttooiinnddeenntt option setting  to
+          be toggled for the duration of this command.
+
+          Line:    Set  to  the last line input; if no lines
+                   were input, set to the  line  before  the
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--5588                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+                   target  line, or to the first line of the
+                   file if there are no lines preceding  the
+                   target line.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  aallttwweerraassee, aauuttooiinnddeenntt,
+                   bbeeaauuttiiffyy, sshhoowwmmaattcchh, ttttyywweerraassee and  wwrraapp--
+                   mmaarrggiinn options.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] jj[[ooiinn]][[!!]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Join lines of text together.
+
+          A  ccoouunntt  specified  to the command specifies that
+          the last line of the rraannggee plus  ccoouunntt  subsequent
+          lines  will be joined.  (Note, this differs by one
+          from the general rule where only ccoouunntt- subsequent
+          lines are affected.)
+
+          If the current line ends with a whitespace charac-
+          ter, all whitespace  is  stripped  from  the  next
+          line.   Otherwise,  if the next line starts with a
+          open parenthesis ("(("), do nothing.  Otherwise, if
+          the  current line ends with a question mark ("??"),
+          period ("..")  or exclamation point  ("!!"),  insert
+          two spaces.  Otherwise, insert a single space.
+
+          Appending  a  "!!"   character  to the command name
+          causes a simpler join with no white-space process-
+          ing.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] ll[[iisstt]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Display  the  lines  unambiguously.  Tabs are dis-
+          played as "^^II", and the end of the line is  marked
+          with a "$$" character.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line displayed.
+          Options: None.
+
+     mmaapp[[!!]] [[llhhss rrhhss]]
+          Define or display maps (for vvii only).
+
+          If  "llhhss" and "rrhhss" are not specified, the current
+          set of command mode maps are displayed.  If a  "!!"
+          character  is appended to to the command, the text
+          input mode maps are displayed.
+
+          Otherwise, when the "llhhss"  character  sequence  is
+          entered in vvii, the action is as if the correspond-
+          ing "rrhhss" had been entered.  If a  "!!"   character
+          is  appended  to  the command name, the mapping is
+          effective during text input mode, otherwise, it is
+          effective  during command mode.  This allows "llhhss"
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--5599
+
+
+          to have two different  macro  definitions  at  the
+          same  time: one for command mode and one for input
+          mode.
+
+          Whitespace  characters  require  escaping  with  a
+          <<lliitteerraallnext>  character  to be entered in the llhhss
+          string in visual mode.
+
+          Normally, keys in the rrhhss string are remapped (see
+          the  rreemmaapp  option),  and it is possible to create
+          infinite loops.  However, keys which map to  them-
+          selves are not further remapped, regardless of the
+          setting of the rreemmaapp  option.   For  example,  the
+          command  "::mmaapp  nn  nnzz.."  maps the "nn" key to the nn
+          and zz commands.
+
+          To exit an infinitely looping map, use the  termi-
+          nal <<iinntteerrrruupptt>> character.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] mmaa[[rrkk]] <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+     [[lliinnee]] kk <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>
+          Mark  the  line  with  the  mark <<cchhaarraacctteerr>>.  The
+          expressions "''<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>" and "``<<cchhaarraacctteerr>>"  can
+          then  be  used  as  an address in any command that
+          uses one.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] mm[[oovvee]] lliinnee
+          Move the specified lines after the target line.  A
+          target line of 0 places the lines at the beginning
+          of the file.
+
+          Line:    Set to the first of the moved lines.
+          Options: None.
+
+     mmkk[[eexxrrcc]][[!!]] ffiillee
+          Write the abbreviations, editor options  and  maps
+          to  the specified file.  Information is written in
+          a form which can later be read back in  using  the
+          eexx  ssoouurrccee  command.   If ffiillee already exists, the
+          mmkkeexxrrcc command will fail.  This check can be over-
+          ridden  by  appending a "!!"  character to the com-
+          mand.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--6600                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+     nn[[eexxtt]][[!!]] [[ffiillee ......]]
+          Edit the next file from the  argument  list.   The
+          nneexxtt  command will fail if the file has been modi-
+          fied since the last complete  write.   This  check
+          can  be overridden by appending the "!!"  character
+          to  the  command  name.   The  argument  list  can
+          optionally  be replaced by specifying a new one as
+          arguments to this command.  In this case,  editing
+          starts with the first file on the new list.
+
+          Line:    Set as described for the eeddiitt command.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  options  aauuttoowwrriittee and
+                   wwrriitteeaannyy.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] oo[[ppeenn]] //ppaatttteerrnn// [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Enter open mode.  Open mode is the same  as  being
+          in  vvii, but with a one-line window.  All the stan-
+          dard vvii commands are available.   If  a  match  is
+          found  for the optional RE argument, the cursor is
+          set to the start of the matching pattern.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged,  unless  the  optional  RE  is
+                   specified, in which case it is set to the
+                   line where the matching pattern is found.
+          Options: Affected by the ooppeenn option.
+
+     pprree[[sseerrvvee]]
+          Save  the  file in a form that can later be recov-
+          ered using the eexx --rr option.   When  the  file  is
+          preserved, an email message is sent to the user.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     pprreevv[[iioouuss]][[!!]]
+          Edit  the  previous  file  from the argument list.
+          The pprreevviioouuss command will fail  if  the  file  has
+          been modified since the last complete write.  This
+          check can  be  overridden  by  appending  the  "!!"
+          character to the command name.
+
+          Line:    Set as described for the eeddiitt command.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  options  aauuttoowwrriittee and
+                   wwrriitteeaannyy.  None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] pp[[rriinntt]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Display the specified lines.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line displayed.
+          Options: None.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--6611
+
+
+     [[lliinnee]] ppuu[[tt]] [[bbuuffffeerr]]
+          Append buffer contents to the current line.  If  a
+          buffer  is specified, its contents are appended to
+          the line, otherwise, the contents of  the  unnamed
+          buffer are used.
+
+          Line:    Set to the line after the current line.
+          Options: None.
+
+     qq[[uuiitt]][[!!]]
+          End  the  editing  session.   If the file has been
+          modified since the last complete write,  the  qquuiitt
+          command  will  fail.  This check may be overridden
+          by appending a "!!"  character to the command.
+
+          If there are more files to edit, the qquuiitt  command
+          will fail.  Appending a "!!"  character to the com-
+          mand name or entering two qquuiitt commands (i.e.  wwqq,
+          qquuiitt,  xxiitt  or  ZZZZ)  in  a row) will override this
+          check and the editor will exit.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] rr[[eeaadd]][[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+          Read a file.  A copy  of  the  specified  file  is
+          appended  to  the line.  If lliinnee is 0, the copy is
+          inserted at the beginning of the file.  If no file
+          is  specified,  the current file is read; if there
+          is no current file, then ffiillee becomes the  current
+          file.   If there is no current file and no ffiillee is
+          specified, then the rreeaadd command will fail.
+
+          If ffiillee is preceded by a "!!"  character,  ffiillee  is
+          treated  as if it were a shell command, and passed
+          to the program  named  by  the  SSHHEELLLL  environment
+          variable.  The standard and standard error outputs
+          of that command are read into the file  after  the
+          specified  line.   The  special meaning of the "!!"
+          character can be overridden by escaping it with  a
+          backslash ("\\") character.
+
+          Line:    When  executed  from eexx, the current line
+                   is set to the last line read.  When  exe-
+                   cuted from vvii, the current line is set to
+                   the first line read.
+          Options: None.
+
+     rreecc[[oovveerr]] ffiillee
+          Recover ffiillee if it was previously  saved.   If  no
+          saved  file  by that name exists, the rreeccoovveerr com-
+          mand behaves similarly to the eeddiitt command.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--6622                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          Line:    Set as described for the eeddiitt command.
+          Options: None.
+
+     rreess[[iizzee]] [[++||--]]ssiizzee
+          VVii mode only.  Grow or shrink the current  screen.
+          If  ssiizzee is a positive, signed number, the current
+          screen is grown by that many lines.  If ssiizzee is  a
+          negative,  signed  number,  the  current screen is
+          shrunk by that many lines.  If ssiizzee is not signed,
+          the  current  screen is set to the specified ssiizzee.
+          Applicable only to split screens.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     rreeww[[iinndd]][[!!]]
+          Rewind the argument list.  If the current file has
+          been  modified  since the last complete write, the
+          rreewwiinndd command will fail.  This check may be over-
+          ridden by appending the "!!"  character to the com-
+          mand.
+
+          Otherwise, the current file is set  to  the  first
+          file in the argument list.
+
+          Line:    Set as described for the eeddiitt command.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  aauuttoowwrriittee and wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     ssee[[tt]] [[ooppttiioonn[[==[[vvaalluuee]]]] ......]]  [[nnooooppttiioonn  ......]]  [[ooppttiioonn??
+          ......]] [[aallll]]
+          Display  or set editor options.  When no arguments
+          are specified, the editor  option  tteerrmm,  and  any
+          editor options whose values have been changed from
+          the default settings are displayed.  If the  argu-
+          ment aallll is specified, the values of all of editor
+          options are displayed.
+
+          Specifying an option name followed by the  charac-
+          ter  "??"   causes the current value of that option
+          to be displayed.  The "??"  can be  separated  from
+          the option name by whitespace characters.  The "??"
+          is necessary  only  for  Boolean  valued  options.
+          Boolean  options  can  be given values by the form
+          "sseett ooppttiioonn" to turn them on, or "sseett nnooooppttiioonn" to
+          turn  them off.  String and numeric options can be
+          assigned by  the  form  "sseett  ooppttiioonn==vvaalluuee".   Any
+          whitespace  characters  in strings can be included
+          literally by  preceding  each  with  a  backslash.
+          More  than  one  option  can be set or listed by a
+          single set command, by specifying  multiple  argu-
+          ments,  each separated from the next by whitespace
+          characters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--6633
+
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     sshh[[eellll]]
+          Run a shell program.  The  program  named  by  the
+          sshheellll  option  is  run with a --ii (for interactive)
+          flag.  Editing is resumed when that program exits.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ssoo[[uurrccee]] ffiillee
+          Read  and execute eexx commands from a file.  SSoouurrccee
+          commands may be nested.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     sspp[[lliitt]] [[ffiillee ......]]
+          VVii mode only.   Split  the  screen.   The  current
+          screen is split into two screens, of approximately
+          equal size.  If the cursor is in the lower half of
+          the screen, the screen will split up, i.e. the new
+          screen will be above the old one.  If  the  cursor
+          is in the upper half of the screen, the new screen
+          will be below the old one.
+
+          If ffiillee is specified, the new  screen  is  editing
+          that file, otherwise, both screens are editing the
+          same  file,  and  changes  in  each  will  be   be
+          reflected in the other.  The argument list for the
+          new screen consists of the list of files specified
+          as  arguments  to  this  command,  or, the current
+          pathname if no files are specified.
+
+          Line:    If ffiillee is specified, set as for the eeddiitt
+                   command, otherwise unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]]   ss[[uubbssttiittuuttee]]   [[//ppaatttteerrnn//rreeppllaaccee//]]  [[ooppttiioonnss]]
+          [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] && [[ooppttiioonnss]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ~~ [[ooppttiioonnss]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Make substitutions.  Replace the first instance of
+          ppaatttteerrnn  with  the string rreeppllaaccee on the specified
+          line(s).  If the "//ppaatttteerrnn//rreeppll//" argument is  not
+          specified,  the "//ppaatttteerrnn//rreeppll//" from the previous
+          ssuubbssttiittuuttee command is used.
+
+          If ooppttiioonnss includes the letter "cc" (confirm),  you
+          will  be  prompted  for  confirmation  before each
+          replacement is done.  An affirmative response  (in
+          English,  a  "yy" character) causes the replacement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--6644                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          to be made.  A quit response (in  English,  a  "qq"
+          character)  causes  the  ssuubbssttiittuuttee  command to be
+          terminated.   Any  other   response   causes   the
+          replacement  not  to  be  made, and the ssuubbssttiittuuttee
+          command continues.  If ooppttiioonnss includes the letter
+          "gg" (global), all nonoverlapping instances of ppaatt--
+          tteerrnn in the line are replaced.
+
+          The && version of the command is the  same  as  not
+          specifying  a pattern or replacement string to the
+          ssuubbssttiittuuttee command, and the "&&" is replaced by the
+          pattern  and replacement information from the pre-
+          vious substitute command.
+
+          The ~~ version of the command is the same as &&  and
+          ss, except that the search pattern used is the last
+          RE used in _a_n_y command, not  necessarily  the  one
+          used in the last ssuubbssttiittuuttee command.
+
+          For example, in the sequence
+
+              ss//rreedd//bblluuee//
+              //ggrreeeenn
+              ~~
+
+          the "~~" is equivalent to "ss//ggrreeeenn//bblluuee//".
+
+          The  ssuubbssttiittuuttee  command may be interrupted, using
+          the terminal interrupt character.   All  substitu-
+          tions completed before the interrupt are retained.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line upon which a substi-
+                   tution was made.
+          Options: None.
+
+     ssuu[[ssppeenndd]][[!!]]
+     sstt[[oopp]][[!!]]
+     <<ccoonnttrrooll--ZZ>>
+          Suspend  the edit session.  Appending a "!!"  char-
+          acter to these commands turns  off  the  aauuttoowwrriittee
+          option for the command.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: Affected by the aauuttoowwrriittee option.
+
+     ttaa[[gg]][[!!]] ttaaggssttrriinngg
+          Edit   the  file  containing  the  specified  tag.
+          Search for the tagstring, which can be in  a  dif-
+          ferent  file.   If the tag is in a different file,
+          then the new file is edited.  If the current  file
+          has  been  modified since the last complete write,
+          the ttaagg command will  fail.   This  check  can  be
+          overridden  by appending the "!!"  character to the
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--6655
+
+
+          command name.
+
+          The ttaagg command searches for ttaaggssttrriinngg in the tags
+          file(s)  specified  by  the option.  (See _c_t_a_g_s(1)
+          for more information on tags files.)
+
+          Line:    Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  aauuttoowwrriittee,  ttaagglleennggtthh,
+                   ttaaggss and wwrriitteeaannyy options.
+
+     ttaaggpp[[oopp]][[!!]] [[ffiillee || nnuummbbeerr]]
+          Pop  to  the  specified tag in the tags stack.  If
+          neither ffiillee or nnuummbbeerr is  specified,  the  ttaaggppoopp
+          command  pops to the most recent entry on the tags
+          stack.  If ffiillee or nnuummbbeerr is specified, the ttaaggppoopp
+          command  pops to the most recent entry in the tags
+          stack for that file, or numbered entry in the tags
+          stack, respectively.  (See the ddiissppllaayy command for
+          information on displaying the tags stack.)
+
+          If the file has been modified since the last  com-
+          plete  write,  the ttaaggppoopp command will fail.  This
+          check may be overridden by appending a "!!"   char-
+          acter to the command name.
+
+          Line:    Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+          Options: Affected  by  the aauuttoowwrriittee, and wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     ttaaggtt[[oopp]][[!!]]
+          Pop to the least recent tag  on  the  tags  stack,
+          clearing the tags stack.
+
+          If  the file has been modified since the last com-
+          plete write, the ttaaggppoopp command will  fail.   This
+          check  may be overridden by appending a "!!"  char-
+          acter to the command name.
+
+          Line:    Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+          Options: Affected by the aauuttoowwrriittee,  and  wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     uunnaa[[bbbbrreevv]] llhhss
+          Delete  an abbreviation.  Delete llhhss from the cur-
+          rent list of abbreviations.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     uu[[nnddoo]]
+          Undo the last change made to  the  file.   Changes
+          made  by  gglloobbaall,  vv, vviissuuaall and map sequences are
+          considered a single command.  If repeated,  the  uu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--6666                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          command  alternates  between these two states, and
+          is its own inverse.
+
+          Line:    Set to the last line modified by the com-
+                   mand.
+          Options: None.
+
+     uunnmm[[aapp]][[!!]] llhhss
+          Unmap  a  mapped  string.  Delete the command mode
+          map definition for llhhss.  If a  "!!"   character  is
+          appended  to  the  command  name,  delete the text
+          input mode map definition instead.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     vvee[[rrssiioonn]]
+          Display the version of the eexx//vvii editor.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] vvii[[ssuuaall]] [[ttyyppee]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          EExx mode only.  Enter vvii.  The  ttyyppee  is  optional,
+          and  can  be  "--", "++" or "^^", as in the eexx zz com-
+          mand, to specify the the position of the specified
+          line  in  the  screen  window.  (The default is to
+          place the line at the top of the  screen  window.)
+          A  ccoouunntt  specifies  the number of lines that will
+          initially be displayed.  (The default is the value
+          of the wwiinnddooww editor option.)
+
+          Line:    Unchanged  unless  lliinnee  is specified, in
+                   which case it is set to that line.
+          Options: None.
+
+     vvii[[ssuuaall]][[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]
+          VVii mode only.  Edit a new file.  Identical to  the
+          "eeddiitt[[!!]] [[++ccmmdd]] [[ffiillee]]" command.
+
+     vviiuu[[ssaaggee]] [[ccoommmmaanndd]]
+          Display  usage  for  a  vvii command.  If ccoommmmaanndd is
+          specified, a usage statement for that  command  is
+          displayed.  Otherwise, usage statements for all vvii
+          commands are displayed.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] ww[[rriittee]][[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] ww[[rriittee]] [[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] wwnn[[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+     [[rraannggee]] wwqq[[!!]] [[>>>>]] [[ffiillee]]
+          Write the file.  The specified lines  (the  entire
+          file,  if  no  range is given) is written to ffiillee.
+          If ffiillee is not specified, the current pathname  is
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))                    UUSSDD::1133--6677
+
+
+          used.   If ffiillee is specified, and it exists, or if
+          the current pathname was set using the  ffiillee  com-
+          mand,  and the file already exists, these commands
+          will fail.  Appending a "!!"  character to the com-
+          mand  name  will override this check and the write
+          will be attempted, regardless.
+
+          Specifying the optional ">>>>" string will cause the
+          write to be appended to the file, in which case no
+          tests are made for the file already existing.
+
+          If the file is preceded by a "!!"   character,  the
+          program named in the SHELL environment variable is
+          invoked with file as its second argument, and  the
+          specified  lines  are  passed as standard input to
+          that command.  The "!!"  in this usage must be sep-
+          arated  from  command name by at least one whites-
+          pace character.  The special meaning  of  the  "!!"
+          may  be overridden by escaping it with a backslash
+          ("\\") character.
+
+          The wwqq version of the write command will exit  the
+          editor  after  writing  the  file, if there are no
+          further files to edit.  Appending a "!!"  character
+          to  the  command  name or entering two "quit" com-
+          mands (i.e.  wwqq, qquuiitt, xxiitt or ZZZZ) in a  row)  will
+          override  this  check  and  the  editor will exit,
+          ignoring any files that have not yet been  edited.
+
+          The  wwnn  version of the write command will move to
+          the next file after writing the file,  unless  the
+          write fails.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: Affected  by  the  rreeaaddoonnllyy  and wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] xx[[iitt]][[!!]] [[ffiillee]]
+          Write the file if it has been modified.  The spec-
+          ified  lines  are written to ffiillee, if the file has
+          been modified since the last complete write to any
+          file.   If  no rraannggee is specified, the entire file
+          is written.
+
+          The xxiitt command will exit the editor after writing
+          the  file,  if there are no further files to edit.
+          Appending a "!!"  character to the command name  or
+          entering  two "quit" commands (i.e.  wwqq, qquuiitt, xxiitt
+          or ZZZZ) in a row) will override this check and  the
+          editor will exit, ignoring any files that have not
+          yet been edited.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--6688                    NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee ((EExx CCoommmmaannddss))
+
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: Affected by  the  rreeaaddoonnllyy  and  wwrriitteeaannyy
+                   options.
+
+     [[rraannggee]] yyaa[[nnkk]] [[bbuuffffeerr]] [[ccoouunntt]]
+          Copy  the  specified  lines  to  a  buffer.  If no
+          buffer is specified, the unnamed buffer is used.
+
+          Line:    Unchanged.
+          Options: None.
+
+     [[lliinnee]] zz [[ttyyppee]] [[ccoouunntt]] [[ffllaaggss]]
+          Adjust the window.  If no ttyyppee is specified,  then
+          ccoouunntt  lines following the specified line are dis-
+          played.  The default ccoouunntt is  the  value  of  the
+          wwiinnddooww  option.   The  ttyyppee  argument  changes the
+          position at which lliinnee is displayed on the  screen
+          by  changing  the number of lines displayed before
+          and after lliinnee.  The following ttyyppee characters may
+          be used:
+
+          -        Place  the  line  at  the  bottom  of the
+                   screen.
+          +        Place the line at the top of the  screen.
+          .        Place  the  line  in  the  middle  of the
+                   screen.
+          ^        Write out count lines starting ccoouunntt **  22
+                   lines before lliinnee; the net effect of this
+                   is that a "zz^^" command following a zz com-
+                   mand writes the previous page.
+          =        Center  lliinnee on the screen with a line of
+                   hyphens displayed immediately before  and
+                   after  it.   The  number of preceding and
+                   following lines  of  text  displayed  are
+                   reduced to account for those lines.
+
+          Line:    Set  to the last line displayed, with the
+                   exception of the ttyyppee, where the  current
+                   line  is set to the line specified by the
+                   command.
+          Options: Affected by the option.
+
+     1155..  SSeett OOppttiioonnss
+
+          There are a large number of options  that  may  be
+     set  (or  unset) to change the editor's behavior.  This
+     section describes the options, their abbreviations  and
+     their default values.
+
+          In  each  entry  below,  the first part of the tag
+     line is the full name of the option,  followed  by  any
+     equivalent abbreviations.  (Regardless of the abbrevia-
+     tions, it is only necessary to use the  minimum  number
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--6699
+
+
+     of  characters necessary to distinguish an abbreviation
+     from all other commands  for  it  to  be  accepted,  in
+     nneexx/nnvvii.   Historically,  only  the  full  name and the
+     official abbreviations were accepted by  eexx/vvii.   Using
+     full  names  in  your  startup  files and environmental
+     variables will probably make them more portable.)   The
+     part  in  square  brackets  is the default value of the
+     option.  Most of the options are boolean, i.e. they are
+     either  on or off, and do not have an associated value.
+
+          Options apply to both eexx and vvii modes, unless oth-
+     erwise specified.
+
+          For  information  on  modifying  the options or to
+     display the options and their current values,  see  the
+     "set" command in the section entitled "EExx CCoommmmaannddss".
+
+     aallttwweerraassee [[ooffff]]
+          VVii  only.   Change  how  vvii does word erase during
+          text input.  When this option is set, text is bro-
+          ken up into three classes: alphabetic, numeric and
+          underscore characters, other nonblank  characters,
+          and  blank characters.  Changing from one class to
+          another marks the end of a word.  In addition, the
+          class  of  the  first  character erased is ignored
+          (which is exactly what you want when erasing path-
+          name components).
+
+     aauuttooiinnddeenntt,, aaii [[ooffff]]
+          If  this  option is set, whenever you create a new
+          line (using the vvii AA, aa, CC, cc, II, ii, OO, oo,  RR,  rr,
+          SS,  and  ss commands, or the eexx aappppeenndd, cchhaannggee, and
+          iinnsseerrtt commands) the  new  line  is  automatically
+          indented  to  align the cursor with the first non-
+          blank character of the line from which you created
+          it.   Lines  are  indented using tab characters to
+          the extent possible (based on  the  value  of  the
+          ttaabbssttoopp option) and then using space characters as
+          necessary.  For commands inserting text  into  the
+          middle  of  a  line,  any  blank characters to the
+          right of the cursor are discarded, and  the  first
+          nonblank  character  to the right of the cursor is
+          aligned as described above.
+
+          The indent characters are themselves somewhat spe-
+          cial.   If you do not enter more characters on the
+          new line before moving to another line, or  enter-
+          ing <<eessccaappee>>, the indent character will be deleted
+          and the line will be empty.  For example,  if  you
+          enter  <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>  twice in succession, the
+          line created by the first  <<ccaarrrriiaaggee--rreettuurrnn>>  will
+          not  have  any characters in it, regardless of the
+          indentation of the previous or subsequent line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--7700                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+          Indent characters  also  require  that  you  enter
+          additional  erase  characters to delete them.  For
+          example, if you have an indented line,  containing
+          only  blanks, the first <<wwoorrdd--eerraassee>> character you
+          enter will erase up to end of the  indent  charac-
+          ters, and the second will erase back to the begin-
+          ning of the line.  (Historically, only  the  <<ccoonn--
+          ttrrooll--DD>>  key  would  erase  the indent characters.
+          Both the <<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>> key and the usual erase  keys
+          work in nnvvii.)  In addition, if the cursor is posi-
+          tioned at the end of the  indent  characters,  the
+          keys  "00<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>"  will erase all of the indent
+          characters for the  current  line,  resetting  the
+          indentation  level  to  0.   Similarly,  the  keys
+          "^^<<ccoonnttrrooll--DD>>" will erase all of the indent  char-
+          acters  for the current line, leaving the indenta-
+          tion level for future created lines unaffected.
+
+          Finally, if the aauuttooiinnddeenntt option is  set,  the  SS
+          and  cccc commands change from the first nonblank of
+          the line to the end of the line, instead  of  from
+          the  beginning of the line to the end of the line.
+
+     aauuttoopprriinntt,, aapp [[ooffff]]
+          EExx only.  Cause the current line to  be  automati-
+          cally  displayed after the eexx commands <<, >>, ccooppyy,
+          ddeelleettee, jjooiinn, mmoovvee, ppuutt, tt, UUnnddoo, and uunnddoo.   This
+          automatic  display is suppressed during gglloobbaall and
+          vvgglloobbaall  commands,  and  for  any  command   where
+          optional  flags are used to explicitly display the
+          line.
+
+     aauuttoowwrriittee,, aaww [[ooffff]]
+          If this option is set, the vvii !!, ^^^^, ^^]] and  <<ccoonn--
+          ttrrooll--ZZ>>  commands,  and the eexx eeddiitt, nneexxtt, rreewwiinndd,
+          ssttoopp, ssuussppeenndd, ttaagg, ttaaggppoopp,  and  ttaaggttoopp  commands
+          automatically  write  the current file back to the
+          current file name if it has been modified since it
+          was last written.  If the write fails, the command
+          fails and goes no further.
+
+          Appending the optional force  flag  character  "!!"
+          to  the  eexx  commands nneexxtt, rreewwiinndd, ssttoopp, ssuussppeenndd,
+          ttaagg, ttaaggppoopp, and ttaaggttoopp stops the automatic  write
+          from being attempted.
+
+          (Historically,   the   nneexxtt  command  ignored  the
+          optional force flag.)  Note, the eexx commands eeddiitt,
+          qquuiitt,  sshheellll,  and  xxiitt  are  _n_o_t  affected by the
+          aauuttoowwrriittee option.
+
+     bbeeaauuttiiffyy,, bbff [[ooffff]]
+          If this option is set, all control characters that
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--7711
+
+
+          are  not  currently  being  specially interpreted,
+          other than <<ttaabb>>, <<nneewwlliinnee>>, and <<ffoorrmm--ffeeeedd>>,  are
+          discarded from commands read in by eexx from command
+          files, and from input text entered to  vvii  (either
+          into the file or to the colon command line).  Text
+          files read by eexx/vvii are _n_o_t affected by the  bbeeaauu--
+          ttiiffyy option.
+
+     ccddppaatthh  [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee CCDDPPAATTHH,, oorr ccuurrrreenntt ddiirreecc--
+          ttoorryy]]
+          This option is used to specify a  colon  separated
+          list  of  directories  which are used as path pre-
+          fixes for any relative path names  used  as  argu-
+          ments  for  the  ccdd  command.   The  value of this
+          option defaults to the value of the  environmental
+          variable  CCDDPPAATTHH  if  it  is set, otherwise to the
+          current directory.   For  compatibility  with  the
+          POSIX  1003.2 shell, the ccdd command does _n_o_t check
+          the current directory as a path prefix  for  rela-
+          tive path names unless it is explicitly specified.
+          It may be so specified by entering an empty string
+          or  a  ".."   character into the CCDDPPAATTHH variable or
+          the option value.
+
+     ccoolluummnnss,, ccoo [[8800]]
+          The number of columns in the screen.  Setting this
+          option causes eexx/vvii to set (or reset) the environ-
+          mental variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS.  See the section entitled
+          "SSiizziinngg tthhee SSccrreeeenn" more information.
+
+     ccoommmmeenntt [[ooffff]]
+          VVii  only.  If the first non-empty line of the file
+          begins with the string "//**", this option causes vvii
+          to  skip  to  the  end  of that C-language comment
+          (probably a terribly boring legal  notice)  before
+          displaying the file.
+
+     ddiirreeccttoorryy,, ddiirr [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee TTMMPPDDIIRR,, oorr //ttmmpp]]
+          The  directory  where temporary files are created.
+          The environmental variable TTMMPPDDIIRR is used  as  the
+          default  value  if  it  exists,  otherwise //ttmmpp is
+          used.
+
+     eeddccoommppaattiibbllee,, eedd [[ooffff]]
+          Remember the values of the "c" and "g" suffices to
+          the  ssuubbssttiittuuttee  commands, instead of initializing
+          them as unset for each  new  command.   Specifying
+          pattern  and replacement strings to the ssuubbssttiittuuttee
+          command unsets the "c" and "g" suffices as well.
+
+     eerrrroorrbbeellllss,, eebb [[ooffff]]
+          EExx only.  EExx error messages are normally presented
+          in inverse video.  If that is not possible for the
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--7722                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+          terminal, setting this option  causes  error  mes-
+          sages  to  be  announced  by  ringing the terminal
+          bell.
+
+     eexxrrcc,, eexx [[ooffff]]
+          If this option is turned  off  in  the  system  or
+          $HOME  startup  files, the local startup files are
+          never read (unless they are the same as the system
+          or  $HOME  startup  files).   Turning it on has no
+          effect, i.e. the normal checks for  local  startup
+          files  are performed, regardless.  See the section
+          entitled "SSttaarrttuupp IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn" for  more  informa-
+          tion.
+
+     eexxtteennddeedd [[ooffff]]
+          This  option  causes all regular expressions to be
+          treated as POSIX 1003.2 Extended  Regular  Expres-
+          sions  (which  are  similar  to  historic _e_g_r_e_p(1)
+          style expressions).
+
+     ffllaasshh [[oonn]]
+          This option causes the screen to flash instead  of
+          beeping  the  keyboard,  on error, if the terminal
+          has the capability.
+
+     hhaarrddttaabbss,, hhtt [[88]]
+          This option defines the spacing  between  hardware
+          tab  settings, i.e.  the tab expansion done by the
+          operating system and/or the terminal  itself.   As
+          nneexx/nnvvii  never writes <<ttaabb>> characters to the ter-
+          minal, unlike historic  versions  of  eexx/vvii,  this
+          option does not currently have any affect.
+
+     iiggnnoorreeccaassee,, iicc [[ooffff]]
+          This option causes regular expressions, both in eexx
+          commands and in searches, to  be  evaluated  in  a
+          case-insensitive manner.
+
+     kkeeyyttiimmee [[66]]
+          The  10th's  of  a second eexx/vvii waits for a subse-
+          quent key to complete a key mapping.
+
+     lleeffttrriigghhtt [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  This option  causes  the  screen  to  be
+          scrolled  left-right to view lines longer than the
+          screen,  instead  of  the  traditional  vvii  screen
+          interface which folds long lines at the right-hand
+          margin of the terminal.
+
+     lliinneess,, llii [[2244]]
+          VVii only.  The number of lines in the screen.  Set-
+          ting  this  option  causes eexx/vvii to set (or reset)
+          the environmental variable LLIINNEESS.  See the section
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--7733
+
+
+          entitled "SSiizziinngg tthhee SSccrreeeenn" for more information.
+
+     lliisspp [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  This option changes the behavior of  the
+          vvii  ((,  )),  {{,  }}, [[[[ and ]]]] commands to match the
+          Lisp  language.   Also,  the  aauuttooiinnddeenntt  option's
+          behavior is changed to be appropriate for Lisp.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     lliisstt [[ooffff]]
+          This  option  causes  lines  to be displayed in an
+          unambiguous fashion.  Specifically, tabs are  dis-
+          played  as control characters, i.e.  "^^II", and the
+          ends of lines are marked with a "$$" character.
+
+     mmaaggiicc [[oonn]]
+          This option is on by default.  Turning  the  mmaaggiicc
+          option  off  causes all regular expression charac-
+          ters except for "^^" and  "$$",  to  be  treated  as
+          ordinary   characters.   To  re-enable  characters
+          individually, when the mmaaggiicc option is  off,  pre-
+          cede them with a backslash "\\" character.  See the
+          section entitled "RReegguullaarr EExxpprreessssiioonnss aanndd RReeppllaaccee--
+          mmeenntt SSttrriinnggss" for more information.
+
+     mmaattcchhttiimmee [[77]]
+          VVii  only.   The 10th's of a second eexx/vvii pauses on
+          the matching character when the  sshhoowwmmaattcchh  option
+          is set.
+
+     mmeessgg [[oonn]]
+          This  option  allows  other  users  to contact you
+          using the _t_a_l_k(1) and  _w_r_i_t_e(1)  utilities,  while
+          you  are editing.  EExx/vvii does not turn message on,
+          i.e. if messages were turned off when  the  editor
+          was  invoked,  they  will  stay  turned off.  This
+          option only permits you to disallow  messages  for
+          the  edit  session.   See  the _m_e_s_g(1) utility for
+          more information.
+
+     mmooddeelliinneess,, mmooddeelliinnee [[ooffff]]
+          If the mmooddeelliinneess option is set, eexx/vvii has histori-
+          cally  scanned  the  first  and last five lines of
+          each file as it is read for editing,  looking  for
+          any  eexx  commands  that  have been placed in those
+          lines.  After the  startup  information  has  been
+          processed,  and before the user starts editing the
+          file, any commands embedded in the file  are  exe-
+          cuted.
+
+          Commands were recognized by the letters "e" or "v"
+          followed by "x" or "i", at the beginning of a line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--7744                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+          or  following  a  tab or space character, and fol-
+          lowed by a ":", an eexx command, and another ":".
+
+          This option is a security problem of immense  pro-
+          portions, and should not be used under any circum-
+          stances.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _w_i_l_l _n_e_v_e_r _b_e _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     nnuummbbeerr,, nnuu [[ooffff]]
+          Precede each line displayed with its current  line
+          number.
+
+     ooccttaall [[ooffff]]
+          Display   unknown  characters  as  octal  numbers,
+          instead of the default hexadecimal.
+
+     ooppeenn [[oonn]]
+          EExx only.  If this option is not set, the ooppeenn  and
+          vviissuuaall commands are disallowed.
+
+     ooppttiimmiizzee,, oopptt [[oonn]]
+          VVii  only.  Throughput of text is expedited by set-
+          ting the terminal not  to  do  automatic  carriage
+          returns when printing more than one (logical) line
+          of output, greatly speeding  output  on  terminals
+          without addressable cursors when text with leading
+          white space is printed.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     ppaarraaggrraapphhss,, ppaarraa [[IIPPLLPPPPPPQQPPPP LLIIppppllppiippbbpp]]
+          VVii only.  Define additional  paragraph  boundaries
+          for  the  {{  and  }}  commands.   The value of this
+          option must be a character  string  consisting  of
+          zero or more character pairs.
+
+          In  the  text  to  be edited, the character string
+          <<nneewwlliinnee>>..<<cchhaarr--ppaaiirr>>, (where <<cchhaarr--ppaaiirr>>  is  one
+          of  the  character  pairs  in  the option's value)
+          defines a paragraph boundary.  For example, if the
+          option  were  set to LLaaAA<<ssppaaccee>>####, then all of the
+          following additional paragraph boundaries would be
+          recognized:
+
+
+              <newline>.La
+              <newline>.A<space>
+              <newline>.##
+
+
+     pprroommpptt [[oonn]]
+          EExx  only.   This  option  causes  eexx to prompt for
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--7755
+
+
+          command input with a "::" character; when it is not
+          set, no prompt is displayed.
+
+     rreeaaddoonnllyy,, rroo [[ooffff]]
+          This  option causes a force flag to be required to
+          attempt to write the file  back  to  the  original
+          file  name.   Setting this option is equivalent to
+          using the --RR command line  option,  or  editing  a
+          file which lacks write permission.
+
+     rreeccddiirr [[//vvaarr//ttmmpp//vvii..rreeccoovveerr]]
+          The directory where recovery files are stored.
+
+          If  you  change the value of rreeccddiirr, be careful to
+          choose a directory whose contents  are  not  regu-
+          larly deleted.  Bad choices include directories in
+          memory based filesystems, or //ttmmpp,  on  most  sys-
+          tems,  as  their  contents  are  removed  when the
+          machine is rebooted.
+
+          Public directories like //uussrr//ttmmpp and //vvaarr//ttmmpp  are
+          usually  safe,  although  some  sites periodically
+          prune old files from them.  There is  no  require-
+          ment  that you use a public directory, e.g. a sub-
+          directory of your home directory will work fine.
+
+          Finally, if you change the value  of  rreeccddiirr,  you
+          must modify the recovery script to operate in your
+          chosen recovery area.
+
+          See the section entitled  "RReeccoovveerryy"  for  further
+          information.
+
+     rreeddrraaww,, rree [[ooffff]]
+          VVii   only.   The  editor  simulates  (using  great
+          amounts of output), an intelligent terminal  on  a
+          dumb  terminal  (e.g.  during insertions in vvii the
+          characters  to  the  right  of  the   cursor   are
+          refreshed as each input character is typed).
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     rreemmaapp [[oonn]]
+          If  this  option  is set, it is possible to define
+          macros in terms of other macros.  Otherwise,  each
+          key is only remapped up to one time.  For example,
+          if "AA" is mapped to "BB", and "BB" is mapped to "CC",
+          The  keystroke  "AA"  will  be mapped to "CC" if the
+          rreemmaapp option is set, and to "BB" if it is not  set.
+
+     rreeppoorrtt [[55]]
+          Set the threshold of the number of lines that need
+          to be changed or yanked before a message  will  be
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--7766                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+          displayed  to  the  user.   For everything but the
+          yank command, the value is the largest value about
+          which  the  editor  is  silent, i.e. by default, 6
+          lines must be deleted before the user is notified.
+          However,  if the number of lines yanked is greater
+          than _o_r _e_q_u_a_l _t_o the set value, it is reported  to
+          the user.
+
+     rruulleerr [[ooffff]]
+          VVii  only.  Display a row/column ruler on the colon
+          command line.
+
+     ssccrroollll,, ssccrr [[wwiinnddooww // 22]]
+          Set the number of lines scrolled by the  vvii  <<ccoonn--
+          ttrrooll--DD>> and <<ccoonnttrrooll--UU>> commands.
+
+          Historically,  the  eexx  zz  command, when specified
+          without a count, used two times the  size  of  the
+          scroll  value; the POSIX 1003.2 standard specified
+          the window size, which is a better choice.
+
+     sseeccttiioonnss,, sseecctt [[NNHHSSHHHH HHUUnnhhsshh]]
+          VVii only.  Define additional section boundaries for
+          the  [[[[  and  ]]]]  commands.   The  sseeccttiioonnss option
+          should be set to a character string consisting  of
+          zero  or  more character pairs.  In the text to be
+          edited,  the  character  string   <<nneewwlliinnee>>..<<cchhaarr--
+          ppaaiirr>>,  (where <<cchhaarr--ppaaiirr>> is one of the character
+          pairs in the option's value),  defines  a  section
+          boundary  in the same manner that ppaarraaggrraapphh option
+          boundaries are defined.
+
+     sshheellll,, sshh [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee SSHHEELLLL,, oorr //bbiinn//sshh]]
+          Select the shell used by the editor.   The  speci-
+          fied  path is the pathname of the shell invoked by
+          the vvii !!  shell escape command and by the eexx sshheellll
+          command.  This program is also used to resolve any
+          shell meta-characters in eexx commands.
+
+     sshhiiffttwwiiddtthh,, ssww [[88]]
+          Set the autoindent and shift  command  indentation
+          width.   This  width  is  used  by  the aauuttooiinnddeenntt
+          option and by the <<, >>, and sshhiifftt commands.
+
+     sshhoowwddiirrttyy [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  Display an asterisk on the colon command
+          line if the file has been modified.
+
+     sshhoowwmmaattcchh,, ssmm [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  This option causes vvii, when a "}}" or "))"
+          is entered, to briefly move the cursor the  match-
+          ing "{{" or "((".  See the mmaattcchhttiimmee option for more
+          information.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--7777
+
+
+     sshhoowwmmooddee [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  This  option  causes  vvii  to  display  a
+          string  identifying the current editor mode on the
+          colon command line.
+
+     ssiiddeessccrroollll [[1166]]
+          VVii only.  Sets the  number  of  columns  that  are
+          shifted  to  the  left  or right, when vvii is doing
+          left-right scrolling and the left or right  margin
+          is  crossed.   See  the  lleeffttrriigghhtt option for more
+          information.
+
+     sslloowwooppeenn,, ssllooww [[ooffff]]
+          This option affects the display algorithm used  by
+          vvii,  holding  off display updating during input of
+          new text to improve throughput when  the  terminal
+          in use is slow and unintelligent.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _i_s _n_o_t _y_e_t _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     ssoouurrcceeaannyy [[ooffff]]
+          If  this option is turned on, vvii historically read
+          startup files that were  owned  by  someone  other
+          than  the  editor  user.  See the section entitled
+          "SSttaarrttuupp IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn" for more information.   This
+          option  is  a  security problem of immense propor-
+          tions, and should not be used  under  any  circum-
+          stances.
+
+          _T_h_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n _w_i_l_l _n_e_v_e_r _b_e _i_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_e_d_.
+
+     ttaabbssttoopp,, ttss [[88]]
+          This  option  sets  tab widths for the editor dis-
+          play.
+
+     ttaagglleennggtthh,, ttll [[00]]
+          This option sets the maximum number of  characters
+          that  are  considered  significant  in a tag name.
+          Setting the value to 0 makes all of the characters
+          in the tag name significant.
+
+     ttaaggss,, ttaagg [[ttaaggss //vvaarr//ddbb//lliibbcc..ttaaggss //ssyyss//kkeerrnn//ttaaggss]]
+          Sets  the  list  of  tags  files, in search order,
+          which are used when the editor searches for a tag.
+
+     tteerrmm,, ttttyyttyyppee,, ttttyy [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee TTEERRMM]]
+          Set the terminal type.  Setting this option causes
+          eexx/vvii to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+          TTEERRMM.
+
+     tteerrssee [[ooffff]]
+          This  option has historically made editor messages
+          less  verbose.   It  has   no   effect   in   this
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--7788                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+          implementation.   See  the vveerrbboossee option for more
+          information.
+
+     ttiillddeeoopp
+          Modify the ~~ command to take an associated motion.
+
+     ttiimmeeoouutt,, ttoo [[oonn]]
+          If  this option is set, eexx/vvii waits for a specific
+          period for a subsequent key to complete a key map-
+          ping  (see  the kkeeyyttiimmee option).  If the option is
+          not set, the editor waits until  enough  keys  are
+          entered  to  resolve  the ambiguity, regardless of
+          how long it takes.
+
+     ttttyywweerraassee [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  This option changes  how  vvii  does  word
+          erase  during  text input.  If this option is set,
+          text is broken up into two classes, blank  charac-
+          ters  and  nonblank characters.  Changing from one
+          class to another marks the end of a word.
+
+     vveerrbboossee [[ooffff]]
+          VVii only.  VVii historically bells the  terminal  for
+          many  obvious  mistakes,  e.g. trying to move past
+          the left-hand margin, or past the end of the file.
+          If  this  option  is set, an error message is dis-
+          played for all errors.
+
+     ww330000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+          VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate  is
+          less  than  1200  baud.  See the wwiinnddooww option for
+          more information.
+
+     ww11220000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+          VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate  is
+          equal  to  1200  baud.   See the wwiinnddooww option for
+          more information.
+
+     ww99660000 [[nnoo ddeeffaauulltt]]
+          VVii only.  Set the window size if the baud rate  is
+          greater than 1200 baud.  See the wwiinnddooww option for
+          more information.
+
+     wwaarrnn [[oonn]]
+          EExx only.  This option causes a warning message  to
+          the  terminal if the file has been modified, since
+          it was last written, before a !!  command.
+
+     wwiinnddooww,, ww,, wwii [[eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabbllee LLIINNEESS]]
+          This option determines the default number of lines
+          in  a  screenful, as written by the zz command.  It
+          also determines the number of  lines  scrolled  by
+          the  vvii commands <<ccoonnttrrooll--FF>> and <<ccoonnttrrooll--BB>>.  The
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--7799
+
+
+          value of window  can  be  unrelated  to  the  real
+          screen  size, although it starts out as the number
+          of lines on the screen (see the  section  entitled
+          "SSiizziinngg  tthhee  SSccrreeeenn" for more information).  Set-
+          ting the value of the wwiinnddooww option is the same as
+          using the --ww command line option.
+
+          If  the  value of the wwiinnddooww option (as set by the
+          wwiinnddooww, ww330000, ww11220000 or ww99660000 options)  is  smaller
+          than  the  actual size of the screen, large screen
+          movements will  result  in  displaying  only  that
+          smaller  number  of lines on the screen.  (Further
+          movements in that same area  will  result  in  the
+          screen  being filled.)  This can provide a perfor-
+          mance improvement when viewing different places in
+          one or more files over a slow link.
+
+     wwrraappmmaarrggiinn,, wwmm [[00]]
+          VVii only.  If the value of the wwrraappmmaarrggiinn option is
+          non-zero, vvii will split lines so that they end  at
+          least  that number of characters before the right-
+          hand margin of the screen.  (Note,  the  value  of
+          wwrraappmmaarrggiinn is _n_o_t a text length.  In a screen that
+          is 80 columns wide,  the  command  "::sseett  wwrraappmmaarr--
+          ggiinn==88"  attempts  to  keep  the lines less than or
+          equal to 72 columns wide.)
+
+          Lines are split at the previous whitespace charac-
+          ter  closest  to the number.  Any trailing whites-
+          pace characters before that character are deleted.
+          If  the  line  is  split  because  of  an inserted
+          <<ssppaaccee>> or <<ttaabb>> character,  and  you  then  enter
+          another <<ssppaaccee>> character, it is discarded.
+
+          If wrapmargin is set to 0, or if there is no blank
+          character upon which to split the line,  the  line
+          is not broken.
+
+     wwrraappssccaann,, wwss [[oonn]]
+          This option causes searches to wrap around the end
+          or the beginning of the  file,  and  back  to  the
+          starting  point.   Otherwise, the end or beginning
+          of the file terminates the search.
+
+     wwrriitteeaannyy,, wwaa [[ooffff]]
+          If this option  is  set,  file-overwriting  checks
+          that  would  usually  be made before the wwrriittee and
+          xxiitt commands, or before an  automatic  write  (see
+          the  aauuttoowwrriittee option), are not made.  This allows
+          a write to any file, provided the file permissions
+          allow it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--8800                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+     1166..  AAddddiittiioonnaall FFeeaattuurreess iinn NNeexx//NNvvii
+
+          There  are  a few features in nneexx/nnvvii that are not
+     found in historic versions of eexx/vvii.  Some of the  more
+     interesting of those features are as follows:
+
+     88--bbiitt cclleeaann ddaattaa,, llaarrggee lliinneess,, ffiilleess
+          NNeexx/nnvvii  will  edit any format file.  Line lengths
+          are limited by available memory,  and  file  sizes
+          are  limited by available disk space.  The vvii text
+          input mode command <<ccoonnttrrooll--XX>> can insert any pos-
+          sible character value into the text.
+
+     SSpplliitt ssccrreeeennss
+          The sspplliitt command divides the screen into multiple
+          editing regions.  The <<ccoonnttrrooll--WW>> command  rotates
+          between  the  foreground screens.  The rreessiizzee com-
+          mand can be used to grow or  shrink  a  particular
+          screen.
+
+     BBaacckkggrroouunndd aanndd ffoorreeggrroouunndd ssccrreeeennss
+          The bbgg command backgrounds the current screen, and
+          the ffgg command foregrounds  backgrounded  screens.
+          The  ddiissppllaayy command can be used to list the back-
+          ground screens.
+
+     TTaagg ssttaacckkss
+          Tags are now maintained in a stack.  The <<ccoonnttrrooll--
+          TT>>  command  returns to the previous tag location.
+          The ttaaggppoopp command returns to the most recent  tag
+          location  by default, or, optionally to a specific
+          tag number in the tag stack, or  the  most  recent
+          tag  from  a  specified file.  The ddiissppllaayy command
+          can be used to list the tags  stack.   The  ttaaggttoopp
+          command returns to the top of the tag stack.
+
+     NNeeww ddiissppllaayyss
+          The  ddiissppllaayy  command  can  be used to display the
+          current buffers, the backgrounded screens, and the
+          tags stack.
+
+     IInnffiinniittee uunnddoo
+          Changes  made during an edit session may be rolled
+          backward and forward.  A  ..   command  immediately
+          after  a  uu  command  continues  either forward or
+          backward depending on whether the uu command was an
+          undo or a redo.
+
+     UUssaaggee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn
+          The  eexxuussaaggee  and  vviiuussaaggee  commands provide usage
+          information for all of the eexx and vvii  commands  by
+          default, or, optionally, for a specific command or
+          key.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--8811
+
+
+     EExxtteennddeedd RReegguullaarr EExxpprreessssiioonnss
+          The eexxtteennddeedd option causes Regular Expressions  to
+          be interpreted as as Extended Regular Expressions,
+          (i.e. _e_g_r_e_p(1) style Regular Expressions).
+
+     WWoorrdd sseeaarrcchh
+          The <<ccoonnttrrooll--AA>> command searches for the word ref-
+          erenced by the cursor.
+
+     NNuummbbeerr iinnccrreemmeenntt
+          The  ## command increments or decrements the number
+          referenced by the cursor.
+
+     PPrreevviioouuss ffiillee
+          The pprreevviioouuss command edits the previous file  from
+          the argument list.
+
+     LLeefftt--rriigghhtt ssccrroolllliinngg
+          The  lleeffttrriigghhtt  option causes nnvvii to do left-right
+          screen scrolling, instead of  the  traditional  vvii
+          line wrapping.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--8822                                  NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+     1177..  IInnddeexx
+
+     !       15, 34         @       20, 35         columns     47
+     ""          34         A           20         comment     47
+     #       16, 35         B           20         copy        36
+     $           16         C           21         count   10, 33
+     %           16         D           21         current pathname 8
+     &       17, 42         E           21         d           26
+     (           17         F           21         delete      37
+     )           17         G           21         directory   47
+     *           35         H           21         display     37
+     +           13         I           22         e           26
+     ,           18         J           22         edcompatible47
+     /RE/        18         L           22         edit        37
+     0           19         M           22         errorbells  47
+     0<control-D>31         N           18         exrc        47
+     :           19         O           22         extended    48
+     ;           19         P           23         exusage     37
+     <       20, 35         Q           23         f           26
+     <control-A> 11         R           23         fg          37
+     <control-B> 11         S           23         file    33, 37
+     <control-1D2>, 31         T           23         flags       33
+     <control-E> 12         U           23         flash       48
+     <control-F> 12         W           24         global      38
+     <control-G> 12         X           24         hardtabs    48
+     <control-1H2>, 31         Y           24         help        38
+     <control-J> 13         ZZ          24         i           26
+     <control-L> 13         [[          24         ignorecase  48
+     <control-M> 13         -           18         insert      38
+     <control-N> 13         ]]          25         j           13
+     <control-P> 13         ^           25         join        38
+     <control-R> 13         ^<control-D>31         k       13, 39
+     <control-1T4>, 31         _           25         keytime     48
+     <control-U> 14         `<character>17         l           15
+     <control-1W4>, 31         a           25         leftright   48
+     <control-X> 31         abbrev      35         line        33
+     <control-Y> 14         alternate pathname 8   lines       48
+     <control-1Z4>, 43         altwerase   46         lisp        48
+     <control-]> 15         append      36         list    39, 48
+     <control-^> 15         args        36         m           27
+     <end-of-file> 34       autoindent  46         magic       48
+     <eof>       33         autoprint   46         map         39
+     <erase>     31         autowrite   47         mark        39
+     <escape>14, 31         b           25         matchtime   48
+     <inter7r,up3t0>, 31         beautify    47         mesg        48
+     <line erase>31         bg          36         mkexrc      39
+     <literal next> 7, 31   bigword     10         modelines   49
+     <nul>       30         buffer       8         motion      10
+     <space>     15         c           26         move        39
+     <word erase>31         cd          36         n           18
+     =           35         cdpath      47         next        40
+     >       20, 35         change      36         number  35, 49
+     ?RE?        18         chdir       36         o           27
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee                                  UUSSDD::1133--8833
+
+
+     octal       49         tildeop     51
+     open    40, 49         timeout     51
+     optimize    49         ttywerase   52
+     p           27         u           28
+     paragraph   11         unabbrev    44
+     paragraphs  49         undo        44
+     preserve    40         unmap       44
+     previous    40         unnamed buffer 8
+     previous context 9     v           38
+     print       40         verbose     52
+     prompt      49         version     44
+     put         40         visual      44
+     quit        41         viusage     44
+     r           27         w           28
+     range       33         w1200       52
+     read        41         w300        52
+     readonly    49         w9600       52
+     recdir      49         warn        52
+     recover     41         window      52
+     redraw      50         wn          44
+     remap       50         word        10
+     report      50         wq          44
+     resize      41         wrapmargin  52
+     rewind      41         wrapscan    52
+     ruler       50         write       44
+     s           27         writeany    53
+     scroll      50         x           28
+     section     11         xit         45
+     sections    50         y           28
+     sentence    11         yank        45
+     set         41         z       28, 45
+     shell   42, 50         {           29
+     shiftwidth  50         |           29
+     showdirty   51         }           29
+     showmatch   51         ~   29, 30, 42
+     showmode    51
+     sidescroll  51
+     slowopen    51
+     source      42
+     sourceany   51
+     split       42
+     stop        43
+     substitute  42
+     suspend     43
+     t       27, 36
+     tabstop     51
+     tag         43
+     taglength   51
+     tagpop      43
+     tags        51
+     tagtop      43
+     term        51
+     terse       51
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+UUSSDD::1133--22                                   NNvvii//NNeexx RReeffeerreennccee
+
+
+                        TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss
+
+     Description ......................................    3
+     Startup Information ..............................    3
+     Recovery .........................................    4
+     Sizing the Screen ................................    7
+     Character Display ................................    7
+     Multiple Screens .................................    8
+     Regular Expressions and Replacement Strings ......    9
+     General Editor Description .......................   10
+     Vi Description ...................................   12
+     Vi Commands ......................................   17
+     Vi Text Input Commands ...........................   45
+     Ex Addressing ....................................   47
+     Ex Description ...................................   49
+     Ex Commands ......................................   50
+     Set Options ......................................   68
+     Additional Features in Nex/Nvi ...................   79
+     Index ............................................   82
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bfb29bff32e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 8/14/93
+
+DIR=	usd/12.vi
+SRCS=	vi.in vi.chars
+MACROS=	-msU
+CLEANFILES+=summary.* viapwh.*
+
+paper.ps: ${SRCS} summary.ps viapwh.ps
+	${TBL} ${SRCS} | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET}
+
+summary.ps: vi.summary
+	${TBL} vi.summary | ${ROFF}  > ${.TARGET}
+
+viapwh.ps: vi.apwh.ms
+	${ROFF} vi.apwh.ms > ${.TARGET}
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.apwh.ms b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.apwh.ms
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d0b62611c701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.apwh.ms
@@ -0,0 +1,1079 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.apwh.ms	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.TL
+Vi Command & Function Reference
+.AU CB 2675
+Alan P.W. Hewett
+.sp
+Revised for version 2.12 by Mark Horton
+.CB
+.NH 1
+Author's Disclaimer
+.LP
+This document does not claim to be 100% complete.  There are a
+few commands listed in the original document that I was unable
+to test either because I do not speak \fBlisp\fR, because they
+required programs we don't have, or because I wasn't able to make
+them work.  In these cases I left the command out.  The commands
+listed in this document have been tried and are known to work.
+It is expected that prospective users of this document will read
+it once to get the flavor of everything that \fBvi\fR can do
+and then use it as a reference document.  Experimentation is
+recommended.  If you don't understand a command, try it and
+see what happens.
+.LP
+[Note: In revising this document, I have attempted to make it
+completely reflect version 2.12 of
+.B vi .
+It does not attempt to document the VAX version (version 3),
+but with one or two exceptions (wrapmargin, arrow keys)
+everything said about 2.12 should apply to 3.1.
+.I "Mark Horton" ]
+.NH 1
+Notation
+.LP
+\fB[option]\fR is used to denote optional parts of a command.
+Many \fBvi\fR commands have an optional count.  \fB[cnt]\fR
+means that an optional number may precede the command to
+multiply or iterate the command.
+\fB{variable item}\fR is used to denote parts of the command
+which must appear, but can take a number of different values.
+\fB<character [-character]>\fR means that the character or
+one of the characters in the range described between the
+two angle brackets is to be typed.
+For example \fB<esc>\fR means
+the \fBescape\fR key is to be typed.  \fB<a-z>\fR means that a
+lower case letter is to be typed.  \fB^<character>\fR means that
+the character is to be typed as a \fBcontrol\fR character, that is,
+with the \fB<cntl>\fR key held down while simultaneously typing
+the specified character.  In this document control characters will
+be denoted using the \fIupper case\fR character, but
+^<uppercase chr> and ^<lowercase chr> are equivalent.  That is, for
+example, \fB<^D>\fR is equal to \fB<^d>\fR.
+The most common character abbreviations
+used in this list are as follows:
+.VL 8
+.IP <esc> 8
+escape, octal 033
+.IP <cr> 8
+carriage return, ^M, octal 015
+.IP <lf> 8
+linefeed ^J, octal 012
+.IP <nl> 8
+newline, ^J, octal 012 (same as linefeed)
+.IP <bs> 8
+backspace, ^H, octal 010
+.IP <tab> 8
+tab, ^I, octal 011
+.IP <bell> 8
+bell, ^G, octal 07
+.IP <ff> 8
+formfeed, ^L, octal 014
+.IP <sp> 8
+space, octal 040
+.IP <del> 8
+delete, octal 0177
+.LE
+.sp 1
+.NH 1
+Basics
+.LP
+To run \fBvi\fR the shell variable \fBTERM\fR must be defined and
+exported to your environment.
+How you do this depends on which shell you are using.
+You can tell which shell you have by the character it
+prompts you for commands with.
+The Bourne shell prompts with `$', and the C shell prompts with `%'.
+For these examples, we will suppose
+that you are using an HP 2621 terminal, whose termcap name is ``2621''.
+.NH 2
+Bourne Shell
+.LP
+To manually set your terminal type to 2621 you would type:
+.DS
+TERM=2621
+export TERM
+.DE
+.PP
+There are various ways of having this automatically or
+semi-automatically done when you log in.
+Suppose you usually dial in on a 2621.
+You want to tell this to the machine, but still have it
+work when you use a hardwired terminal.
+The recommended way, if you have the
+.B tset
+program, is to use the sequence
+.DS
+tset \-s \-d 2621 > tset$$
+\&. tset$$
+rm tset$$
+.DE
+in your .login (for csh) or the same thing using `.' instead of `source'
+in your .profile (for sh).
+The above line says that if you are dialing in you are on a 2621,
+but if you are on a hardwired terminal it figures out your terminal
+type from an on-line list.
+.NH 2
+The C Shell
+.LP
+To manually set your terminal type to 2621 you would type:
+.DS
+setenv TERM 2621
+.DE
+.PP
+There are various ways of having this automatically or
+semi-automatically done when you log in.
+Suppose you usually dial in on a 2621.
+You want to tell this to the machine, but still have it
+work when you use a hardwired terminal.
+The recommended way, if you have the
+.B tset
+program, is to use the sequence
+.DS
+tset \-s \-d 2621 > tset$$
+source tset$$
+rm tset$$
+.DE
+in your .login.*
+.FS
+* On a version 6 system
+without environments, the invocation of tset
+is simpler, just add the line ``tset \-d 2621''
+to your .login or .profile.
+.FE
+The above line says that if you are dialing in you are on a 2621,
+but if you are on a hardwired terminal it figures out your terminal
+type from an on-line list.
+.NH 1
+Normal Commands
+.LP
+\fBVi\fR is a visual editor with a window on the file.  What
+you see on the screen is \fBvi\fR's current notion of
+what your file will contain,
+(at this point in the file),
+when it is written out.
+Most commands do not cause any change in the screen until the
+complete command is typed.  Should you get confused while
+typing a command, you can abort the command by typing an
+<del> character.  You will know you are back to command level
+when you hear a <bell>.  Usually typing an <esc> will produce the
+same result.  When \fBvi\fR gets an improperly formatted command
+it rings the <bell>.
+Following are the \fBvi\fR commands broken down by function.
+.NH 2
+Entry and Exit
+.LP
+To enter
+.B vi
+on a particular
+.I file ,
+type
+.DS
+\fBvi\fP \fIfile\fP
+.DE
+The file will be read in and the cursor will be placed at the beginning
+of the first line.
+The first screenfull of the file will be displayed on the terminal.
+.PP
+To get out of the editor, type
+.DS
+ZZ
+.DE
+If you are in some special mode, such as input mode
+or the middle of a multi-keystroke command, it may
+be necessary to type <esc> first.
+.NH 2
+Cursor and Page Motion
+.LP
+.VL 16
+.B NOTE:
+The arrow keys (see the next four commands)
+on certain kinds of terminals will not work with the
+PDP-11 version of vi.  The control versions or the hjkl versions will
+work on any terminal.  Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because
+they are always right under their fingers.  Beginners often prefer
+the arrow keys, since they do not require memorization of which hjkl
+key is which.
+The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking at the keyboard of an adm3a.
+.sp
+.IP "[cnt]<bs> or [cnt]h or [cnt]\(<-" 16
+.br
+Move the cursor to the left one character.  Cursor stops at the left
+margin of the page.
+If cnt is given, these commands move that many spaces.
+.IP "[cnt]^N or [cnt]j or [cnt]\(da or [cnt]<lf>" 16
+.br
+Move down one line.
+Moving off the screen scrolls the window to force a new line
+onto the screen.
+Mnemonic: \fBN\fRext
+.IP "[cnt]^P or [cnt]k or [cnt]\(ua" 16
+.br
+Move up one line.
+Moving off the top of the screen forces new text onto the screen.
+Mnemonic: \fBP\fRrevious
+.IP "[cnt]<sp> or [cnt]l or [cnt]\(->" 16
+.br
+Move to the right one character.
+Cursor will not go beyond the end of the line.
+.IP [cnt]- 16
+Move the cursor up the screen to the beginning of the next line.
+Scroll if necessary.
+.IP "[cnt]+ or [cnt]<cr>" 16
+.sp 1
+Move the cursor down the screen to the beginning of the next line.
+Scroll up if necessary.
+.IP "[cnt]$" 16
+Move the cursor to the end of the line.
+If there is a count, move to the end of the line "cnt" lines
+forward in the file.
+.IP "^" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the first word on the line.
+.IP "0" 16
+Move the cursor to the left margin of the current line.
+.IP "[cnt]|" 16
+Move the cursor to the column specified by the count.  The default is
+column zero.
+.IP "[cnt]w" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word. If there
+is a count, then move forward that many words and
+position the cursor at the beginning of the word.
+Mnemonic: next-\fBw\fRord
+.IP "[cnt]W" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word which follows
+a "white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).  Ignore other punctuation.
+.IP "[cnt]b" 16
+Move the cursor to the preceding word.  Mnemonic: \fBb\fRackup-word
+.IP "[cnt]B" 16
+Move the cursor to the preceding word that is separated from the
+current word by a "white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).
+.IP "[cnt]e" 16
+Move the cursor to the end of the current word or the end of the
+"cnt"'th word hence.  Mnemonic: \fBe\fRnd-of-word
+.IP "[cnt]E" 16
+Move the cursor to the end of the current word which is delimited by
+"white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).
+.IP "[line number]G" 16
+.br
+Move the cursor to the line specified.  Of particular use are the
+sequences "1G" and "G", which move the cursor to the beginning and
+the end of the file respectively.  Mnemonic: \fBG\fRo-to
+.LP
+.B NOTE:
+The next four commands (^D, ^U, ^F, ^B)
+are not true motion commands, in that they
+cannot be used as the object of commands such as delete or change.
+.IP "[cnt]^D" 16
+Move the cursor down in the file by "cnt" lines (or the last "cnt"
+if a new count isn't given.  The initial default is half a page.)  The
+screen is simultaneously scrolled up.  Mnemonic: \fBD\fRown
+.IP "[cnt]^U" 16
+Move the cursor up in the file by "cnt" lines.  The screen is simultaneously
+scrolled down.  Mnemonic: \fBU\fRp
+.IP "[cnt]^F" 16
+Move the cursor to the next page.  A count moves that many pages.
+Two lines of the previous page are kept on the screen for continuity if
+possible.  Mnemonic: \fBF\fRorward-a-page
+.IP "[cnt]^B" 16
+Move the cursor to the previous page.  Two lines of the current page
+are kept if possible.  Mnemonic: \fBB\fRackup-a-page
+.IP "[cnt](" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the next sentence.
+A sentence is defined as ending with a ".", "!", or "?"
+followed by two spaces or a <nl>.
+.IP "[cnt])" 16
+Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a sentence.
+.IP "[cnt]}" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.  This command
+works best inside \fBnroff\fR documents.  It understands two sets of
+\fBnroff\fR macros, \fB\-ms\fR and \fB\-mm\fR, for which the
+commands ".IP", ".LP", ".PP", ".QP", "P", as well as the nroff command ".bp"
+are considered to be paragraph delimiters.
+A blank line also delimits a paragraph.
+The \fBnroff\fR macros that it accepts as paragraph delimiters is
+adjustable.  See \fBparagraphs\fR under the \fBSet Commands\fR section.
+.IP "[cnt]{" 16
+Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a paragraph.
+.IP "]]" 16
+Move the cursor to the next "section", where a section is defined by
+two sets of \fBnroff\fR macros, \fB\-ms\fR and \fB\-mm\fR, in which
+".NH", ".SH", and ".H" delimit a section.  A line beginning with a <ff><nl>
+sequence, or a line beginning with a "{" are also considered to
+be section delimiters.  The last option makes it
+useful for finding the beginnings of C functions.
+The \fBnroff\fR macros that are used for section delimiters can be adjusted.
+See \fBsections\fR under the \fBSet Commands\fR section.
+.IP "[[" 16
+Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a section.
+.IP "%" 16
+Move the cursor to the matching parenthesis
+or brace.  This is very useful in C or lisp code.  If the
+cursor is sitting on a \fB( ) {\fR or \fB}\fR the cursor
+is moved to the matching character at the other end of the
+section.  If the cursor is not sitting on a brace or a
+parenthesis, \fBvi\fR searches forward until it finds one
+and then jumps to the match mate.
+.IP "[cnt]H" 16
+If there is no count move the cursor to the top left position on the screen.
+If there is a count, then move the cursor to the beginning of the line
+"cnt" lines from the top of the screen.  Mnemonic:  \fBH\fRome
+.IP "[cnt]L" 16
+If there is no count move the cursor to the beginning
+of the last line on the screen.
+If there is a count, then move the cursor to the beginning of the line
+"cnt" lines from the bottom of the screen.  Mnemonic: \fBL\fRast
+.IP "M" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the middle line on the screen.
+Mnemonic: \fBM\fRiddle
+.IP "m<a-z>" 16
+This command does not move the cursor, but it \fBmarks\fR the place
+in the file and the character "<a-z>" becomes the label for referring
+to this location in the file.  See the next two commands.  Mnemonic:
+\fBm\fRark
+.B NOTE:
+The mark command is not a motion, and cannot be used as the target
+of commands such as delete.
+.IP "\(aa<a-z>" 16
+Move the cursor to the beginning of the line that is marked with the label
+"<a-z>".
+.IP "\(ga<a-z>" 16
+Move the cursor to the exact position on the line that was marked with
+with the label "<a-z>".
+.IP "\(aa\(aa" 16
+Move the cursor back to the beginning of the line where it was before the
+last "non-relative" move.  A "non-relative" move is something such as a
+search or a jump to a specific line in the file, rather than moving the
+cursor or scrolling the screen.
+.IP "\(ga\(ga" 16
+Move the cursor back to the exact spot on the line where it was located
+before the last "non-relative" move.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Searches
+.LP
+The following commands allow you to search for items in a file.
+.VL 16
+.IP [cnt]f{chr} 16
+.sp 1
+Search forward on the line for the next or "cnt"'th occurrence of
+the character "chr".  The cursor is placed \fBat\fR the character
+of interest.  Mnemonic: \fBf\fRind character
+.IP [cnt]F{chr} 16
+.sp 1
+Search backwards on the line for the next or "cnt"'th occurrence of
+the character "chr".  The cursor is placed \fBat\fR the character
+of interest.
+.IP [cnt]t{chr} 16
+.sp 1
+Search forward on the line for the next or "cnt"'th occurrence of
+the character "chr".  The cursor is placed \fBjust preceding\fR
+the character of interest.  Mnemonic: move cursor up \fBt\fRo character
+.IP [cnt]T{chr} 16
+.sp 1
+Search backwards on the line for the next or "cnt"'th occurrence of
+the character "chr".  The cursor is placed \fBjust preceding\fR
+the character of interest.
+.IP "[cnt];" 16
+Repeat the last "f", "F", "t" or "T" command.
+.IP "[cnt]," 16
+Repeat the last "f", "F", "t" or "T" command, but in the opposite
+search direction.  This is useful if you overshoot.
+.IP "[cnt]/[string]/<nl>" 16
+.br
+Search forward for the next occurrence of "string".
+Wrap around at the end of the file
+does occur.
+The final \fB</>\fR is not required.
+.IP "[cnt]?[string]?<nl>" 16
+.br
+Search backwards for the next occurrence of "string".  If a count is
+specified, the count becomes the new window size.  Wrap around at the beginning
+of the file does occur.
+The final \fB<?>\fR is not required.
+.IP n 16
+Repeat the last /[string]/ or ?[string]? search.  Mnemonic: \fBn\fRext
+occurrence.
+.IP N 16
+Repeat the last /[string]/ or ?[string]? search, but in the reverse
+direction.
+.IP ":g/[string]/[editor command]<nl>" 16
+.sp 1
+Using the \fB:\fR syntax it is possible to do global searches ala the
+standard UNIX "ed" editor.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Text Insertion
+.LP
+The following commands allow for the insertion of text.  All multicharacter
+text insertions are terminated with an <esc> character.
+The last change
+can always be \fBundone\fR by typing a \fBu\fR.
+The text insert in insertion mode can contain newlines.
+.VL 16
+.IP a{text}<esc> 16
+Insert text immediately following the cursor position.
+Mnemonic: \fBa\fRppend
+.IP A{text}<esc> 16
+Insert text at the end of the current line.
+Mnemonic: \fBA\fRppend
+.IP i{text}<esc> 16
+Insert text immediately preceding the cursor position.
+Mnemonic: \fBi\fRnsert
+.IP I{text}<esc> 16
+Insert text at the beginning of the current line.
+.IP o{text}<esc> 16
+Insert a new line after the line on which the cursor appears and
+insert text there.  Mnemonic:  \fBo\fRpen new line
+.IP O{text}<esc> 16
+Insert a new line preceding the line on which the cursor appears
+and insert text there.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Text Deletion
+.LP
+The following commands allow the user to delete text in various ways.
+All changes can always be \fBundone\fR by typing the \fBu\fR command.
+.VL 16
+.IP "[cnt]x" 16
+Delete the character or characters starting at the cursor position.
+.IP "[cnt]X" 16
+Delete the character or characters starting at the character preceding
+the cursor position.
+.IP "D" 16
+Deletes the remainder of the line starting at the cursor.
+Mnemonic: \fBD\fRelete the rest of line
+.IP "[cnt]d{motion}" 16
+.br
+Deletes one or more occurrences of the specified motion.
+Any motion from sections 4.1 and 4.2 can be used here.
+The d can be stuttered (e.g. [cnt]dd) to delete cnt lines.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Text Replacement
+.LP
+The following commands allow the user to simultaneously delete and
+insert new text.  All such actions can be \fBundone\fR by typing
+\fBu\fR following the command.
+.VL 16
+.IP "r<chr>" 16
+Replaces the character at the current cursor position with <chr>.  This
+is a one character replacement.  No <esc> is required for termination.
+Mnemonic:  \fBr\fReplace character
+.IP "R{text}<esc>" 16
+Starts overlaying the characters on the screen with whatever you type.
+It does not stop until an <esc> is typed.
+.IP "[cnt]s{text}<esc>" 16
+Substitute for "cnt" characters beginning at the current cursor
+position.  A "$" will appear at the position in the text where the
+"cnt"'th character appears so you will know how much you are erasing.
+Mnemonic: \fBs\fRubstitute
+.IP "[cnt]S{text}<esc>" 16
+Substitute for the entire current line (or lines).  If no count is given,
+a "$" appears at the end of the current line.  If a count of more than
+1 is given, all the lines to be replaced are deleted before the insertion
+begins.
+.IP "[cnt]c{motion}{text}<esc>" 16
+.br
+Change the specified "motion" by replacing it with the
+insertion text.  A "$" will appear at the end of the last item
+that is being deleted unless the deletion involves whole lines.
+Motion's can be any motion from sections 4.1 or 4.2.
+Stuttering the c (e.g. [cnt]cc) changes cnt lines.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Moving Text
+.LP
+\fBVi\fR provides a number of ways of moving chunks of text around.
+There are nine buffers into which each piece of text which is deleted
+or "yanked" is put in addition to the "undo" buffer.
+The most recent deletion or yank is in the "undo" buffer and also
+usually in buffer
+1, the next most recent in buffer 2, and so forth.  Each new deletion
+pushes down all the older deletions.  Deletions older than 9
+disappear.  There is also
+a set of named registers, a-z, into which text can optionally
+be placed.  If any delete or replacement type command is preceded
+by \fB"<a-z>\fR, that named buffer will contain the text deleted
+after the command is executed.  For example, \fB"a3dd\fR will delete
+three lines starting at the current line and put them in buffer \fB"a\fR.*
+.FS
+* Referring to an upper case letter as a buffer name (A-Z) is the
+same as referring to the lower case letter, except that text placed
+in such a buffer is appended to it instead of replacing it.
+.FE
+There are two more basic commands and
+some variations useful in getting and putting text into a file.
+.VL 16
+.IP ["<a-z>][cnt]y{motion} 16
+.sp 1
+Yank the specified item or "cnt" items and put in the "undo" buffer or
+the specified buffer.  The variety of "items" that can be yanked
+is the same as those that can be deleted with the "d" command or
+changed with the "c" command.  In the same way that "dd" means
+delete the current line and "cc" means replace the current line,
+"yy" means yank the current line.
+.IP ["<a-z>][cnt]Y 16
+Yank the current line or the "cnt" lines starting from the current
+line.  If no buffer is specified, they will go into the "undo" buffer,
+like any delete would.  It is equivalent to "yy".
+Mnemonic:  \fBY\fRank
+.IP ["<a-z>]p 16
+Put "undo" buffer or the specified buffer down \fBafter\fR the cursor.
+If whole lines were yanked or deleted into the buffer, then they will be
+put down on the line following the line the cursor is on.  If
+something else was deleted, like a word or sentence, then it will
+be inserted immediately following the cursor.
+Mnemonic:  \fBp\fRut buffer
+.IP
+It should be noted that text in the named buffers remains there when you
+start editing a new file with the \fB:e file<esc>\fR command.  Since
+this is so, it is possible to copy or delete text from one file and
+carry it over to another file in the buffers.
+However, the undo buffer and the ability to undo are lost when
+changing files.
+.IP ["<a-z>]P 16
+Put "undo" buffer or the specified buffer down \fBbefore\fR the cursor.
+If whole lines where yanked or deleted into the buffer, then they will be
+put down on the line preceding the line the cursor is on.  If
+something else was deleted, like a word or sentence, then it will
+be inserted immediately preceding the cursor.
+.IP [cnt]>{motion} 16
+The shift operator will right shift all the text from the line on which
+the cursor is located to the line where the \fBmotion\fR is located.
+The text is shifted by one \fBshiftwidth\fR.  (See section 6.)
+\fB>>\fR means right shift the current line or lines.
+.IP [cnt]<{motion} 16
+The shift operator will left shift all the text from the line on which
+the cursor is located to the line where the \fBitem\fR is located.
+The text is shifted by one \fBshiftwidth\fR.  (See section 6.)
+\fB<<\fR means left shift the current line or lines.
+Once the line has reached the left margin it is not further affected.
+.IP [cnt]={motion} 16
+Prettyprints the indicated area according to
+.B lisp
+conventions.
+The area should be a lisp s-expression.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Miscellaneous Commands
+.LP
+\fBVi\fR has a number of miscellaneous commands that are very
+useful.  They are:
+.VL 16
+.IP ZZ 16
+This is the normal way to exit from vi.
+If any changes have been made, the file is written out.
+Then you are returned to the shell.
+.IP ^L 16
+Redraw the current screen.  This is useful if someone "write"s you
+while you are in "vi" or if for any reason garbage gets onto the
+screen.
+.IP ^R 16
+On dumb terminals, those not having the "delete line" function
+(the vt100 is such a terminal), \fBvi\fR saves redrawing the
+screen when you delete a line by just marking the line with an
+"@" at the beginning and blanking the line.  If you want to
+actually get rid of the lines marked with "@" and see what the
+page looks like, typing a ^R will do this.
+.IP \s+4.\s0 16
+"Dot" is a particularly useful command.  It repeats the last
+text modifying command.  Therefore you can type a command once and
+then to another place and repeat it by just typing ".".
+.IP u 16
+Perhaps the most important command in the editor,
+u undoes the last command that changed the buffer.
+Mnemonic:  \fBu\fRndo
+.IP U 16
+Undo all the text modifying commands performed on the current line
+since the last time you moved onto it.
+.IP [cnt]J 16
+Join the current line and the following line.  The <nl> is deleted
+and the two lines joined, usually with a space between the
+end of the first line and the beginning of what was the second
+line.  If the first line ended with a "period", then two spaces
+are inserted.
+A count joins the next cnt lines.
+Mnemonic: \fBJ\fRoin lines
+.IP Q 16
+Switch to \fBex\fR editing mode.
+In this mode \fBvi\fR will behave very much like \fBed\fR.
+The editor in this mode will operate on single lines normally and
+will not attempt to keep the "window" up to date.
+Once in this mode it is also possible to switch to the \fBopen\fR
+mode of editing.  By entering the command \fB[line number]open<nl>\fR
+you enter this mode.  It is similar to the normal visual mode
+except the window is only \fBone\fR line long.
+Mnemonic: \fBQ\fRuit visual mode
+.IP ^] 16
+An abbreviation for a tag command.
+The cursor should be positioned at the beginning of a word.
+That word is taken as a tag name, and the tag with that
+name is found as if it had been typed in a :tag command.
+.IP [cnt]!{motion}{UNIX\ cmd}<nl> 16
+.br
+Any UNIX filter
+(e.g. command that reads the standard input and outputs something
+to the standard output) can be sent a section of the current file and
+have the output of the command replace the original text.  Useful
+examples are programs like \fBcb\fR, \fBsort\fR, and
+\fBnroff\fR.  For instance, using \fBsort\fR it would be possible to
+sort a section of the current file into a new list.
+Using \fB!!\fR means take a line or lines starting at the line the
+cursor is currently on and pass them to the UNIX command.
+.B NOTE:
+To just escape to the shell for one command,
+use :!{cmd}<nl>, see section 5.
+.IP z{cnt}<nl> 16
+This resets the current window size to "cnt" lines and redraws the screen.
+.LE
+.NH 2
+Special Insert Characters
+.LP
+There are some characters that have special meanings during
+insert modes.  They are:
+.VL 16
+.IP ^V 16
+During inserts, typing a ^V allows you to quote control characters
+into the file.  Any character typed after the ^V will be inserted
+into the file.
+.IP [^]^D\ or\ [0]^D 16
+<^D> without any argument backs up one \fBshiftwidth\fR.  This is necessary
+to remove indentation that was inserted by the \fBautoindent\fR feature.
+^<^D> temporarily removes all the autoindentation, thus placing the cursor
+at the left margin.  On the next line, the previous indent level will be
+restored.  This is useful for putting "labels" at the left margin.
+0<^D> says remove all autoindents and stay that way.  Thus the cursor
+moves to the left margin and stays there on successive lines until
+<tab>'s are typed.  As with the <tab>, the <^D> is only effective before
+any other "non-autoindent" controlling characters are typed.
+Mnemonic: \fBD\fRelete a shiftwidth
+.IP ^W 16
+If the cursor is sitting on a word, <^W> moves the cursor back to the beginning
+of the word, thus erasing the word from the insert.
+Mnemonic: erase \fBW\fRord
+.IP <bs> 16
+The backspace always serves as an erase during insert modes in addition
+to your normal "erase" character.  To insert a <bs> into your file, use
+the <^V> to quote it.
+.LE
+.NH 1
+\fB:\fR Commands
+.LP
+Typing a ":" during command mode causes \fBvi\fR to put the cursor at
+the bottom on the screen in preparation for a command.  In the
+":" mode, \fBvi\fR can be given most \fBed\fR commands.  It is
+also from this mode that you exit from \fBvi\fR or switch to different
+files.  All commands of this variety are terminated by a <nl>, <cr>,
+or <esc>.
+.VL 16
+.IP ":w[!] [file]" 16
+Causes \fBvi\fR to write out the current text to the disk.  It is
+written to the file you are editing unless "file" is supplied.  If
+"file" is supplied, the write is directed to that file instead.  If
+that file already exists, \fBvi\fR will not perform the write unless
+the "!" is supplied indicating you
+.I really
+want to destroy the older copy of the file.
+.IP :q[!] 16
+Causes \fBvi\fR to exit.  If you have modified the file you are
+looking at currently and haven't written it out, \fBvi\fR will
+refuse to exit unless the "!" is supplied.
+.IP ":e[!] [+[cmd]] [file]" 16
+.sp 1
+Start editing a new file called "file" or start editing the current
+file over again.  The command ":e!" says "ignore the changes I've made
+to this file and start over from the beginning".  It is useful if
+you really mess up the file.  The optional "+" says instead of starting
+at the beginning, start at the "end", or,
+if "cmd" is supplied, execute "cmd" first.
+Useful cases of this are where cmd is "n" (any integer) which starts
+at line number n,
+and "/text", which searches for "text" and starts at the line where
+it is found.
+.IP "^^" 16
+Switch back to the place you were before your last tag command.
+If your last tag command stayed within the file, ^^ returns to that tag.
+If you have no recent tag command, it will return to the
+same place in the previous file that it was showing when you switched
+to the current file.
+.IP ":n[!]" 16
+Start editing the next file in the argument list.  Since \fBvi\fR
+can be called with multiple file names, the ":n" command tells it to
+stop work on the current file and switch to the next file.  If the
+current file was modifies, it has to be written out before the ":n"
+will work or else the "!" must be supplied, which says discard the
+changes I made to the current file.
+.IP ":n[!] file [file file ...]" 16
+.sp
+Replace the current argument list with a new list of files and start
+editing the first file in this new list.
+.IP ":r file" 16
+Read in a copy of "file" on the line after the cursor.
+.IP ":r !cmd" 16
+Execute the "cmd" and take its output and put it into the file after
+the current line.
+.IP ":!cmd" 16
+Execute any UNIX shell command.
+.IP ":ta[!] tag" 16
+.B Vi
+looks in the file named
+.B tags
+in the current directory.
+.B Tags
+is a file of lines in the format:
+.sp 1
+.ti +8
+tag filename \fBvi\fR-search-command
+.sp 1
+If \fBvi\fR finds the tag you specified in the \fB:ta\fR command,
+it stops editing the current file if necessary and if the current file is
+up to date on the disk and switches to the file specified and uses the
+search pattern specified to find the "tagged" item of interest.  This
+is particularly useful when editing multi-file C programs such as the
+operating system.  There is a program called \fBctags\fR which will
+generate an appropriate \fBtags\fR file for C and f77
+programs so that by saying
+\fB:ta function<nl>\fR you will be switched to that function.
+It could also be useful when editing multi-file documents, though the
+\fBtags\fR file would have to be generated manually.
+.LE
+.NH 1
+Special Arrangements for Startup
+.PP
+\fBVi\fR takes the value of \fB$TERM\fR and looks up the characteristics
+of that terminal in the file \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
+If you don't know \fBvi\fR's name for the terminal you are working
+on, look in \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
+.PP
+When \fBvi\fR starts, it attempts to read the variable EXINIT
+from your environment.*
+If that exists, it takes the values in it as the default values
+for certain of its internal constants.  See the section on "Set Values"
+for further details.
+If EXINIT doesn't exist you will get all the normal defaults.
+.FS
+* On version 6 systems
+Instead of EXINIT, put the startup commands in the file .exrc
+in your home directory.
+.FE
+.PP
+Should you inadvertently hang up the phone while inside
+.B vi ,
+or should the computer crash,
+all may not be lost.
+Upon returning to the system, type:
+.DS
+vi \-r file
+.DE
+This will normally recover the file.  If there is more than one
+temporary file for a specific file name, \fBvi\fR recovers the
+newest one.  You can get an older version by recovering the
+file more than once.
+The command "vi -r" without a file name gives you the list of files
+that were saved in the last system crash
+(but
+.I not
+the file just saved when the phone was hung up).
+.NH 1
+Set Commands
+.LP
+\fBVi\fR has a number of internal variables and switches which can be
+set to achieve special affects.
+These options come in three forms, those that are switches, which toggle
+from off to on and back, those that require a numeric value, and those
+that require an alphanumeric string value.
+The toggle options are set by a command of the form:
+.DS
+:set option<nl>
+.DE
+and turned off with the command:
+.DS
+:set nooption<nl>
+.DE
+Commands requiring a value are set with a command of the form:
+.DS
+:set option=value<nl>
+.DE
+To display the value of a specific option type:
+.DS
+:set option?<nl>
+.DE
+To display only those that you have changed type:
+.DS
+:set<nl>
+.DE
+and to display the long table of all the settable parameters and
+their current values type:
+.DS
+:set all<nl>
+.DE
+.PP
+Most of the options have a long form and an abbreviation.  Both are
+listed in the following table as well as the normal default value.
+.PP
+To arrange to have values other than the default used every time you
+enter
+.B vi ,
+place the appropriate
+.B set
+command in EXINIT in your environment, e.g.
+.DS
+EXINIT='set ai aw terse sh=/bin/csh'
+export EXINIT
+.DE
+or
+.DS
+setenv EXINIT 'set ai aw terse sh=/bin/csh'
+.DE
+for
+.B sh
+and
+.B csh ,
+respectively.
+These are usually placed in your .profile or .login.
+If you are running a system without environments (such as version 6)
+you can place the set command in the file .exrc in your home
+directory.
+.VL 16
+.IP autoindent\ ai 16
+Default: noai Type: toggle
+.br
+When in autoindent mode, vi helps you indent code by starting each
+line in the same column as the preceding line.
+Tabbing to the right with <tab> or <^T> will move this boundary to
+the right, and it can be moved to the left with <^D>.
+.IP autoprint\ ap 16
+Default: ap Type: toggle
+.br
+Causes the current line to be printed after each ex text modifying command.
+This is not of much interest in the normal \fBvi\fR visual mode.
+.IP autowrite\ aw 16
+Default: noaw type: toggle
+.br
+Autowrite causes an automatic write to be done if there are unsaved
+changes before certain commands which change files or otherwise
+interact with the outside world.
+These commands are :!, :tag, :next, :rewind, ^^, and ^].
+.IP beautify\ bf 16
+Default: nobf Type: toggle
+.br
+Causes all control characters except <tab>, <nl>, and <ff> to be discarded.
+.IP directory\ dir 16
+Default: dir=/tmp Type: string
+.br
+This is the directory in which \fBvi\fR puts its temporary file.
+.IP errorbells\ eb 16
+Default: noeb Type: toggle
+.br
+Error messages are preceded by a <bell>.
+.IP hardtabs\ ht 16
+Default: hardtabs=8 Type: numeric
+.br
+This option contains the value of hardware tabs in your terminal, or
+of software tabs expanded by the Unix system.
+.IP ignorecase\ ic 16
+Default: noic Type: toggle
+.br
+All upper case characters are mapped to lower case in regular expression
+matching.
+.IP lisp 16
+Default: nolisp Type: toggle
+.br
+Autoindent for \fBlisp\fR code.  The commands \fB( ) [[\fR and \fB]]\fR
+are modified appropriately to affect s-expressions and functions.
+.IP list 16
+Default: nolist Type: toggle
+.br
+All printed lines have the <tab> and <nl> characters displayed visually.
+.IP magic 16
+Default: magic Type: toggle
+.br
+Enable the metacharacters for matching.  These include \fB. * < > [string]
+[^string]\fR and \fB[<chr>-<chr>]\fR.
+.IP number\ nu 16
+Default: nonu Type: toggle
+.br
+Each line is displayed with its line number.
+.IP open 16
+Default: open Type: toggle
+.br
+When set, prevents entering open or visual modes from ex or edit.
+Not of interest from vi.
+.IP optimize\ opt 16
+Default: opt Type: toggle
+.br
+Basically of use only when using the \fBex\fR capabilities.  This
+option prevents automatic <cr>s from taking place,
+and speeds up output of indented lines,
+at the expense of losing typeahead on some versions of UNIX.
+.IP paragraphs\ para 16
+Default: para=IPLPPPQPP\ bp Type: string
+.br
+Each pair of characters in the string indicate \fBnroff\fR macros
+which are to be treated as the beginning of a paragraph for the
+\fB{\fR and \fB}\fR commands.  The default string is for the \fB-ms\fR
+and \fB-mm\fR macros.
+To indicate one letter \fBnroff\fR macros, such as \fB.P\fR or \fB.H\fR,
+quote a space in for the second character position.  For example:
+.sp 1
+.ti +8
+:set paragraphs=P\e bp<nl>
+.sp 1
+would cause \fBvi\fR to consider \fB.P\fR and \fB.bp\fR as paragraph
+delimiters.
+.IP prompt 16
+Default: prompt Type: toggle
+.br
+In
+.B ex
+command mode the prompt character \fB:\fR will be printed when
+\fBex\fR is waiting for a command.  This is not of interest from vi.
+.IP redraw 16
+Default: noredraw Type: toggle
+.br
+On dumb terminals, force the screen to always be up to date,
+by sending great amounts of output.  Useful only at high speeds.
+.IP report 16
+Default: report=5 Type: numeric
+.br
+This sets the threshold for the number of lines modified.  When
+more than this number of lines are modified, removed, or yanked,
+\fBvi\fR will report the number of lines changed at the bottom of
+the screen.
+.IP scroll 16
+Default: scroll={1/2 window} Type: numeric
+.br
+This is the number of lines that the screen scrolls up or down when
+using the <^U> and <^D> commands.
+.IP sections 16
+Default: sections=SHNHH HU Type: string
+.br
+Each two character pair of this string specify \fBnroff\fR macro names
+which are to be treated as the beginning of a section by the
+\fB]]\fR and \fB[[\fR commands.  The default string is for the \fB-ms\fR
+and \fB-mm\fR macros.
+To enter one letter \fBnroff\fR macros, use a quoted space as the
+second character.
+See \fBparagraphs\fR for a fuller explanation.
+.IP shell\ sh 16
+Default: sh=from environment SHELL or /bin/sh   Type: string
+.br
+This is the name of the \fBsh\fR to be used for "escaped" commands.
+.IP shiftwidth\ sw 16
+Default: sw=8 Type: numeric
+.br
+This is the number of spaces that a <^T> or <^D> will move over for
+indenting, and the amount < and > shift by.
+.IP showmatch\ sm 16
+Default: nosm Type: toggle
+.br
+When a \fB)\fR or \fB}\fR is typed, show the matching \fB(\fR or \fB{\fR
+by moving the cursor to it for one second if it is on the current screen.
+.IP slowopen\ slow 16
+Default: terminal dependent Type: toggle
+.br
+On terminals that are slow and unintelligent, this option prevents the
+updating of the screen some of the time to improve speed.
+.IP tabstop\ ts 16
+Default: ts=8 Type: numeric
+.br
+<tab>s are expanded to boundaries that are multiples of this value.
+.IP taglength\ tl 16
+Default: tl=0 Type: numeric
+.br
+If nonzero, tag names are only significant to this many characters.
+.IP term 16
+Default: (from environment \fBTERM\fP, else dumb) Type: string
+.br
+This is the terminal and controls the visual displays.  It cannot be
+changed when in "visual" mode,
+you have to Q to command mode, type a
+set term command, and do ``vi.'' to get back into visual.
+Or exit vi, fix $TERM, and reenter.
+The definitions that drive a particular
+terminal type are found in the file \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
+.IP terse 16
+Default: terse Type: toggle
+.br
+When set, the error diagnostics are short.
+.IP warn 16
+Default: warn Type: toggle
+.br
+The user is warned if she/he tries to escape to
+the shell without writing out the current changes.
+.IP window 16
+Default: window={8 at 600 baud or less, 16 at 1200 baud, and screen
+size \- 1 at 2400 baud or more} Type: numeric
+.br
+This is the number of lines in the window whenever \fBvi\fR must redraw
+an entire screen.  It is useful to make this size smaller if you are
+on a slow line.
+.IP w300,\ w1200,\ w9600
+.br
+These set window, but only within the corresponding speed ranges.
+They are useful in an EXINIT to fine tune window sizes.
+For example,
+.DS
+set w300=4 w1200=12
+.DE
+causes a 4 lines window at speed up to 600 baud, a 12 line window at 1200
+baud, and a full screen (the default) at over 1200 baud.
+.IP wrapscan\ ws 16
+Default: ws Type: toggle
+.br
+Searches will wrap around the end of the file when is option is set.  When
+it is off, the search will terminate when it reaches the end or the
+beginning of the file.
+.IP wrapmargin\ wm 16
+Default: wm=0 Type: numeric
+.br
+\fBVi\fR will automatically insert a <nl> when it finds a natural
+break point (usually a <sp> between words) that occurs within
+"wm" spaces of the right margin.
+Therefore with "wm=0" the option is off.  Setting it to 10 would
+mean that any time you are within 10 spaces of the right margin
+\fBvi\fR would be looking for a <sp> or <tab> which it could
+replace with a <nl>.  This is convenient for people who forget
+to look at the screen while they type.
+(In version 3, wrapmargin behaves more like nroff, in that the
+boundary specified by the distance from the right edge of the screen
+is taken as the rightmost edge of the area where a break is allowed,
+instead of the leftmost edge.)
+.IP writeany\ wa 16
+Default: nowa Type: toggle
+.br
+\fBVi\fR normally makes a number of checks before it writes out a file.
+This prevents the user from inadvertently destroying a file.  When the
+"writeany" option is enabled, \fBvi\fR no longer makes these checks.
+.LE
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.chars b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.chars
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..147c4ff7f2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.chars
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.chars	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.bd S 3
+..pn 21
+.de iP
+.IP "\fB\\$1\fR" \\$2
+..
+.SH
+Appendix: character functions
+.PP
+This appendix gives the uses the editor makes of each character.  The
+characters are presented in their order in the \s-2ASCII\s0 character
+set:  Control characters come first, then most special characters, then
+the digits, upper and then lower case characters.
+.PP
+For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it
+has during an insert.
+If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed.
+Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed;
+a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned
+in a footnote.
+.iP "^@" 15
+Not a command character.
+If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the
+last text inserted, and the insert terminates.  Only 128 characters are
+saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism
+is not available.
+A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation
+(7.5f).
+.iP "^A" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^B" 15
+Backward window.
+A count specifies repetition.
+Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
+.iP "^C" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^D" 15
+As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text.  
+A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered
+for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2).
+During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning
+of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over.
+.iP "^E" 15
+Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving
+the cursor where it is if possible.
+(Version 3 only.)
+.iP "^F" 15
+Forward window.  A count specifies repetition.
+Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
+.iP "^G" 15
+Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-2CR\s0, printing the current file, whether
+it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines
+in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file that you
+are.
+.iP "^H (\fR\s-2BS\s0\fP)" 15
+Same as
+.B "left arrow" .
+(See
+.B h ).
+During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it
+but not erasing it; it remains so you can see what you typed if you
+wish to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5).
+.iP "^I\ (\fR\s-2TAB\s0\fP)" 15
+Not a command character.
+When inserted it prints as some
+number of spaces.
+When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces
+which represent the tab.
+The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6).
+.iP "^J\ (\fR\s-2LF\s0\fP)" 15
+Same as
+.B "down arrow"
+(see
+.B j ).
+.iP "^K" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^L" 15
+The \s-2ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared
+and redrawn.  This is useful after a transmission error, if characters
+typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen,
+or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f).
+.iP "^M\ (\fR\s-2CR\s0\fP)" 15
+A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position
+in the line.  Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3).
+During an insert, a \s-2CR\s0 causes the insert to continue onto
+another line (3.1).
+.iP "^N" 15
+Same as
+.B "down arrow"
+(see
+.B j ).
+.iP "^O" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^P" 15
+Same as
+.B "up arrow"
+(see
+.B k ).
+.iP "^Q" 15
+Not a command character.
+In input mode,
+.B ^Q
+quotes the next character, the same as
+.B ^V ,
+except that some teletype drivers will eat the
+.B ^Q
+so that the editor never sees it.
+.iP "^R" 15
+Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding
+to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them).
+On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line
+(5.4, 7.2, 7.8).
+.iP "^S" 15
+Unused.  Some teletype drivers use
+.B ^S
+to suspend output until
+.B ^Q is pressed.
+.iP "^T" 15
+Not a command character.
+During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the
+line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space.
+.iP "^U" 15
+Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down.  Counts work as
+they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both.
+On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing
+the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2).
+.iP "^V" 15
+Not a command character.
+In input mode, quotes the next character so that it is possible
+to insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5).
+.iP "^W" 15
+Not a command character.
+During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted
+characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5).
+.iP "^X" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^Y" 15
+Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where
+it is if possible.  (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next
+to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.)
+(Version 3 only.)
+.iP "^Z" 15
+If supported by the Unix system,
+stops the editor, exiting to the top level shell.
+Same as \fB:stop\fP\s-2CR\s0.
+Otherwise, unused.
+.iP "^[\ (\fR\s-2ESC\s0\fP)" 15
+Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following
+character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read
+by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text
+into the buffer.
+If an \s-2ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor
+rings the bell or flashes the screen.  You can thus hit \s-2ESC\s0 if
+you don't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell.
+If you don't know if you are in insert mode you can type \s-2ESC\s0\fBa\fR,
+and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly
+whether or not you were in insert mode when you started (1.5, 3.1, 7.5).
+.iP "^\e" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^]" 15
+Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag.  Equivalent
+to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then a \s-2CR\s0.
+Mnemonically, this command is ``go right to'' (7.3).
+.iP "^\(ua" 15
+Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-2CR\s0, returning to the previous position
+in the last edited file, or editing a file which you specified if you
+got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and do not want to have
+to type the file name again (7.3).
+(You have to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^\(ua\fR
+will work in this case.  If you do not wish to write the file you should
+do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-2CR\s0 instead.)
+.iP "^_" 15
+Unused.
+Reserved as the command character for the
+Tektronix 4025 and 4027 terminal.
+.iP "\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP" 15
+Same as
+.B "right arrow"
+(see
+.B l ).
+.iP "!" 15
+An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands.
+Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name
+terminated by \s-2CR\s0.  Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count
+causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count
+is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR.  Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-2CR\s0
+reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program
+\fIfmt\fR.  If you are working on \s-2LISP\s0,
+the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-2CR\s0,*
+.FS
+*Both
+.I fmt
+and
+.I grind
+are Berkeley programs and may not be present at all installations.
+.FE
+given at the beginning of a
+function, will run the text of the function through the \s-2LISP\s0 grinder
+(6.7, 7.3).
+To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer use \fB:r\fR (7.3).
+To simply execute a command use \fB:!\fR (7.3).
+.tr "
+.iP  15
+Precedes a named buffer specification.  There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR
+used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which you can
+place text (4.3, 6.3)
+.tr 
+.iP "#" 15
+The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute
+for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9).
+In input mode, 
+if this is your erase character, it will delete the last character
+you typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert
+it, since it normally backs over the last input character you gave.
+.iP "$" 15
+Moves to the end of the current line.  If you \fB:se list\fR\s-2CR\s0,
+then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the
+end of the displayed text in the line.  Given a count, advances to the
+count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the
+following line.
+.iP "%" 15
+Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis
+or brace at the current cursor position.
+.iP "&" 15
+A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-2CR\s0, by analogy with the
+.I ex
+.B &
+command.
+.iP "\(aa" 15
+When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the
+beginning of a line.  The previous context is set whenever the current
+line is moved in a non-relative way.
+When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which
+was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white
+character in the line. (2.2, 5.3).
+When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place
+over complete lines; if you use \fB\(ga\fR, the operation takes place
+from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the
+line.
+.iP "(" 15
+Retreats to the beginning of a
+sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-2LISP\s0 s-expression
+if the \fIlisp\fR option is set.
+A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either
+the end of a line or by two spaces.  Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR
+and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR,
+and before the spaces or end of line.  Sentences also begin
+at paragraph and section boundaries
+(see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below).
+A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8).
+.iP ")" 15
+Advances to the beginning of a sentence.
+A count repeats the effect.
+See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8).
+.iP "*" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "+" 15
+Same as \s-2CR\s0 when used as a command.
+.iP "," 15
+Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way
+in the current line.  Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR
+characters.  A count repeats the search.
+.iP "\-" 15
+Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character.
+This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-2RETURN\s0.
+If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or
+cleared and redrawn if this is not possible.
+If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared
+and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3).
+.iP "\&." 15
+Repeats the last command which changed the buffer.  Especially useful
+when deleting words or lines; you can delete some words/lines and then
+hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines.
+Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated.  Thus after
+a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4).
+.iP "/" 15
+Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for
+the next occurrence of this string.  The normal input editing sequences may
+be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state
+without ever searching.
+The search begins when you hit \s-2CR\s0 to terminate the pattern;
+the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search
+is in progress; the search may then
+be terminated with a \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0, or by backspacing when
+at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to
+its initial position.
+Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string
+anywhere in the buffer.
+.IP
+When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected.
+By mentioning an
+offset from the line matched by the pattern you can force whole lines
+to be affected.  To do this give a pattern with a closing
+a closing \fB/\fR and then an offset \fB+\fR\fIn\fR or \fB\-\fR\fIn\fR.
+.IP
+To include the character \fB/\fR in the search string, you must escape
+it with a preceding \fB\e\fR.
+A \fB\(ua\fR at the beginning of the pattern forces the match to occur
+at the beginning of a line only; this speeds the search.  A \fB$\fR at
+the end of the pattern forces the match to occur at the end of a line
+only.
+More extended pattern matching is available, see section 7.4;
+unless you set \fBnomagic\fR in your \fI\&.exrc\fR file you will have
+to preceed the characters \fB. [ *\fR and \fB~\fR in the search pattern
+with a \fB\e\fR to get them to work as you would naively expect (1.5, 2,2,
+6.1, 7.2, 7.4).
+.iP "0" 15
+Moves to the first character on the current line.
+Also used, in forming numbers, after an initial \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR.
+.iP "1\-9" 15
+Used to form numeric arguments to commands (2.3, 7.2).
+.iP ":" 15
+A prefix to a set of commands for file and option manipulation and escapes
+to the system.  Input is given on the bottom line and terminated with
+an \s-2CR\s0, and the command then executed.  You can return to where
+you were by hitting \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0 if you hit \fB:\fR accidentally
+(see primarily 6.2 and 7.3).
+.iP ";" 15
+Repeats the last single character find which used \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR.
+A count iterates the basic scan (4.1).
+.iP "<" 15
+An operator which shifts lines left one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8
+spaces.  Like all operators, affects lines when repeated, as in
+\fB<<\fR.  Counts are passed through to the basic object, thus \fB3<<\fR
+shifts three lines (6.6, 7.2).
+.iP "=" 15
+Reindents line for \s-2LISP\s0, as though they were typed in with \fIlisp\fR
+and \fIautoindent\fR set (6.8).
+.iP ">" 15
+An operator which shifts lines right one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8
+spaces.  Affects lines when repeated as in \fB>>\fR.  Counts repeat the
+basic object (6.6, 7.2).
+.iP "?" 15
+Scans backwards, the opposite of \fB/\fR.  See the \fB/\fR description
+above for details on scanning (2.2, 6.1, 7.4).
+.iP "@" 15
+A macro character (6.9).  If this is your kill character, you must escape it with a \e
+to type it in during input mode, as it normally backs over the input you
+have given on the current line (3.1, 3.4, 7.5).
+.iP "A" 15
+Appends at the end of line, a synonym for \fB$a\fR (7.2).
+.iP "B" 15
+Backs up a word, where words are composed of non-blank sequences, placing
+the cursor at the beginning of the word.  A count repeats the effect
+(2.4).
+.iP "C" 15
+Changes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBc$\fR.
+.iP "D" 15
+Deletes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBd$\fR.
+.iP "E" 15
+Moves forward to the end of a word, defined as blanks and non-blanks,
+like \fBB\fR and \fBW\fR.  A count repeats the effect.
+.iP "F" 15
+Finds a single following character, backwards in the current line.
+A count repeats this search that many times (4.1).
+.iP "G" 15
+Goes to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the
+file if no preceding count is given.  The screen is redrawn with the
+new current line in the center if necessary (7.2).
+.iP "H" 15
+.B "Home arrow" .
+Homes the cursor to the top line on the screen.  If a count is given,
+then the cursor is moved to the count'th line on the screen.
+In any case the cursor is moved to the first non-white character on the
+line.  If used as the target of an operator, full lines are affected
+(2.3, 3.2).
+.iP "I" 15
+Inserts at the beginning of a line; a synonym for \fB\(uai\fR.
+.iP "J" 15
+Joins together lines, supplying appropriate white space: one space between
+words, two spaces after a \fB.\fR, and no spaces at all if the first
+character of the joined on line is \fB)\fR.  A count causes that many
+lines to be joined rather than the default two (6.5, 7.1f).
+.iP "K" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "L" 15
+Moves the cursor to the first non-white character of the last line on
+the screen.  With a count, to the first non-white of the count'th line
+from the bottom.  Operators affect whole lines when used with \fBL\fR
+(2.3).
+.iP "M" 15
+Moves the cursor to the middle line on the screen, at the first non-white
+position on the line (2.3).
+.iP "N" 15
+Scans for the next match of the last pattern given to
+\fB/\fR or \fB?\fR, but in the reverse direction; this is the reverse
+of \fBn\fR.
+.iP "O" 15
+Opens a new line above the current line and inputs text there up to an
+\s-2ESC\s0.  A count can be used on dumb terminals to specify a number
+of lines to be opened; this is generally obsolete, as the \fIslowopen\fR
+option works better (3.1).
+.iP "P" 15
+Puts the last deleted text back before/above the cursor.  The text goes
+back as whole lines above the cursor if it was deleted as whole lines.
+Otherwise the text is inserted between the characters before and at the
+cursor.  May be preceded by a named buffer specification \fB"\fR\fIx\fR
+to retrieve the contents of the buffer; buffers \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR contain
+deleted material, buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR are available for general
+use (6.3).
+.iP "Q" 15
+Quits from \fIvi\fR to \fIex\fR command mode.  In this mode, whole lines
+form commands, ending with a \s-2RETURN\s0.  You can give all the \fB:\fR
+commands; the editor supplies the \fB:\fR as a prompt (7.7).
+.iP "R" 15
+Replaces characters on the screen with characters you type (overlay fashion).
+Terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0.
+.iP "S" 15
+Changes whole lines, a synonym for \fBcc\fR.  A count substitutes for
+that many lines.  The lines are saved in the numeric buffers, and erased
+on the screen before the substitution begins.
+.iP "T" 15
+Takes a single following character, locates the character before the
+cursor in the current line, and places the cursor just after that character.
+A count repeats the effect.  Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR
+(4.1).
+.iP "U" 15
+Restores the current line to its state before you started changing it
+(3.5).
+.iP "V" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "W" 15
+Moves forward to the beginning of a word in the current line,
+where words are defined as sequences of blank/non-blank characters.
+A count repeats the effect (2.4).
+.iP "X" 15
+Deletes the character before the cursor.  A count repeats the effect,
+but only characters on the current line are deleted.
+.iP "Y" 15
+Yanks a copy of the current line into the unnamed buffer, to be put back
+by a later \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR; a very useful synonym for \fByy\fR. 
+A count yanks that many lines.  May be preceded by a buffer name to put
+lines in that buffer (7.4).
+.iP "ZZ" 15
+Exits the editor.
+(Same as \fB:x\fP\s-2CR\s0.)
+If any changes have been made, the buffer is written out to the current file.
+Then the editor quits.
+.iP "[[" 15
+Backs up to the previous section boundary.  A section begins at each
+macro in the \fIsections\fR option,
+normally a `.NH' or `.SH' and also at lines which which start
+with a formfeed \fB^L\fR.  Lines beginning with \fB{\fR also stop \fB[[\fR;
+this makes it useful for looking backwards, a function at a time, in C
+programs.  If the option \fIlisp\fR is set, stops at each \fB(\fR at the
+beginning of a line, and is thus useful for moving backwards at the top
+level \s-2LISP\s0 objects. (4.2, 6.1, 6.6, 7.2).
+.iP "\e" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "]]" 15
+Forward to a section boundary, see \fB[[\fR for a definition (4.2, 6.1,
+6.6, 7.2).
+.iP "\(ua" 15
+Moves to the first non-white position on the current line (4.4).
+.iP "_" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "\(ga" 15
+When followed by a \fB\(ga\fR returns to the previous context.
+The previous context is set whenever the current
+line is moved in a non-relative way.
+When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the position which
+was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command.
+When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place
+from the exact marked place to the current position within the line;
+if you use \fB\(aa\fR, the operation takes place over complete lines
+(2.2, 5.3).
+.iP "a" 15
+Appends arbitrary text after the current cursor position; the insert
+can continue onto multiple lines by using \s-2RETURN\s0 within the insert.
+A count causes the inserted text to be replicated, but only if the inserted
+text is all on one line.
+The insertion terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0 (3.1, 7.2).
+.iP "b" 15
+Backs up to the beginning of a word in the current line.  A word is a
+sequence of alphanumerics, or a sequence of special characters.
+A count repeats the effect (2.4).
+.iP "c" 15
+An operator which changes the following object, replacing it with the
+following input text up to an \s-2ESC\s0.  If more than part of a single
+line is affected, the text which is changed away is saved in the numeric named
+buffers.  If only part of the current line is affected, then the last
+character to be changed away is marked with a \fB$\fR.
+A count causes that many objects to be affected, thus both
+\fB3c)\fR and \fBc3)\fR change the following three sentences (7.4).
+.iP "d" 15
+An operator which deletes the following object.  If more than part of
+a line is affected, the text is saved in the numeric buffers.
+A count causes that many objects to be affected; thus \fB3dw\fR is the
+same as \fBd3w\fR (3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 7.4).
+.iP "e" 15
+Advances to the end of the next word, defined as for \fBb\fR and \fBw\fR.
+A count repeats the effect (2.4, 3.1).
+.iP "f" 15
+Finds the first instance of the next character following the cursor on
+the current line.  A count repeats the find (4.1).
+.iP "g" 15
+Unused.
+.sp
+Arrow keys
+.B h ,
+.B j ,
+.B k ,
+.B l ,
+and
+.B H .
+.iP "h" 15
+.B "Left arrow" .
+Moves the cursor one character to the left.
+Like the other arrow keys, either
+.B h ,
+the
+.B "left arrow"
+key, or one of the synonyms (\fB^H\fP) has the same effect.
+On v2 editors, arrow keys on certain kinds of terminals
+(those which send escape sequences, such as vt52, c100, or hp)
+cannot be used.
+A count repeats the effect (3.1, 7.5).
+.iP "i" 15
+Inserts text before the cursor, otherwise like \fBa\fR (7.2).
+.iP "j" 15
+.B "Down arrow" .
+Moves the cursor one line down in the same column.
+If the position does not exist,
+.I vi
+comes as close as possible to the same column.
+Synonyms include
+.B ^J
+(linefeed) and
+.B ^N .
+.iP "k" 15
+.B "Up arrow" .
+Moves the cursor one line up.
+.B ^P
+is a synonym.
+.iP "l" 15
+.B "Right arrow" .
+Moves the cursor one character to the right.
+\s-2SPACE\s0 is a synonym.
+.iP "m" 15
+Marks the current position of the cursor in the mark register which is
+specified by the next character \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR.  Return to this position
+or use with an operator using \fB\(ga\fR or \fB\(aa\fR (5.3).
+.iP "n" 15
+Repeats the last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR scanning commands (2.2).
+.iP "o" 15
+Opens new lines below the current line; otherwise like \fBO\fR (3.1).
+.iP "p" 15
+Puts text after/below the cursor; otherwise like \fBP\fR (6.3).
+.iP "q" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "r" 15
+Replaces the single character at the cursor with a single character you
+type.  The new character may be a \s-2RETURN\s0; this is the easiest
+way to split lines.  A count replaces each of the following count characters
+with the single character given; see \fBR\fR above which is the more
+usually useful iteration of \fBr\fR (3.2).
+.iP "s" 15
+Changes the single character under the cursor to the text which follows
+up to an \s-2ESC\s0; given a count, that many characters from the current
+line are changed.  The last character to be changed is marked with \fB$\fR
+as in \fBc\fR (3.2).
+.iP "t" 15
+Advances the cursor upto the character before the next character typed.
+Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR and \fBc\fR to delete the
+characters up to a following character.  You can use \fB.\fR to delete
+more if this doesn't delete enough the first time (4.1).
+.iP "u" 15
+Undoes the last change made to the current buffer.  If repeated, will
+alternate between these two states, thus is its own inverse. When used
+after an insert which inserted text on more than one line, the lines are
+saved in the numeric named buffers (3.5).
+.iP "v" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "w" 15
+Advances to the beginning of the next word, as defined by \fBb\fR (2.4).
+.iP "x" 15
+Deletes the single character under the cursor.  With a count deletes
+deletes that many characters forward from the cursor position, but only
+on the current line (6.5).
+.iP "y" 15
+An operator, yanks the following object into the unnamed temporary buffer.
+If preceded by a named buffer specification, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR, the text
+is placed in that buffer also.  Text can be recovered by a later \fBp\fR
+or \fBP\fR (7.4).
+.iP "z" 15
+Redraws the screen with the current line placed as specified by the following
+character: \s-2RETURN\s0 specifies the top of the screen, \fB.\fR the
+center of the screen, and \fB\-\fR at the bottom of the screen.
+A count may be given after the \fBz\fR and before the following character
+to specify the new screen size for the redraw.
+A count before the \fBz\fR gives the number of the line to place in the
+center of the screen instead of the default current line. (5.4)
+.iP "{" 15
+Retreats to the beginning of the beginning of the preceding paragraph.
+A paragraph begins at each macro in the \fIparagraphs\fR option, normally
+`.IP', `.LP', `.PP', `.QP' and `.bp'.
+A paragraph also begins after a completely
+empty line, and at each section boundary (see \fB[[\fR above) (4.2, 6.8,
+7.6).
+.iP "|" 15
+Places the cursor on the character in the column specified
+by the count (7.1, 7.2).
+.iP "}" 15
+Advances to the beginning of the next paragraph.  See \fB{\fR for the
+definition of paragraph (4.2, 6.8, 7.6).
+.iP "~" 15
+Unused.
+.iP "^?\ (\s-2\fRDEL\fP\s0)" 15
+Interrupts the editor, returning it to command accepting state (1.5,
+7.5)
+.bp
+\&.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.in b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3bdfeb95b65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.in
@@ -0,0 +1,2064 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.in	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.EH 'USD:12-%''An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi'
+.OH 'An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi''USD:12-%'
+.bd S 3
+.if t .ds dg \(dg
+.if n .ds dg +
+.if t .ds dd \(dd
+.if n .ds dd ++
+.\".RP
+.TL
+An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
+.AU
+William Joy
+.AU
+Mark Horton
+.AI
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, Ca.  94720
+.AB
+.PP
+.I Vi
+(visual) is a display oriented interactive text editor.
+When using
+.I vi
+the screen of your terminal acts as a window into the file which you
+are editing.  Changes which you make to the file are reflected
+in what you see.
+.PP
+Using
+.I vi
+you can insert new text any place in the file quite easily.
+Most of the commands to
+.I vi
+move the cursor around in the file.
+There are commands to move the cursor
+forward and backward in units of characters, words,
+sentences and paragraphs.
+A small set of operators, like
+.B d
+for delete and
+.B c
+for change, are combined with the motion commands to form operations
+such as delete word or change paragraph, in a simple and natural way.
+This regularity and the mnemonic assignment of commands to keys makes the
+editor command set easy to remember and to use.
+.PP
+.I Vi
+will work on a large number of display terminals,
+and new terminals are easily driven after editing a terminal description file.
+While it is advantageous to have an intelligent terminal which can locally
+insert and delete lines and characters from the display, the editor will
+function quite well on dumb terminals over slow phone lines.
+The editor makes allowance for the low bandwidth in these situations
+and uses smaller window sizes and
+different display updating algorithms to make best use of the
+limited speed available.
+.PP
+It is also possible to use the command set of
+.I vi
+on hardcopy terminals, storage tubes and ``glass tty's'' using a one line
+editing window; thus
+.I vi's
+command set is available on all terminals.
+The full command set of the more traditional, line
+oriented editor
+.I ex
+is available within
+.I vi;
+it is quite simple to switch between the two modes of editing.
+.AE
+.NH 1
+Getting started
+.PP
+.FS
+The financial support of an \s-2IBM\s0 Graduate Fellowship and the
+National Science Foundation under grants MCS74-07644-A03 and MCS78-07291
+is gratefully acknowledged.
+.FE
+This document provides a quick introduction to
+.I vi.
+(Pronounced \fIvee-eye\fP.)
+You should be running
+.I vi
+on a file you are familiar with while you are reading this.
+The first part of this document (sections 1 through 5)
+describes the basics of using
+.I vi.
+Some topics of special interest are presented in section 6, and 
+some nitty-gritty details of how the editor functions are saved for section
+7 to avoid cluttering the presentation here.
+.PP
+There is also a short appendix here, which gives for each character the
+special meanings which this character has in \fIvi\fR.  Attached to
+this document should be a quick reference card.
+This card summarizes the commands of
+.I vi
+in a very compact format.  You should have the card handy while you are
+learning
+.I vi.
+.NH 2
+Specifying terminal type
+.PP
+Before you can start
+.I vi
+you must tell the system what kind of terminal you are using.
+Here is a (necessarily incomplete) list of terminal type codes.
+If your terminal does not appear here, you should consult with one of
+the staff members on your system to find out the code for your terminal.
+If your terminal does not have a code, one can be assigned and a description
+for the terminal can be created.
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+ab ab ab
+a a a.
+Code	Full name	Type
+_
+2621	Hewlett-Packard 2621A/P	Intelligent
+2645	Hewlett-Packard 264x	Intelligent
+act4	Microterm ACT-IV	Dumb
+act5	Microterm ACT-V	Dumb
+adm3a	Lear Siegler ADM-3a	Dumb
+adm31	Lear Siegler ADM-31	Intelligent
+c100	Human Design Concept 100	Intelligent
+dm1520	Datamedia 1520	Dumb
+dm2500	Datamedia 2500	Intelligent
+dm3025	Datamedia 3025	Intelligent
+fox	Perkin-Elmer Fox	Dumb
+h1500	Hazeltine 1500	Intelligent
+h19	Heathkit h19	Intelligent
+i100	Infoton 100	Intelligent
+mime	Imitating a smart act4	Intelligent
+t1061	Teleray 1061	Intelligent
+vt52	Dec VT-52	Dumb
+.TE
+.PP
+Suppose for example that you have a Hewlett-Packard HP2621A
+terminal.  The code used by the system for this terminal is `2621'.
+In this case you can use one of the following commands to tell the system
+the type of your terminal:
+.DS
+% \fBsetenv TERM\fP 2621
+.DE
+This command works with the
+.I csh
+shell.
+If you are using the standard Bourne shell
+.I sh
+then you should give the commands
+.DS
+$ \fBTERM=\fP2621
+$ \fBexport TERM\fP
+.DE
+.PP
+If you want to arrange to have your terminal type set up automatically
+when you log in, you can use the
+.I tset
+program.
+If you dial in on a
+.I mime ,
+but often use hardwired ports, a typical line for your
+.I .login
+file (if you use csh) would be
+.DS
+\fBsetenv TERM \(gatset\fP \- \-d mime\(ga
+.DE
+or for your
+.I .profile
+file (if you use sh)
+.DS
+\fBTERM=\(gatse\fPt \- \-d mime\(ga
+.DE
+.I Tset
+knows which terminals are hardwired to each port
+and needs only to be told that when you dial in you
+are probably on a
+.I mime .
+.I Tset
+is usually used to change the erase and kill characters, too.
+.NH 2
+Editing a file
+.PP
+After telling the system which kind of terminal you have, you should
+make a copy of a file you are familiar with, and run
+.I vi
+on this file, giving the command
+.DS
+% \fBvi\fR \fIname\fR
+.DE
+replacing \fIname\fR with the name of the copy file you just created.
+The screen should clear and the text of your file should appear on the
+screen.  If something else happens refer to the footnote.\*(dd
+.FS
+\*(dd If you gave the system an incorrect terminal type code then the
+editor may have just made a mess out of your screen.  This happens when
+it sends control codes for one kind of terminal to some other
+kind of terminal.  In this case hit
+the keys \fB:q\fR (colon and the q key) and then hit the \s-2RETURN\s0 key.
+This should get you back to the command level interpreter.
+Figure out what you did wrong (ask someone else if necessary) and try again.
+     Another thing which can go wrong is that you typed the wrong file name and
+the editor just printed an error diagnostic.  In this case you should
+follow the above procedure for getting out of the editor, and try again
+this time spelling the file name correctly.
+     If the editor doesn't seem to respond to the commands which you type
+here, try sending an interrupt to it by hitting the \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0
+key on your terminal, and then hitting the \fB:q\fR command again followed
+by a carriage return.
+.sp
+.FE
+.NH 2
+The editor's copy: the buffer
+.PP
+The editor does not directly modify the file which you are editing. 
+Rather, the editor makes a copy of this file, in a place called the
+.I buffer,
+and remembers the file's
+name.  You do not affect the contents of the file unless and until you
+write the changes you make back into the original file.
+.NH 2
+Notational conventions
+.PP
+In our examples, input which must be typed as is will be presented in
+\fBbold face\fR. Text which should be replaced with appropriate input
+will be given in \fIitalics\fR.  We will represent special characters
+in \s-2SMALL CAPITALS\s0.
+.NH 2
+Arrow keys
+.PP
+The editor command set is independent of the terminal
+you are using.  On most terminals with cursor positioning keys, these keys
+will also work within the editor.
+If you don't have cursor positioning keys, or even if you do, you can use
+the \fBh j k\fR and \fBl\fR keys as cursor positioning
+keys (these are labelled with arrows on an
+.I adm3a).*
+.PP
+(Particular note for the HP2621: on this terminal the function keys
+must be \fIshifted\fR (ick) to send to the machine, otherwise they
+only act locally.  Unshifted use will leave the cursor positioned
+incorrectly.)
+.FS
+* As we will see later,
+.I h
+moves back to the left (like control-h which is a backspace),
+.I j
+moves down (in the same column),
+.I k
+moves up (in the same column),
+and
+.I l
+moves to the right.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Special characters: \s-2ESC\s0, \s-2CR\s0 and \s-2DEL\s0
+.PP
+Several of these special characters are very important, so be sure to
+find them right now.  Look on your keyboard for a key labelled \s-2ESC\s0
+or \s-2ALT\s0.  It should be near the upper left corner of your terminal.
+Try hitting this key a few times.  The editor will ring the bell
+to indicate that it is in a quiescent state.\*(dd
+.FS
+\*(dd On smart terminals where it is possible, the editor will quietly
+flash the screen rather than ringing the bell.
+.FE
+Partially formed commands are cancelled by \s-2ESC\s0, and when you insert
+text in the file you end the text insertion
+with \s-2ESC\s0.  This key is a fairly
+harmless one to hit, so you can just hit it if you don't know
+what is going on until the editor rings the bell.
+.PP
+The \s-2CR\s0 or \s-2RETURN\s0 key is important because it is used
+to terminate certain commands.
+It is usually at the right side of the keyboard,
+and is the same command used at the end of each shell command.
+.PP
+Another very useful key is the \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0 key, which generates
+an interrupt, telling the editor to stop what it is doing.
+It is a forceful way of making the editor listen
+to you, or to return it to the quiescent state if you don't know or don't
+like what is going on.  Try hitting the `/' key on your terminal.  This
+key is used when you want to specify a string to be searched for.  The
+cursor should now be positioned at the bottom line of the terminal after
+a `/' printed as a prompt.  You can get the cursor back to the current
+position by hitting the \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0 key; try this now.*
+.FS
+* Backspacing over the `/' will also cancel the search.
+.FE
+From now on we will simply refer to hitting the \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0
+key as ``sending an interrupt.''**
+.FS
+** On some systems, this interruptibility comes at a price: you cannot type
+ahead when the editor is computing with the cursor on the bottom line.
+.FE
+.PP
+The editor often echoes your commands on the last line of the terminal.
+If the cursor is on the first position of this last line, then the editor
+is performing a computation, such as computing a new position in the
+file after a search or running a command to reformat part of the buffer.
+When this is happening you can stop the editor by
+sending an interrupt.
+.NH 2
+Getting out of the editor
+.PP
+After you have worked with this introduction for a while, and you wish
+to do something else, you can give the command \fBZZ\fP
+to the editor.
+This will write the contents of the editor's buffer back into
+the file you are editing, if you made any changes, and then quit from
+the editor.  You can also end an editor
+session by giving the command \fB:q!\fR\s-2CR\s0;\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg All commands which read from the last display line can also be
+terminated with a \s-2ESC\s0 as well as an \s-2CR\s0.
+.FE
+this is a dangerous but occasionally essential
+command which ends the editor session and discards all your changes.
+You need to know about this command in case you change the editor's
+copy of a file you wish only to look at.  Be very careful
+not to give this command when you really want to save
+the changes you have made.
+.NH 1
+Moving around in the file
+.NH 2
+Scrolling and paging
+.PP
+The editor has a number of commands for moving around in the file.
+The most useful of these is generated by hitting the control and D keys
+at the same time, a control-D or `^D'.  We will use this two character
+notation for referring to these control keys from now on.  You may have
+a key labelled `^' on your terminal.  This key will be represented as `\(ua'
+in this document; `^' is exclusively used as part of the `^x' notation
+for control characters.\*(dd
+.FS
+\*(dd If you don't have a `^' key on your terminal
+then there is probably a key labelled `\(ua'; in any case these characters
+are one and the same.
+.FE
+.PP
+As you know now if you tried hitting \fB^D\fR, this command scrolls down in
+the file.  The \fBD\fR thus stands for down.  Many editor commands are mnemonic
+and this makes them much easier to remember.  For instance the command
+to scroll up is \fB^U\fR.  Many dumb terminals can't scroll up at all, in which
+case hitting \fB^U\fR clears the screen and refreshes it
+with a line which is farther back in the file at the top.
+.PP
+If you want to see more of the file below where you are, you can
+hit \fB^E\fR to expose one more line at the bottom of the screen,
+leaving the cursor where it is.
+The command \fB^Y\fR (which is hopelessly non-mnemonic, but next to \fB^U\fR
+on the keyboard) exposes one more line at the top of the screen.
+.PP
+There are other ways to move around in the file; the keys \fB^F\fR and \fB^B\fR
+move forward and backward a page,
+keeping a couple of lines of continuity between screens
+so that it is possible to read through a file using these rather than
+\fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR if you wish.
+.PP
+Notice the difference between scrolling and paging.  If you are trying
+to read the text in a file, hitting \fB^F\fR to move forward a page
+will leave you only a little context to look back at.  Scrolling on the
+other hand leaves more context, and happens more smoothly.  You can continue
+to read the text as scrolling is taking place.
+.NH 2
+Searching, goto, and previous context
+.PP
+Another way to position yourself in the file is by giving the editor a string
+to search for.  Type the character \fB/\fR followed by a string of characters
+terminated by \s-2CR\s0.  The editor will position the cursor
+at the next occurrence of this string.
+Try hitting \fBn\fR to then go to the next occurrence of this string.
+The character \fB?\fR will search backwards from where you are, and is
+otherwise like \fB/\fR.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg These searches will normally wrap around the end of the file, and thus
+find the string even if it is not on a line in the direction you search
+provided it is anywhere else in the file.  You can disable this wraparound
+in scans by giving the command \fB:se nowrapscan\fR\s-2CR\s0,
+or more briefly \fB:se nows\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+.FE
+.PP
+If the search string you give the editor is not present in the
+file the editor will print
+a diagnostic on the last line of the screen, and the cursor will be returned
+to its initial position.
+.PP
+If you wish the search to match only at the beginning of a line, begin
+the search string with an \fB\(ua\fR.  To match only at the end of
+a line, end the search string with a \fB$\fR.
+Thus \fB/\(uasearch\fR\s-2CR\s0 will search for the word `search' at
+the beginning of a line, and \fB/last$\fR\s-2CR\s0 searches for the
+word `last' at the end of a line.*
+.FS
+*Actually, the string you give to search for here can be a
+.I "regular expression"
+in the sense of the editors
+.I ex (1)
+and
+.I ed (1).
+If you don't wish to learn about this yet, you can disable this more
+general facility by doing
+\fB:se\ nomagic\fR\s-2CR\s0;
+by putting this command in
+EXINIT
+in your environment, you can have this always be in effect (more
+about
+.I EXINIT
+later.)
+.FE
+.PP
+The command \fBG\fR, when preceded by a number will position the cursor
+at that line in the file.
+Thus \fB1G\fR will move the cursor to
+the first line of the file.  If you give \fBG\fR no count, then it moves
+to the end of the file.
+.PP
+If you are near the end of the file, and the last line is not at the bottom
+of the screen, the editor will place only the character `~' on each remaining
+line.  This indicates that the last line in the file is on the screen;
+that is, the `~' lines are past the end of the file.
+.PP
+You can find out the state of the file you are editing by typing a \fB^G\fR.
+The editor will show you the name of the file you are editing, the number
+of the current line, the number of lines in the buffer, and the percentage
+of the way through the buffer which you are.
+Try doing this now, and remember the number of the line you are on.
+Give a \fBG\fR command to get to the end and then another \fBG\fR command
+to get back where you were.
+.PP
+You can also get back to a previous position by using the command
+\fB\(ga\(ga\fR (two back quotes).
+This is often more convenient than \fBG\fR because it requires no advance
+preparation.
+Try giving a \fBG\fR or a search with \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR and then a
+\fB\(ga\(ga\fR to get back to where you were.  If you accidentally hit
+\fBn\fR or any command which moves you far away from a context of interest, you
+can quickly get back by hitting \fB\(ga\(ga\fR.
+.NH 2
+Moving around on the screen
+.PP
+Now try just moving the cursor around on the screen.
+If your terminal has arrow keys (4 or 5 keys with arrows
+going in each direction) try them and convince yourself
+that they work.
+If you don't have working arrow keys, you can always use
+.B h ,
+.B j ,
+.B k ,
+and
+.B l .
+Experienced users of
+.I vi
+prefer these keys to arrow keys,
+because they are usually right underneath their fingers.
+.PP
+Hit the \fB+\fR key.  Each time you do, notice that the cursor
+advances to the next line in the file, at the first non-white position
+on the line.  The \fB\-\fR key is like \fB+\fR but goes the other way.
+.PP
+These are very common keys for moving up and down lines in the file.
+Notice that if you go off the bottom or top with these keys then the
+screen will scroll down (and up if possible) to bring a line at a time
+into view.  The \s-2RETURN\s0 key has the same effect as the \fB+\fR
+key.
+.PP
+.I Vi
+also has commands to take you to the top, middle and bottom of the screen.
+\fBH\fR will take you to the top (home) line on the screen.
+Try preceding it with a
+number as in \fB3H\fR.
+This will take you to the third line on the screen.
+Many
+.I vi
+commands take preceding numbers and do interesting things with them.
+Try \fBM\fR,
+which takes you to the middle line on the screen,
+and \fBL\fR,
+which takes you to the last line on the screen.
+\fBL\fR also takes counts, thus
+\fB5L\fR will take you to the fifth line from the bottom.
+.NH 2
+Moving within a line
+.PP
+Now try picking a word on some line on the screen, not the
+first word on the line.
+move the cursor using \s-2RETURN\s0 and \fB\-\fR to be on the line where
+the word is.
+Try hitting the \fBw\fR key.  This will advance the cursor to the
+next word on the line.
+Try hitting the \fBb\fR key to back up words
+in the line.
+Also try the \fBe\fR key which advances you to the end of the current
+word rather than to the beginning of the next word.
+Also try \s-2SPACE\s0 (the space bar) which moves right one character
+and the \s-2BS\s0 (backspace or \fB^H\fR) key which moves left one character.
+The key \fBh\fR works as \fB^H\fR does and is useful if you don't have
+a \s-2BS\s0 key.
+(Also, as noted just above, \fBl\fR will move to the right.)
+.PP
+If the line had punctuation in it you may have noticed that
+that the \fBw\fR and \fBb\fR
+keys stopped at each group of punctuation.  You can also go back and
+forwards words without stopping at punctuation by using \fBW\fR and \fBB\fR
+rather than the lower case equivalents.  Think of these as bigger words.
+Try these on a few lines with punctuation to see how they differ from
+the lower case \fBw\fR and \fBb\fR.
+.PP
+The word keys wrap around the end of line,
+rather than stopping at the end.  Try moving to a word on a line below
+where you are by repeatedly hitting \fBw\fR.
+.NH 2
+Summary
+.IP
+.TS
+lw(.50i)b a.
+\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP	advance the cursor one position
+^B	backwards to previous page
+^D	scrolls down in the file
+^E	exposes another line at the bottom
+^F	forward to next page
+^G	tell what is going on
+^H	backspace the cursor
+^N	next line, same column
+^P	previous line, same column
+^U	scrolls up in the file
+^Y	exposes another line at the top
++	next line, at the beginning
+\-	previous line, at the beginning
+/	scan for a following string forwards
+?	scan backwards
+B	back a word, ignoring punctuation
+G	go to specified line, last default
+H	home screen line
+M	middle screen line
+L	last screen line
+W	forward a word, ignoring punctuation
+b	back a word
+e	end of current word
+n	scan for next instance of \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR pattern
+w	word after this word
+.TE
+.NH 2
+View
+.PP
+If you want to use the editor to look at a file,
+rather than to make changes,
+invoke it as
+.I view
+instead of
+.I vi .
+This will set the
+.I readonly
+option which will prevent you from
+accidently overwriting the file.
+.NH 1
+Making simple changes
+.NH 2
+Inserting
+.PP
+One of the most useful commands is the
+\fBi\fR (insert) command.
+After you type \fBi\fR, everything you type until you hit \s-2ESC\s0
+is inserted into the file.
+Try this now; position yourself to some word in the file and try inserting
+text before this word.
+If you are on an dumb terminal it will seem, for a minute,
+that some of the characters in your line have been overwritten, but they will
+reappear when you hit \s-2ESC\s0.
+.PP
+Now try finding a word which can, but does not, end in an `s'.
+Position yourself at this word and type \fBe\fR (move to end of word), then
+\fBa\fR for append and then `s\s-2ESC\s0' to terminate the textual insert.
+This sequence of commands can be used to easily pluralize a word.
+.PP
+Try inserting and appending a few times to make sure you understand how
+this works; \fBi\fR placing text to the left of the cursor, \fBa\fR to
+the right.
+.PP
+It is often the case that you want to add new lines to the file you are
+editing, before or after some specific line in the file.  Find a line
+where this makes sense and then give the command \fBo\fR to create a
+new line after the line you are on, or the command \fBO\fR to create
+a new line before the line you are on.  After you create a new line in
+this way, text you type up to an \s-2ESC\s0 is inserted on the new line.
+.PP
+Many related editor commands
+are invoked by the same letter key and differ only in that one is given
+by a lower
+case key and the other is given by
+an upper case key.  In these cases, the
+upper case key often differs from the lower case key in its sense of
+direction, with
+the upper case key working backward and/or up, while the lower case
+key moves forward and/or down.
+.PP
+Whenever you are typing in text, you can give many lines of input or
+just a few characters.
+To type in more than one line of text,
+hit a \s-2RETURN\s0 at the middle of your input.  A new line will be created
+for text, and you can continue to type.  If you are on a slow
+and dumb terminal the editor may choose to wait to redraw the
+tail of the screen, and will let you type over the existing screen lines.
+This avoids the lengthy delay which would occur if the editor attempted
+to keep the tail of the screen always up to date.  The tail of the screen will
+be fixed up, and the missing lines will reappear, when you hit \s-2ESC\s0.
+.PP
+While you are inserting new text, you can use the characters you normally use
+at the system command level (usually \fB^H\fR or \fB#\fR) to backspace
+over the last
+character which you typed, and the character which you use to kill input lines
+(usually \fB@\fR, \fB^X\fR, or \fB^U\fR)
+to erase the input you have typed on the current line.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg In fact, the character \fB^H\fR (backspace) always works to erase the
+last input character here, regardless of what your erase character is.
+.FE
+The character \fB^W\fR
+will erase a whole word and leave you after the space after the previous
+word; it is useful for quickly backing up in an insert.
+.PP
+Notice that when you backspace during an insertion the characters you
+backspace over are not erased; the cursor moves backwards, and the characters
+remain on the display.  This is often useful if you are planning to type
+in something similar.  In any case the characters disappear when when
+you hit \s-2ESC\s0; if you want to get rid of them immediately, hit an
+\s-2ESC\s0 and then \fBa\fR again.
+.PP
+Notice also that you can't erase characters which you didn't insert, and that
+you can't backspace around the end of a line.  If you need to back up
+to the previous line to make a correction, just hit \s-2ESC\s0 and move
+the cursor back to the previous line.  After making the correction you
+can return to where you were and use the insert or append command again.
+.NH 2
+Making small corrections
+.PP
+You can make small corrections in existing text quite easily.
+Find a single character which is wrong or just pick any character.
+Use the arrow keys to find the character, or
+get near the character with the word motion keys and then either
+backspace (hit the \s-2BS\s0 key or \fB^H\fR or even just \fBh\fR) or 
+\s-2SPACE\s0 (using the space bar)
+until the cursor is on the character which is wrong.
+If the character is not needed then hit the \fBx\fP key; this deletes
+the character from the file.  It is analogous to the way you \fBx\fP
+out characters when you make mistakes on a typewriter (except it's not
+as messy).
+.PP
+If the character
+is incorrect, you can replace it with the correct character by giving
+the command \fBr\fR\fIc\fR,
+where \fIc\fR is replaced by the correct character.
+Finally if the character which is incorrect should be replaced
+by more than one character, give the command \fBs\fR which substitutes
+a string of characters, ending with \s-2ESC\s0, for it.
+If there are a small number of characters
+which are wrong you can precede \fBs\fR with a count of the number of
+characters to be replaced.  Counts are also useful with \fBx\fR to specify
+the number of characters to be deleted.
+.NH 2
+More corrections: operators
+.PP
+You already know almost enough to make changes at a higher level.
+All you need to know now is that the 
+.B d
+key acts as a delete operator.  Try the command
+.B dw
+to delete a word.
+Try hitting \fB.\fR a few times.  Notice that this repeats the effect
+of the \fBdw\fR.  The command \fB.\fR repeats the last command which
+made a change.  You can remember it by analogy with an ellipsis `\fB...\fR'.
+.PP
+Now try
+\fBdb\fR.
+This deletes a word backwards, namely the preceding word.
+Try 
+\fBd\fR\s-2SPACE\s0.  This deletes a single character, and is equivalent
+to the \fBx\fR command.
+.PP
+Another very useful operator is
+.B c
+or change.  The command 
+.B cw
+thus changes the text of a single word.
+You follow it by the replacement text ending with an \s-2ESC\s0.
+Find a word which you can change to another, and try this
+now.
+Notice that the end of the text to be changed was marked with the character
+`$' so that you can see this as you are typing in the new material.
+.NH 2
+Operating on lines
+.PP
+It is often the case that you want to operate on lines.
+Find a line which you want to delete, and type 
+\fBdd\fR,
+the
+.B d
+operator twice.  This will delete the line.
+If you are on a dumb terminal, the editor may just erase the line on
+the screen, replacing it with a line with only an @ on it.  This line
+does not correspond to any line in your file, but only acts as a place
+holder.  It helps to avoid a lengthy redraw of the rest of the screen
+which would be necessary to close up the hole created by the deletion
+on a terminal without a delete line capability.
+.PP
+Try repeating the
+.B c
+operator twice; this will change a whole line, erasing its previous contents and
+replacing them with text you type up to an \s-2ESC\s0.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg The command \fBS\fR is a convenient synonym for for \fBcc\fR, by
+analogy with \fBs\fR.  Think of \fBS\fR as a substitute on lines, while
+\fBs\fR is a substitute on characters.
+.FE
+.PP
+You can delete or change more than one line by preceding the
+.B dd
+or
+.B cc
+with a count, i.e. \fB5dd\fR deletes 5 lines.
+You can also give a command like \fBdL\fR to delete all the lines up to
+and including
+the last line on the screen, or \fBd3L\fR to delete through the third from
+the bottom line.  Try some commands like this now.*
+.FS
+* One subtle point here involves using the \fB/\fR search after a \fBd\fR.
+This will normally delete characters from the current position to the
+point of the match.  If what is desired is to delete whole lines
+including the two points, give the pattern as \fB/pat/+0\fR, a line address.
+.FE
+Notice that the editor lets you know when you change a large number of
+lines so that you can see the extent of the change.
+The editor will also always tell you when a change you make affects text which
+you cannot see.
+.NH 2
+Undoing
+.PP
+Now suppose that the last change which you made was incorrect;
+you could use the insert, delete and append commands to put the correct
+material back.  However, since it is often the case that we regret a
+change or make a change incorrectly, the editor provides a
+.B u
+(undo) command to reverse the last change which you made.
+Try this a few times, and give it twice in a row to notice that an
+.B u
+also undoes a
+.B u.
+.PP
+The undo command lets you reverse only a single change.  After you make
+a number of changes to a line, you may decide that you would rather have
+the original state of the line back.  The
+.B U
+command restores the current line to the state before you started changing
+it.
+.PP
+You can recover text which you delete, even if
+undo will not bring it back; see the section on recovering lost text
+below.
+.NH 2
+Summary
+.IP
+.TS
+lw(.50i)b a.
+\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP	advance the cursor one position
+^H	backspace the cursor
+^W	erase a word during an insert
+\fRerase\fP	your erase (usually ^H or #), erases a character during an insert
+\fRkill\fP	your kill (usually @, ^X, or ^U), kills the insert on this line
+\&\fB.\fP	repeats the changing command
+O	opens and inputs new lines, above the current
+U	undoes the changes you made to the current line
+a	appends text after the cursor
+c	changes the object you specify to the following text
+d	deletes the object you specify
+i	inserts text before the cursor
+o	opens and inputs new lines, below the current
+u	undoes the last change
+.TE
+.NH 1
+Moving about; rearranging and duplicating text
+.NH 2
+Low level character motions
+.PP
+Now move the cursor to a line where there is a punctuation or a bracketing
+character such as a parenthesis or a comma or period.  Try the command
+\fBf\fR\fIx\fR where \fIx\fR is this character.  This command finds
+the next \fIx\fR character to the right of the cursor in the current
+line.  Try then hitting a \fB;\fR, which finds the next instance of the
+same character.  By using the \fBf\fR command and then a sequence of
+\fB;\fR's you can often
+get to a particular place in a line much faster than with a sequence
+of word motions or \s-2SPACE\s0s.
+There is also a \fBF\fR command, which is like \fBf\fR, but searches 
+backward.  The \fB;\fR command repeats \fBF\fR also.
+.PP
+When you are operating on the text in a line it is often desirable to
+deal with the characters up to, but not including, the first instance of
+a character.  Try \fBdf\fR\fIx\fR for some \fIx\fR now and
+notice that the \fIx\fR character is deleted.  Undo this with \fBu\fR
+and then try \fBdt\fR\fIx\fR;  the \fBt\fR here stands for to, i.e.
+delete up to the next \fIx\fR, but not the \fIx\fR.  The command \fBT\fR
+is the reverse of \fBt\fR.
+.PP
+When working with the text of a single line, an \fB\(ua\fR moves the
+cursor to the first non-white position on the line, and a
+\fB$\fR moves it to the end of the line.  Thus \fB$a\fR will append new
+text at the end of the current line.
+.PP
+Your file may have tab (\fB^I\fR) characters in it.  These
+characters are represented as a number of spaces expanding to a tab stop,
+where tab stops are every 8 positions.*
+.FS
+* This is settable by a command of the form \fB:se ts=\fR\fIx\fR\s-2CR\s0,
+where \fIx\fR is 4 to set tabstops every four columns.  This has
+effect on the screen representation within the editor.
+.FE
+When the cursor is at a tab, it sits on the last of the several spaces
+which represent that tab.  Try moving the cursor back and forth over
+tabs so you understand how this works.
+.PP
+On rare occasions, your file may have nonprinting characters in it. 
+These characters are displayed in the same way they are represented in
+this document, that is with a two character code, the first character
+of which is `^'.  On the screen non-printing characters resemble a `^'
+character adjacent to another, but spacing or backspacing over the character
+will reveal that the two characters are, like the spaces representing
+a tab character, a single character.
+.PP
+The editor sometimes discards control characters,
+depending on the character and the setting of the
+.I beautify
+option,
+if you attempt to insert them in your file.
+You can get a control character in the file by beginning
+an insert and then typing a \fB^V\fR before the control
+character.  The
+\fB^V\fR quotes the following character, causing it to be
+inserted directly into the file.
+.PP
+.NH 2
+Higher level text objects
+.PP
+In working with a document it is often advantageous to work in terms
+of sentences, paragraphs, and sections.  The operations \fB(\fR and \fB)\fR
+move to the beginning of the previous and next sentences respectively.
+Thus the command \fBd)\fR will delete the rest of the current sentence;
+likewise \fBd(\fR will delete the previous sentence if you are at the
+beginning of the current sentence, or the current sentence up to where
+you are if you are not at the beginning of the current sentence.
+.PP
+A sentence is defined to end at a `.', `!' or `?' which is followed by
+either the end of a line, or by two spaces.  Any number of closing `)',
+`]', `"' and `\(aa' characters may appear after the `.', `!' or `?' before
+the spaces or end of line.
+.PP
+The operations \fB{\fR and \fB}\fR move over paragraphs and the operations
+\fB[[\fR and \fB]]\fR move over sections.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg The \fB[[\fR and \fB]]\fR operations
+require the operation character to be doubled because they can move the
+cursor far from where it currently is.  While it is easy to get back
+with the command \fB\(ga\(ga\fP,
+these commands would still be frustrating
+if they were easy to hit accidentally.
+.FE
+.PP
+A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also
+at each of a set of paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters
+in the definition of the string valued option \fIparagraphs\fR.
+The default setting for this option defines the paragraph macros of the
+\fI\-ms\fR and \fI\-mm\fR macro packages, i.e. the `.IP', `.LP', `.PP'
+and `.QP', `.P' and `.LI' macros.\*(dd
+.FS
+\*(dd You can easily change or extend this set of macros by assigning a
+different string to the \fIparagraphs\fR option in your EXINIT.
+See section 6.2 for details.
+The `.bp' directive is also considered to start a paragraph.
+.FE
+Each paragraph boundary is also a sentence boundary.  The sentence
+and paragraph commands can
+be given counts to operate over groups of sentences and paragraphs.
+.PP
+Sections in the editor begin after each macro in the \fIsections\fR option,
+normally `.NH', `.SH', `.H' and `.HU', and each line with a formfeed \fB^L\fR
+in the first column.
+Section boundaries are always line and paragraph boundaries also.
+.PP
+Try experimenting with the sentence and paragraph commands until you are
+sure how they work.  If you have a large document, try looking through
+it using the section commands.
+The section commands interpret a preceding count as a different window size in
+which to redraw the screen at the new location, and this window size
+is the base size for newly drawn windows until another size is specified.
+This is very useful
+if you are on a slow terminal and are looking for a particular section. 
+You can give the first section command a small count to then see each successive
+section heading in a small window.
+.NH 2
+Rearranging and duplicating text
+.PP
+The editor has a single unnamed buffer where the last deleted or
+changed away text is saved, and a set of named buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR
+which you can use to save copies of text and to move text around in
+your file and between files.
+.PP
+The operator
+.B y
+yanks a copy of the object which follows into the unnamed buffer.
+If preceded by a buffer name, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR\|\fBy\fR, where
+\fIx\fR here is replaced by a letter \fBa\-z\fR, it places the text in the named
+buffer.  The text can then be put back in the file with the commands
+.B p
+and
+.B P;
+\fBp\fR puts the text after or below the cursor, while \fBP\fR puts the text
+before or above the cursor.
+.PP
+If the text which you
+yank forms a part of a line, or is an object such as a sentence which
+partially spans more than one line, then when you put the text back,
+it will be placed after the cursor (or before if you
+use \fBP\fR).  If the yanked text forms whole lines, they will be put
+back as whole lines, without changing the current line.  In this case,
+the put acts much like a \fBo\fR or \fBO\fR command.
+.PP
+Try the command \fBYP\fR.  This makes a copy of the current line and
+leaves you on this copy, which is placed before the current line.
+The command \fBY\fR is a convenient abbreviation for \fByy\fR.
+The command \fBYp\fR will also make a copy of the current line, and place
+it after the current line.  You can give \fBY\fR a count of lines to
+yank, and thus duplicate several lines; try \fB3YP\fR.
+.PP
+To move text within the buffer, you need to delete it in one place, and
+put it back in another.  You can precede a delete operation by the
+name of a buffer in which the text is to be stored as in \fB"a5dd\fR
+deleting 5 lines into the named buffer \fIa\fR.  You can then move the
+cursor to the eventual resting place of the these lines and do a \fB"ap\fR
+or \fB"aP\fR to put them back.
+In fact, you can switch and edit another file before you put the lines
+back, by giving a command of the form \fB:e \fR\fIname\fR\s-2CR\s0 where
+\fIname\fR is the name of the other file you want to edit.  You will
+have to write back the contents of the current editor buffer (or discard
+them) if you have made changes before the editor will let you switch
+to the other file.
+An ordinary delete command saves the text in the unnamed buffer,
+so that an ordinary put can move it elsewhere.
+However, the unnamed buffer is lost when you change files,
+so to move text from one file to another you should use an unnamed buffer.
+.NH 2
+Summary.
+.IP
+.TS
+lw(.50i)b a.
+\(ua	first non-white on line
+$	end of line
+)	forward sentence
+}	forward paragraph
+]]	forward section
+(	backward sentence
+{	backward paragraph
+[[	backward section
+f\fIx\fR	find \fIx\fR forward in line
+p	put text back, after cursor or below current line
+y	yank operator, for copies and moves
+t\fIx\fR	up to \fIx\fR forward, for operators
+F\fIx\fR	f backward in line
+P	put text back, before cursor or above current line
+T\fIx\fR	t backward in line
+.TE
+.NH 1
+High level commands
+.NH 2
+Writing, quitting, editing new files
+.PP
+So far we have seen how to enter
+.I vi
+and to write out our file using either
+\fBZZ\fR or \fB:w\fR\s-2CR\s0. The first exits from
+the editor,
+(writing if changes were made),
+the second writes and stays in the editor.
+.PP
+If you have changed the editor's copy of the file but do not wish to
+save your changes, either because you messed up the file or decided that the
+changes are not an improvement to the file, then you can give the command
+\fB:q!\fR\s-2CR\s0 to quit from the editor without writing the changes.
+You can also reedit the same file (starting over) by giving the command
+\fB:e!\fR\s-2CR\s0.  These commands should be used only rarely, and with
+caution, as it is not possible to recover the changes you have made after
+you discard them in this manner.
+.PP
+You can edit a different file without leaving the editor by giving the
+command \fB:e\fR\ \fIname\fR\s-2CR\s0.  If you have not written out
+your file before you try to do this, then the editor will tell you this,
+and delay editing the other file.  You can then give the command
+\fB:w\fR\s-2CR\s0 to save your work and then the \fB:e\fR\ \fIname\fR\s-2CR\s0
+command again, or carefully give the command \fB:e!\fR\ \fIname\fR\s-2CR\s0,
+which edits the other file discarding the changes you have made to the
+current file.
+To have the editor automatically save changes,
+include
+.I "set autowrite"
+in your EXINIT,
+and use \fB:n\fP instead of \fB:e\fP.
+.NH 2
+Escaping to a shell
+.PP
+You can get to a shell to execute a single command by giving a
+.I vi
+command of the form \fB:!\fIcmd\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+The system will run the single command
+.I cmd
+and when the command finishes, the editor will ask you to hit a \s-2RETURN\s0
+to continue.  When you have finished looking at the output on the screen,
+you should hit \s-2RETURN\s0 and the editor will clear the screen and
+redraw it.  You can then continue editing.
+You can also give another \fB:\fR command when it asks you for a \s-2RETURN\s0;
+in this case the screen will not be redrawn.
+.PP
+If you wish to execute more than one command in the shell, then you can
+give the command \fB:sh\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+This will give you a new shell, and when you finish with the shell, ending
+it by typing a \fB^D\fR, the editor will clear the screen and continue.
+.PP
+On systems which support it, \fB^Z\fP will suspend the editor
+and return to the (top level) shell.
+When the editor is resumed, the screen will be redrawn.
+.NH 2
+Marking and returning
+.PP
+The command \fB\(ga\(ga\fR returned to the previous place
+after a motion of the cursor by a command such as \fB/\fR, \fB?\fR or
+\fBG\fR.  You can also mark lines in the file with single letter tags
+and return to these marks later by naming the tags.  Try marking the
+current line with the command \fBm\fR\fIx\fR, where you should pick some
+letter for \fIx\fR, say `a'.  Then move the cursor to a different line
+(any way you like) and hit \fB\(gaa\fR.  The cursor will return to the
+place which you marked.
+Marks last only until you edit another file.
+.PP
+When using operators such as
+.B d
+and referring to marked lines, it is often desirable to delete whole lines
+rather than deleting to the exact position in the line marked by \fBm\fR.
+In this case you can use the form \fB\(aa\fR\fIx\fR rather than
+\fB\(ga\fR\fIx\fR.  Used without an operator, \fB\(aa\fR\fIx\fR will move to
+the first non-white character of the marked line; similarly \fB\(aa\(aa\fR
+moves to the first non-white character of the line containing the previous
+context mark \fB\(ga\(ga\fR.
+.NH 2
+Adjusting the screen
+.PP
+If the screen image is messed up because of a transmission error to your
+terminal, or because some program other than the editor wrote output
+to your terminal, you can hit a \fB^L\fR, the \s-2ASCII\s0 form-feed
+character, to cause the screen to be refreshed.
+.PP
+On a dumb terminal, if there are @ lines in the middle of the screen
+as a result of line deletion, you may get rid of these lines by typing
+\fB^R\fR to cause the editor to retype the screen, closing up these holes.
+.PP
+Finally, if you wish to place a certain line on the screen at the top
+middle or bottom of the screen, you can position the cursor to that line,
+and then give a \fBz\fR command.
+You should follow the \fBz\fR command with a \s-2RETURN\s0 if you want
+the line to appear at the top of the window, a \fB.\fR if you want it
+at the center, or a \fB\-\fR if you want it at the bottom.
+.NH 1
+Special topics
+.NH 2
+Editing on slow terminals
+.PP
+When you are on a slow terminal, it is important to limit the amount
+of output which is generated to your screen so that you will not suffer
+long delays, waiting for the screen to be refreshed.  We have already
+pointed out how the editor optimizes the updating of the screen during
+insertions on dumb terminals to limit the delays, and how the editor erases
+lines to @ when they are deleted on dumb terminals.
+.PP
+The use of the slow terminal insertion mode is controlled by the
+.I slowopen
+option.  You can force the editor to use this mode even on faster terminals
+by giving the command \fB:se slow\fR\s-2CR\s0.  If your system is sluggish
+this helps lessen the amount of output coming to your terminal.
+You can disable this option by \fB:se noslow\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+.PP
+The editor can simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.  Try
+giving the command \fB:se redraw\fR\s-2CR\s0.  This simulation generates
+a great deal of output and is generally tolerable only on lightly loaded
+systems and fast terminals.  You can disable this by giving the command
+ \fB:se noredraw\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+.PP
+The editor also makes editing more pleasant at low speed by starting
+editing in a small window, and letting the window expand as you edit.
+This works particularly well on intelligent terminals.  The editor can
+expand the window easily when you insert in the middle of the screen
+on these terminals.  If possible, try the editor on an intelligent terminal
+to see how this works.
+.PP
+You can control the size of the window which is redrawn each time the
+screen is cleared by giving window sizes as argument to the commands
+which cause large screen motions:
+.DS
+.B ":  /  ?  [[  ]]  \(ga  \(aa"
+.DE
+Thus if you are searching for a particular instance of a common string
+in a file you can precede the first search command by a small number,
+say 3, and the editor will draw three line windows around each instance
+of the string which it locates.
+.PP
+You can easily expand or contract the window, placing the current line
+as you choose, by giving a number on a \fBz\fR command, after the \fBz\fR
+and before the following \s-2RETURN\s0, \fB.\fR or \fB\-\fR.  Thus the
+command \fBz5.\fR redraws the screen with the current line in the center
+of a five line window.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg Note that the command \fB5z.\fR has an entirely different effect,
+placing line 5 in the center of a new window.
+.FE
+.PP
+If the editor is redrawing or otherwise updating large portions of the
+display, you can interrupt this updating by hitting a \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0
+as usual.  If you do this you may partially confuse the editor about
+what is displayed on the screen.  You can still edit the text on
+the screen if you wish; clear up the confusion
+by hitting a \fB^L\fR; or move or search again, ignoring the
+current state of the display.
+.PP
+See section 7.8 on \fIopen\fR mode for another way to use the
+.I vi
+command set on slow terminals.
+.NH 2
+Options, set, and editor startup files
+.PP
+The editor has a set of options, some of which have been mentioned above.
+The most useful options are given in the following table.
+.KF
+.TS
+lb lb lb lb
+l l l a.
+Name	Default	Description
+_
+autoindent	noai	Supply indentation automatically
+autowrite	noaw	Automatic write before \fB:n\fR, \fB:ta\fR, \fB^\(ua\fR, \fB!\fR
+ignorecase	noic	Ignore case in searching
+lisp	nolisp	\fB( { ) }\fR commands deal with S-expressions
+list	nolist	Tabs print as ^I; end of lines marked with $
+magic	nomagic	The characters . [ and * are special in scans
+number	nonu	Lines are displayed prefixed with line numbers
+paragraphs	para=IPLPPPQPbpP LI	Macro names which start paragraphs
+redraw	nore	Simulate a smart terminal on a dumb one
+sections	sect=NHSHH HU	Macro names which start new sections
+shiftwidth	sw=8	Shift distance for <, > and input \fB^D\fP and \fB^T\fR
+showmatch	nosm	Show matching \fB(\fP or \fB{\fP as \fB)\fP or \fB}\fR is typed
+slowopen	slow	Postpone display updates during inserts
+term	dumb	The kind of terminal you are using.
+.TE
+.KE
+.PP
+The options are of three kinds:  numeric options, string options, and
+toggle options.  You can set numeric and string options by a statement
+of the form
+.DS
+\fBset\fR \fIopt\fR\fB=\fR\fIval\fR
+.DE
+and toggle options can be set or unset by statements of one of the forms
+.DS
+\fBset\fR \fIopt\fR
+\fBset\fR \fBno\fR\fIopt\fR
+.DE
+These statements can be placed in your EXINIT in your environment,
+or given while you are running
+.I vi
+by preceding them with a \fB:\fR and following them with a \s-2CR\s0.
+.PP
+You can get a list of all options which you have changed by the
+command \fB:set\fR\s-2CR\s0, or the value of a single option by the
+command \fB:set\fR \fIopt\fR\fB?\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+A list of all possible options and their values is generated by
+\fB:set all\fP\s-2CR\s0.
+Set can be abbreviated \fBse\fP.
+Multiple options can be placed on one line, e.g.
+\fB:se ai aw nu\fP\s-2CR\s0.
+.PP
+Options set by the \fBset\fP command only last
+while you stay in the editor.
+It is common to want to have certain options set whenever you
+use the editor.
+This can be accomplished by creating a list of \fIex\fP commands\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg
+All commands which start with
+.B :
+are \fIex\fP commands.
+.FE
+which are to be run every time you start up \fIex\fP, \fIedit\fP,
+or \fIvi\fP.
+A typical list includes a \fBset\fP command, and possibly a few
+\fBmap\fP commands.
+Since it is advisable to get these commands on one line, they can
+be separated with the | character, for example:
+.DS
+\fBset\fP ai aw terse|\fBmap\fP @ dd|\fBmap\fP # x
+.DE
+which sets the options \fIautoindent\fP, \fIautowrite\fP, \fIterse\fP,
+(the
+.B set
+command),
+makes @ delete a line,
+(the first
+.B map ),
+and makes # delete a character,
+(the second
+.B map ).
+(See section 6.9 for a description of the \fBmap\fP command)
+This string should be placed in the variable EXINIT in your environment.
+If you use the shell \fIcsh\fP,
+put this line in the file
+.I .login
+in your home directory:
+.DS
+setenv EXINIT \(aa\fBset\fP ai aw terse|\fBmap\fP @ dd|\fBmap\fP # x\(aa
+.DE
+If you use the standard shell \fIsh\fP,
+put these lines in the file
+.I .profile
+in your home directory:
+.DS
+EXINIT=\(aa\fBset\fP ai aw terse|\fBmap\fP @ dd|\fBmap\fP # x\(aa
+export EXINIT
+.DE
+Of course, the particulars of the line would depend on which options
+you wanted to set.
+.NH 2
+Recovering lost lines
+.PP
+You might have a serious problem if you delete a number of lines and then
+regret that they were deleted.  Despair not, the editor saves the last
+9 deleted blocks of text in a set of numbered registers 1\-9.
+You can get the \fIn\fR'th previous deleted text back in your file by
+the command
+"\fR\fIn\fR\|\fBp\fR.
+The "\fR here says that a buffer name is to follow,
+\fIn\fR is the number of the buffer you wish to try
+(use the number 1 for now),
+and
+.B p
+is the put command, which puts text in the buffer after the cursor.
+If this doesn't bring back the text you wanted, hit
+.B u
+to undo this and then
+\fB\&.\fR
+(period)
+to repeat the put command.
+In general the
+\fB\&.\fR
+command will repeat the last change you made.
+As a special case, when the last command refers to a numbered text buffer,
+the \fB.\fR command increments the number of the buffer before repeating
+the command.  Thus a sequence of the form
+.DS
+\fB"1pu.u.u.\fR
+.DE
+will, if repeated long enough, show you all the deleted text which has
+been saved for you.
+You can omit the
+.B u
+commands here to gather up all this text in the buffer, or stop after any
+\fB\&.\fR command to keep just the then recovered text.
+The command
+.B P
+can also be used rather than
+.B p
+to put the recovered text before rather than after the cursor.
+.NH 2
+Recovering lost files
+.PP
+If the system crashes, you can recover the work you were doing
+to within a few changes.  You will normally receive mail when you next
+login giving you the name of the file which has been saved for you. 
+You should then change to the directory where you were when the system
+crashed and give a command of the form:
+.DS
+% \fBvi \-r\fR \fIname\fR
+.DE
+replacing \fIname\fR with the name of the file which you were editing.
+This will recover your work to a point near where you left off.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg In rare cases, some of the lines of the file may be lost.  The
+editor will give you the numbers of these lines and the text of the lines
+will be replaced by the string `LOST'.  These lines will almost always
+be among the last few which you changed.  You can either choose to discard
+the changes which you made (if they are easy to remake) or to replace
+the few lost lines by hand.
+.FE
+.PP
+You can get a listing of the files which are saved for you by giving
+the command:
+.DS
+% \fBvi \-r\fR
+.DE
+If there is more than one instance of a particular file saved, the editor
+gives you the newest instance each time you recover it.  You can thus
+get an older saved copy back by first recovering the newer copies.
+.PP
+For this feature to work,
+.I vi
+must be correctly installed by a super user on your system,
+and the
+.I mail
+program must exist to receive mail.
+The invocation ``\fIvi -r\fP'' will not always list all saved files,
+but they can be recovered even if they are not listed.
+.NH 2
+Continuous text input
+.PP
+When you are typing in large amounts of text it is convenient to have
+lines broken near the right margin automatically.  You can cause this
+to happen by giving the command
+\fB:se wm=10\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+This causes all lines to be broken at a space at least 10 columns
+from the right hand edge of the screen.
+.PP
+If the editor breaks an input line and you wish to put it back together
+you can tell it to join the lines with \fBJ\fR.  You can give \fBJ\fR
+a count of the number of lines to be joined as in \fB3J\fR to join 3
+lines.  The editor supplies white space, if appropriate,
+at the juncture of the joined
+lines, and leaves the cursor at this white space.
+You can kill the white space with \fBx\fR if you don't want it.
+.NH 2
+Features for editing programs
+.PP
+The editor has a number of commands for editing programs.
+The thing that most distinguishes editing of programs from editing of text
+is the desirability of maintaining an indented structure to the body of
+the program.  The editor has a
+.I autoindent
+facility for helping you generate correctly indented programs.
+.PP
+To enable this facility you can give the command \fB:se ai\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+Now try opening a new line with \fBo\fR and type some characters on the
+line after a few tabs.  If you now start another line, notice that the
+editor supplies white space at the beginning of the line to line it up
+with the previous line.  You cannot backspace over this indentation,
+but you can use \fB^D\fR key to backtab over the supplied indentation.
+.PP
+Each time you type \fB^D\fR you back up one position, normally to an
+8 column boundary.  This amount is settable; the editor has an option
+called
+.I shiftwidth
+which you can set to change this value.
+Try giving the command \fB:se sw=4\fR\s-2CR\s0
+and then experimenting with autoindent again.
+.PP
+For shifting lines in the program left and right, there are operators
+.B <
+and
+.B >.
+These shift the lines you specify right or left by one
+.I shiftwidth.
+Try
+.B <<
+and
+.B >>
+which shift one line left or right, and
+.B <L
+and
+.B >L
+shifting the rest of the display left and right.
+.PP
+If you have a complicated expression and wish to see how the parentheses
+match, put the cursor at a left or right parenthesis and hit \fB%\fR.
+This will show you the matching parenthesis.
+This works also for braces { and }, and brackets [ and ].
+.PP
+If you are editing C programs, you can use the \fB[[\fR and \fB]]\fR keys
+to advance or retreat to a line starting with a \fB{\fR, i.e. a function
+declaration at a time.  When \fB]]\fR is used with an operator it stops
+after a line which starts with \fB}\fR; this is sometimes useful with
+\fBy]]\fR.
+.NH 2
+Filtering portions of the buffer
+.PP
+You can run system commands over portions of the buffer using the operator
+\fB!\fR.
+You can use this to sort lines in the buffer, or to reformat portions
+of the buffer with a pretty-printer.
+Try typing in a list of random words, one per line and ending them
+with a blank line.  Back up to the beginning of the list, and then give
+the command \fB!}sort\fR\s-2CR\s0.  This says to sort the next paragraph
+of material, and the blank line ends a paragraph.
+.NH 2
+Commands for editing \s-2LISP\s0
+.PP
+If you are editing a \s-2LISP\s0 program you should set the option
+.I lisp
+by doing
+\fB:se\ lisp\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+This changes the \fB(\fR and \fB)\fR commands to move backward and forward
+over s-expressions.
+The \fB{\fR and \fB}\fR commands are like \fB(\fR and \fB)\fR but don't
+stop at atoms.  These can be used to skip to the next list, or through
+a comment quickly.
+.PP
+The
+.I autoindent
+option works differently for \s-2LISP\s0, supplying indent to align at
+the first argument to the last open list.  If there is no such argument
+then the indent is two spaces more than the last level.
+.PP
+There is another option which is useful for typing in \s-2LISP\s0, the
+.I showmatch
+option.
+Try setting it with
+\fB:se sm\fR\s-2CR\s0
+and then try typing a `(' some words and then a `)'.  Notice that the
+cursor shows the position of the `(' which matches the `)' briefly. 
+This happens only if the matching `(' is on the screen, and the cursor
+stays there for at most one second.
+.PP
+The editor also has an operator to realign existing lines as though they
+had been typed in with
+.I lisp
+and
+.I autoindent
+set.  This is the \fB=\fR operator.
+Try the command \fB=%\fR at the beginning of a function.  This will realign
+all the lines of the function declaration.
+.PP
+When you are editing \s-2LISP\s0,, the \fB[[\fR and \fR]]\fR advance
+and retreat to lines beginning with a \fB(\fR, and are useful for dealing
+with entire function definitions.
+.NH 2
+Macros
+.PP
+.I Vi
+has a parameterless macro facility, which lets you set it up so that
+when you hit a single keystroke, the editor will act as though
+you had hit some longer sequence of keys.  You can set this up if
+you find yourself typing the same sequence of commands repeatedly.
+.PP
+Briefly, there are two flavors of macros:
+.IP a)
+Ones where you put the macro body in a buffer register, say \fIx\fR.
+You can then type \fB@x\fR to invoke the macro.  The \fB@\fR may be followed
+by another \fB@\fR to repeat the last macro.
+.IP b)
+You can use the
+.I map
+command from
+.I vi
+(typically in your
+.I EXINIT )
+with a command of the form:
+.DS
+:map \fIlhs\fR \fIrhs\fR\s-2CR\f0
+.DE
+mapping
+.I lhs
+into
+.I rhs.
+There are restrictions:
+.I lhs
+should be one keystroke (either 1 character or one function key)
+since it must be entered within one second
+(unless
+.I notimeout
+is set, in which case you can type it as slowly as you wish,
+and
+.I vi
+will wait for you to finish it before it echoes anything).
+The
+.I lhs
+can be no longer than 10 characters, the
+.I rhs
+no longer than 100.
+To get a space, tab or newline into
+.I lhs
+or
+.I rhs
+you should escape them with a \fB^V\fR.
+(It may be necessary to double the \fB^V\fR if the map
+command is given inside
+.I vi,
+rather than in
+.I ex.)
+Spaces and tabs inside the
+.I rhs
+need not be escaped.
+.PP
+Thus to make the \fBq\fR key write and exit the editor, you can give
+the command
+.DS
+:map q :wq\fB^V^V\fP\s-2CR CR\s0
+.DE
+which means that whenever you type \fBq\fR, it will be as though you
+had typed the four characters \fB:wq\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+A \fB^V\fR's is needed because without it the \s-2CR\s0 would end the
+\fB:\fR command, rather than becoming part of the
+.I map
+definition.
+There are two
+.B ^V 's
+because from within
+.I vi ,
+two
+.B ^V 's
+must be typed to get one.
+The first \s-2CR\s0 is part of the
+.I rhs ,
+the second terminates the : command.
+.PP
+Macros can be deleted with
+.DS
+unmap lhs
+.DE
+.PP
+If the
+.I lhs
+of a macro is ``#0'' through ``#9'', this maps the particular function key
+instead of the 2 character ``#'' sequence.  So that terminals without
+function keys can access such definitions, the form ``#x'' will mean function
+key
+.I x
+on all terminals (and need not be typed within one second.)
+The character ``#'' can be changed by using a macro in the usual way:
+.DS
+:map \fB^V^V^I\fP #
+.DE
+to use tab, for example.  (This won't affect the
+.I map
+command, which still uses
+.B #,
+but just the invocation from visual mode.
+.PP
+The undo command reverses an entire macro call as a unit,
+if it made any changes.
+.PP
+Placing a `!' after the word
+.B map
+causes the mapping to apply
+to input mode, rather than command mode.
+Thus, to arrange for \fB^T\fP to be the same as 4 spaces in input mode,
+you can type:
+.DS
+:map \fB^T\fP \fB^V\fP\o'b/'\o'b/'\o'b/'\o'b/'
+.DE
+where
+.B \o'b/'
+is a blank.
+The \fB^V\fP is necessary to prevent the blanks from being taken as
+white space between the
+.I lhs
+and
+.I rhs .
+.NH
+Word Abbreviations
+.PP
+A feature similar to macros in input mode is word abbreviation.
+This allows you to type a short word and have it expanded into
+a longer word or words.
+The commands are
+.B :abbreviate
+and
+.B :unabbreviate
+(\fB:ab\fP
+and
+.B :una )
+and have the same syntax as
+.B :map .
+For example:
+.DS
+:ab eecs Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
+.DE
+causes the word `eecs' to always be changed into the
+phrase `Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences'.
+Word abbreviation is different from macros in that
+only whole words are affected.
+If `eecs' were typed as part of a larger word, it would
+be left alone.
+Also, the partial word is echoed as it is typed.
+There is no need for an abbreviation to be a single keystroke,
+as it should be with a macro.
+.NH 2
+Abbreviations
+.PP
+The editor has a number of short
+commands which abbreviate longer commands which we
+have introduced here.  You can find these commands easily
+on the quick reference card.
+They often save a bit of typing and you can learn them as convenient.
+.NH 1
+Nitty-gritty details
+.NH 2
+Line representation in the display
+.PP
+The editor folds long logical lines onto many physical lines in the display.
+Commands which advance lines advance logical lines and will skip
+over all the segments of a line in one motion.  The command \fB|\fR moves
+the cursor to a specific column, and may be useful for getting near the
+middle of a long line to split it in half.  Try \fB80|\fR on a line which
+is more than 80 columns long.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg You can make long lines very easily by using \fBJ\fR to join together
+short lines.
+.FE
+.PP
+The editor only puts full lines on the display; if there is not enough
+room on the display to fit a logical line, the editor leaves the physical
+line empty, placing only an @ on the line as a place holder.  When you
+delete lines on a dumb terminal, the editor will often just clear the
+lines to @ to save time (rather than rewriting the rest of the screen.)
+You can always maximize the information on the screen by giving the \fB^R\fR
+command.
+.PP
+If you wish, you can have the editor place line numbers before each line
+on the display.  Give the command \fB:se nu\fR\s-2CR\s0 to enable
+this, and the command \fB:se nonu\fR\s-2CR\s0 to turn it off.
+You can have tabs represented as \fB^I\fR and the ends of lines indicated
+with `$' by giving the command \fB:se list\fR\s-2CR\s0;
+\fB:se nolist\fR\s-2CR\s0 turns this off.
+.PP
+Finally, lines consisting of only the character `~' are displayed when
+the last line in the file is in the middle of the screen.  These represent
+physical lines which are past the logical end of file.
+.NH 2
+Counts
+.PP
+Most
+.I vi
+commands will use a preceding count to affect their behavior in some way.
+The following table gives the common ways in which the counts are used:
+.DS
+.TS
+l lb.
+new window size	:  /  ?  [[  ]]  \`  \'
+scroll amount	^D  ^U
+line/column number	z  G  |
+repeat effect	\fRmost of the rest\fP
+.TE
+.DE
+.PP
+The editor maintains a notion of the current default window size.
+On terminals which run at speeds greater than 1200 baud
+the editor uses the full terminal screen.
+On terminals which are slower than 1200 baud
+(most dialup lines are in this group)
+the editor uses 8 lines as the default window size.
+At 1200 baud the default is 16 lines.
+.PP
+This size is the size used when the editor clears and refills the screen
+after a search or other motion moves far from the edge of the current window.
+The commands which take a new window size as count all often cause the
+screen to be redrawn.  If you anticipate this, but do not need as large
+a window as you are currently using, you may wish to change the screen
+size by specifying the new size before these commands.
+In any case, the number of lines used on the screen will expand if you
+move off the top with a \fB\-\fR or similar command or off the bottom
+with a command such as \s-2RETURN\s0 or \fB^D\fR.
+The window will revert to the last specified size the next time it is
+cleared and refilled.\*(dg
+.FS
+\*(dg But not by a \fB^L\fR which just redraws the screen as it is.
+.FE
+.PP
+The scroll commands \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR likewise remember the amount
+of scroll last specified, using half the basic window size initially.
+The simple insert commands use a count to specify a repetition of the
+inserted text.  Thus \fB10a+\-\-\-\-\fR\s-2ESC\s0 will insert a grid-like
+string of text.
+A few commands also use a preceding count as a line or column number.
+.PP
+Except for a few commands which ignore any counts (such as \fB^R\fR),
+the rest of the editor commands use a count to indicate a simple repetition
+of their effect.  Thus \fB5w\fR advances five words on the current line,
+while \fB5\fR\s-2RETURN\s0 advances five lines.  A very useful instance
+of a count as a repetition is a count given to the \fB.\fR command, which
+repeats the last changing command.  If you do \fBdw\fR and then \fB3.\fR,
+you will delete first one and then three words.  You can then delete
+two more words with \fB2.\fR.
+.NH 2
+More file manipulation commands
+.PP
+The following table lists the file manipulation commands which you can
+use when you are in
+.I vi.
+.KF
+.DS
+.TS
+lb l.
+:w	write back changes
+:wq	write and quit
+:x	write (if necessary) and quit (same as ZZ).
+:e \fIname\fP	edit file \fIname\fR
+:e!	reedit, discarding changes
+:e + \fIname\fP	edit, starting at end
+:e +\fIn\fP	edit, starting at line \fIn\fP
+:e #	edit alternate file
+:w \fIname\fP	write file \fIname\fP
+:w! \fIname\fP	overwrite file \fIname\fP
+:\fIx,y\fPw \fIname\fP	write lines \fIx\fP through \fIy\fP to \fIname\fP
+:r \fIname\fP	read file \fIname\fP into buffer
+:r !\fIcmd\fP	read output of \fIcmd\fP into buffer
+:n	edit next file in argument list
+:n!	edit next file, discarding changes to current
+:n \fIargs\fP	specify new argument list
+:ta \fItag\fP	edit file containing tag \fItag\fP, at \fItag\fP
+.TE
+.DE
+.KE
+All of these commands are followed by a \s-2CR\s0 or \s-2ESC\s0.
+The most basic commands are \fB:w\fR and \fB:e\fR.
+A normal editing session on a single file will end with a \fBZZ\fR command.
+If you are editing for a long period of time you can give \fB:w\fR commands
+occasionally after major amounts of editing, and then finish
+with a \fBZZ\fR.   When you edit more than one file, you can finish
+with one with a \fB:w\fR and start editing a new file by giving a \fB:e\fR
+command,
+or set
+.I autowrite
+and use \fB:n\fP <file>.
+.PP
+If you make changes to the editor's copy of a file, but do not wish to
+write them back, then you must give an \fB!\fR after the command you
+would otherwise use; this forces the editor to discard any changes
+you have made.  Use this carefully.
+.PP
+The \fB:e\fR command can be given a \fB+\fR argument to start at the
+end of the file, or a \fB+\fR\fIn\fR argument to start at line \fIn\fR\^.
+In actuality, \fIn\fR may be any editor command not containing a space,
+usefully a scan like \fB+/\fIpat\fR or \fB+?\fIpat\fR.
+In forming new names to the \fBe\fR command, you can use the character
+\fB%\fR which is replaced by the current file name, or the character
+\fB#\fR which is replaced by the alternate file name.
+The alternate file name is generally the last name you typed other than
+the current file.  Thus if you try to do a \fB:e\fR and get a diagnostic
+that you haven't written the file, you can give a \fB:w\fR command and
+then a \fB:e #\fR command to redo the previous \fB:e\fR.
+.PP
+You can write part of the buffer to a file by finding out the lines
+that bound the range to be written using \fB^G\fR, and giving these
+numbers after the \fB:\fR
+and before the \fBw\fP, separated by \fB,\fR's.
+You can also mark these lines with \fBm\fR and
+then use an address of the form \fB\(aa\fR\fIx\fR\fB,\fB\(aa\fR\fIy\fR
+on the \fBw\fR command here.
+.PP
+You can read another file into the buffer after the current line by using
+the \fB:r\fR command.
+You can similarly read in the output from a command, just use \fB!\fR\fIcmd\fR
+instead of a file name.
+.PP
+If you wish to edit a set of files in succession, you can give all the
+names on the command line, and then edit each one in turn using the command
+\fB:n\fR.  It is also possible to respecify the list of files to be edited
+by giving the \fB:n\fR command a list of file names, or a pattern to
+be expanded as you would have given it on the initial
+.I vi
+command.
+.PP
+If you are editing large programs, you will find the \fB:ta\fR command
+very useful.  It utilizes a data base of function names and their locations,
+which can be created by programs such as
+.I ctags,
+to quickly find a function whose name you give.
+If the \fB:ta\fR command will require the editor to switch files, then
+you must \fB:w\fR or abandon any changes before switching.  You can repeat
+the \fB:ta\fR command without any arguments to look for the same tag
+again.
+.NH 2
+More about searching for strings
+.PP
+When you are searching for strings in the file with \fB/\fR and \fB?\fR,
+the editor normally places you at the next or previous occurrence
+of the string.  If you are using an operator such as \fBd\fR,
+\fBc\fR or \fBy\fR, then you may well wish to affect lines up to the
+line before the line containing the pattern.  You can give a search of
+the form \fB/\fR\fIpat\fR\fB/\-\fR\fIn\fR to refer to the \fIn\fR'th line
+before the next line containing \fIpat\fR, or you can use \fB\+\fR instead
+of \fB\-\fR to refer to the lines after the one containing \fIpat\fR.
+If you don't give a line offset, then the editor will affect characters
+up to the match place, rather than whole lines; thus use ``+0'' to affect
+to the line which matches.
+.PP
+You can have the editor ignore the case of words in the searches it does
+by giving the command \fB:se ic\fR\s-2CR\s0.
+The command \fB:se noic\fR\s-2CR\s0 turns this off.
+.PP
+Strings given to searches may actually be regular expressions.
+If you do not want or need this facility, you should
+.DS
+set nomagic
+.DE
+in your EXINIT.
+In this case, 
+only the characters \fB\(ua\fR and \fB$\fR are special in patterns.
+The character \fB\e\fR is also then special (as it is most everywhere in
+the system), and may be used to get at the
+an extended pattern matching facility.
+It is also necessary to use a \e before a
+\fB/\fR in a forward scan or a \fB?\fR in a backward scan, in any case.
+The following table gives the extended forms when \fBmagic\fR is set.
+.DS
+.TS
+bl l.
+\(ua	at beginning of pattern, matches beginning of line
+$	at end of pattern, matches end of line
+\fB\&.\fR	matches any character
+\e<	matches the beginning of a word
+\e>	matches the end of a word
+[\fIstr\fP]	matches any single character in \fIstr\fP
+[\(ua\fIstr\fP]	matches any single character not in \fIstr\fP
+[\fIx\fP\-\fIy\fP]	matches any character between \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP
+*	matches any number of the preceding pattern
+.TE
+.DE
+If you use \fBnomagic\fR mode, then
+the \fB. [\fR and \fB*\fR primitives are given with a preceding
+\e.
+.NH 2
+More about input mode
+.PP
+There are a number of characters which you can use to make corrections
+during input mode.  These are summarized in the following table.
+.DS
+.TS
+lb l.
+^H	deletes the last input character
+^W	deletes the last input word, defined as by \fBb\fR
+erase	your erase character, same as \fB^H\fP
+kill	your kill character, deletes the input on this line
+\e	escapes a following \fB^H\fP and your erase and kill
+\s-2ESC\s0	ends an insertion
+\s-2DEL\s0	interrupts an insertion, terminating it abnormally
+\s-2CR\s0	starts a new line
+^D	backtabs over \fIautoindent\fP
+0^D	kills all the \fIautoindent\fP
+\(ua^D	same as \fB0^D\fP, but restores indent next line
+^V	quotes the next non-printing character into the file
+.TE
+.DE
+.PP
+The most usual way of making corrections to input is by typing \fB^H\fR
+to correct a single character, or by typing one or more \fB^W\fR's to
+back over incorrect words.  If you use \fB#\fR as your erase character
+in the normal system, it will work like \fB^H\fR.
+.PP
+Your system kill character, normally \fB@\fR, \fB^X\fP or \fB^U\fR,
+will erase all
+the input you have given on the current line.
+In general, you can neither
+erase input back around a line boundary nor can you erase characters
+which you did not insert with this insertion command.  To make corrections
+on the previous line after a new line has been started you can hit \s-2ESC\s0
+to end the insertion, move over and make the correction, and then return
+to where you were to continue.  The command \fBA\fR which appends at the
+end of the current line is often useful for continuing.
+.PP
+If you wish to type in your erase or kill character (say # or @) then
+you must precede it with a \fB\e\fR, just as you would do at the normal
+system command level.  A more general way of typing non-printing characters
+into the file is to precede them with a \fB^V\fR.  The \fB^V\fR echoes
+as a \fB\(ua\fR character on which the cursor rests.  This indicates that
+the editor expects you to type a control character.  In fact you may
+type any character and it will be inserted into the file at that point.*
+.FS
+* This is not quite true.  The implementation of the editor does
+not allow the \s-2NULL\s0 (\fB^@\fR) character to appear in files.  Also
+the \s-2LF\s0 (linefeed or \fB^J\fR) character is used by the editor
+to separate lines in the file, so it cannot appear in the middle of a
+line.  You can insert any other character, however, if you wait for the
+editor to echo the \fB\(ua\fR before you type the character.  In fact,
+the editor will treat a following letter as a request for the corresponding
+control character.  This is the only way to type \fB^S\fR or \fB^Q\fP,
+since the system normally uses them to suspend and resume output
+and never gives them to the editor to process.
+.FE
+.PP
+If you are using \fIautoindent\fR you can backtab over the indent which
+it supplies by typing a \fB^D\fR.  This backs up to a \fIshiftwidth\fR
+boundary.
+This only works immediately after the supplied \fIautoindent\fR.
+.PP
+When you are using \fIautoindent\fR you may wish to place a label at
+the left margin of a line.  The way to do this easily is to type \fB\(ua\fR
+and then \fB^D\fR.  The editor will move the cursor to the left margin
+for one line, and restore the previous indent on the next.  You can also
+type a \fB0\fR followed immediately by a \fB^D\fR if you wish to kill
+all the indent and not have it come back on the next line.
+.NH 2
+Upper case only terminals
+.PP
+If your terminal has only upper case, you can still use
+.I vi
+by using the normal
+system convention for typing on such a terminal.
+Characters which you normally type are converted to lower case, and you
+can type upper case letters by preceding them with a \e.
+The characters { ~ } | \(ga are not available on such terminals, but you
+can escape them as \e( \e\(ua \e) \e! \e\(aa.
+These characters are represented on the display in the same way they
+are typed.\*(dd
+.FS
+\*(dd The \e character you give will not echo until you type another
+key.
+.FE
+.NH 2
+Vi and ex
+.PP
+.I Vi
+is actually one mode of editing within the editor
+.I ex.
+When you are running
+.I vi
+you can escape to the line oriented editor of
+.I ex
+by giving the command
+\fBQ\fR.
+All of the
+.B :
+commands which were introduced above are available in
+.I ex.
+Likewise, most
+.I ex
+commands can be invoked from
+.I vi
+using :.
+Just give them without the \fB:\fR and follow them with a \s-2CR\s0.
+.PP
+In rare instances, an internal error may occur in
+.I vi.
+In this case you will get a diagnostic and be left in the command mode of
+.I ex.
+You can then save your work and quit if you wish by giving a command
+\fBx\fR after the \fB:\fR which \fIex\fR prompts you with, or you can
+reenter \fIvi\fR by giving
+.I ex
+a
+.I vi
+command.
+.PP
+There are a number of things which you can do more easily in
+.I ex
+than in
+.I vi.
+Systematic changes in line oriented material are particularly easy.
+You can read the advanced editing documents for the editor
+.I ed
+to find out a lot more about this style of editing.
+Experienced
+users often mix their use of
+.I ex
+command mode and
+.I vi
+command mode to speed the work they are doing.
+.NH 2
+Open mode: vi on hardcopy terminals and ``glass tty's''
+\(dd
+.PP
+If you are on a hardcopy terminal or a terminal which does not have a cursor
+which can move off the bottom line, you can still use the command set of
+.I vi,
+but in a different mode.
+When you give a
+.I vi
+command, the editor will tell you that it is using
+.I open
+mode.
+This name comes from the
+.I open
+command in
+.I ex,
+which is used to get into the same mode.
+.PP
+The only difference between
+.I visual
+mode
+and
+.I open
+mode is the way in which the text is displayed.
+.PP
+In
+.I open
+mode the editor uses a single line window into the file, and moving backward
+and forward in the file causes new lines to be displayed, always below the
+current line.
+Two commands of
+.I vi
+work differently in
+.I open:
+.B z
+and
+\fB^R\fR.
+The
+.B z
+command does not take parameters, but rather draws a window of context around
+the current line and then returns you to the current line.
+.PP
+If you are on a hardcopy terminal,
+the
+.B ^R
+command will retype the current line.
+On such terminals, the editor normally uses two lines to represent the
+current line.
+The first line is a copy of the line as you started to edit it, and you work
+on the line below this line.
+When you delete characters, the editor types a number of \e's to show
+you the characters which are deleted.  The editor also reprints the current
+line soon after such changes so that you can see what the line looks
+like again.
+.PP
+It is sometimes useful to use this mode on very slow terminals which
+can support
+.I vi
+in the full screen mode.
+You can do this by entering
+.I ex
+and using an
+.I open
+command.
+.LP
+.SH
+Acknowledgements
+.PP
+Bruce Englar encouraged the early development of this display editor.
+Peter Kessler helped bring sanity to version 2's command layout.
+Bill Joy wrote versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7,
+and created the framework that users see in the present editor.
+Mark Horton added macros and other features and made the
+editor work on a large number of terminals and Unix systems.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.summary b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.summary
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a7d99384dc86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vitut/vi.summary
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.summary	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.ds CH
+.ds CF
+.de TS
+.br
+.if !\\n(1T .RT
+.ul 0
+.ti \\n(.iu
+.if t .sp 0.25
+.if n .sp
+.if \\$1H .TQ
+.nr IX 1
+..
+.nr PS 9
+.ps 9
+.nr VS 11
+.vs 11
+.nr HM .50i
+.nr FM .25i
+.nr PO 0
+.po 0
+.nr LL 3.5i
+.ll 3.5i
+.de nc
+.bp
+..
+.de h
+.LG
+.B
+\\$1
+.R
+.NL
+..
+.LG
+.LG
+.B
+.ce
+Ex Quick Reference
+.R
+.NL
+.LP
+.LP
+.h "Entering/leaving ex"
+.TS
+aw(1.4i)b aw(1.8i).
+% ex \fIname\fP	edit \fIname\fP, start at end
+% ex +\fIn\fP \fIname\fP	... at line \fIn\fP
+% ex \-t \fItag\fP	start at \fItag\fP
+% ex \-r	list saved files
+% ex \-r \fIname\fP	recover file \fIname\fP
+% ex \fIname\fP ...	edit first; rest via \fB:n\fP
+% ex \-R \fIname\fP 	read only mode
+: x	exit, saving changes
+: q!	exit, discarding changes
+.TE
+.h "Ex states"
+.TS
+lw(1i) lw(2.0i).
+Command	T{
+Normal and initial state.  Input prompted for by \fB:\fP.
+Your kill character cancels partial command.
+T}
+Insert	T{
+Entered by \fBa\fP \fBi\fP and \fBc\fP.
+Arbitrary text then terminates with line having only \fB.\fP
+character on it or abnormally with interrupt.
+T}
+Open/visual	T{
+Entered by \fBopen\fP or \fBvi\fP, terminates with \fBQ\fP
+or ^\e.
+T}
+.TE
+.h "Ex commands"
+.TS
+lw(.45i) lw(.08i)b lw(.45i) lw(.08i)b lw(.45i) lw(.08i)b.
+abbrev	ab	next	n	unabbrev	una
+append	a	number	nu	undo	u
+args	ar	open	o	unmap	unm
+change	c	preserve	pre	version	ve
+copy	co	print	p	visual	vi
+delete	d	put	pu	write	w
+edit	e	quit	q	xit	x
+file	f	read	re	yank	ya
+global	g	recover	rec	\fIwindow\fP	z
+insert	i	rewind	rew	\fIescape\fP	!
+join	j	set	se	\fIlshift\fP	<
+list	l	shell	sh	\fIprint next\fP	\fRCR\fP
+map		source	so	\fIresubst\fP	&
+mark	ma	stop	st	\fIrshift\fP	>
+move	m	substitute	s	\fIscroll\fP	^D
+.TE
+.h "Ex command addresses"
+.TS
+lw(.3i)b lw(0.8i) lw(.3i)b lw(0.8i).
+\fIn\fP	line \fIn\fP	/\fIpat\fP	next with \fIpat\fP
+\&.	current	?\fIpat\fP	previous with \fIpat\fP
+$	last	\fIx\fP-\fIn\fP	\fIn\fP before \fIx\fP
++	next	\fIx\fP,\fIy\fP	\fIx\fP through \fIy\fP
+\-	previous	\(aa\fIx\fP	marked with \fIx\fP
++\fIn\fP	\fIn\fP forward	\(aa\(aa	previous context
+%	1,$
+.TE
+.nc
+.h "Specifying terminal type"
+.TS
+aw(1.7i)b aw(1.5i).
+% setenv TERM \fItype\fP	\fIcsh\fP and all version 6
+$ TERM=\fItype\fP; export TERM	\fIsh\fP in Version 7
+See also \fItset\fR(1)
+.TE
+.h "Some terminal types"
+.TS
+lw(.4i) lw(.4i) lw(.4i) lw(.4i) lw(.4i).
+2621	43	adm31	dw1	h19
+2645	733	adm3a	dw2	i100
+300s	745	c100	gt40	mime
+33	act4	dm1520	gt42	owl
+37	act5	dm2500	h1500	t1061
+4014	adm3	dm3025	h1510	vt52
+.TE
+.h "Initializing options"
+.TS
+lw(.9i)b aw(1.5i).
+EXINIT	place \fBset\fP's here in environment var.
+set \fIx\fP	enable option
+set no\fIx\fP	disable option
+set \fIx\fP=\fIval\fP	give value \fIval\fP
+set	show changed options
+set all	show all options
+set \fIx\fP?	show value of option \fIx\fP
+.TE
+.h "Useful options"
+.TS
+lw(.9i)b lw(.3i) lw(1.0i).
+autoindent	ai	supply indent
+autowrite	aw	write before changing files
+ignorecase	ic	in scanning
+lisp		\fB( ) { }\fP are s-exp's
+list		print ^I for tab, $ at end
+magic		\fB. [ *\fP special in patterns
+number	nu	number lines
+paragraphs	para	macro names which start ...
+redraw		simulate smart terminal
+scroll		command mode lines
+sections	sect	macro names ...
+shiftwidth	sw	for \fB< >\fP, and input \fB^D\fP
+showmatch	sm	to \fB)\fP and \fB}\fP as typed
+slowopen	slow	choke updates during insert
+window		visual mode lines
+wrapscan	ws	around end of buffer?
+wrapmargin	wm	automatic line splitting
+.TE
+.LP
+.h "Scanning pattern formation"
+.TS
+aw(.9i)b aw(1.0i).
+\(ua	beginning of line
+$	end of line
+\fB.\fR	any character
+\e<	beginning of word
+\e>	end of word
+[\fIstr\fP]	any char in \fIstr\fP
+[\(ua\fIstr\fP]	... not in \fIstr\fP
+[\fIx\-y\fP]	... between \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP
+*	any number of preceding
+.TE
+.nc
+.LP
+.LG
+.LG
+.B
+.ce
+Vi Quick Reference
+.NL
+.R
+.LP
+.LP
+.h "Entering/leaving vi"
+.TS
+aw(1.4i)b aw(1.8i).
+% vi \fIname\fP	edit \fIname\fP at top
+% vi +\fIn\fP \fIname\fP	... at line \fIn\fP
+% vi + \fIname\fP	... at end
+% vi \-r	list saved files
+% vi \-r \fIname\fP	recover file \fIname\fP
+% vi \fIname\fP ...	edit first; rest via \fB:n\fP
+% vi \-t \fItag\fP	start at \fItag\fP
+% vi +/\fIpat\fP \fIname\fP	search for \fIpat\fP
+% view \fIname\fP	read only mode
+ZZ	exit from vi, saving changes
+^Z	stop vi for later resumption
+.TE
+.h "The display"
+.TS
+lw(.75i) lw(2.2i).
+Last line	T{
+Error messages, echoing input to \fB: / ?\fP and \fB!\fR,
+feedback about i/o and large changes.
+T}
+@ lines	On screen only, not in file.
+~ lines	Lines past end of file.
+^\fIx\fP	Control characters, ^? is delete.
+tabs	Expand to spaces, cursor at last.
+.TE
+.LP
+.h "Vi states"
+.TS
+lw(.75i) lw(2.2i).
+Command	T{
+Normal and initial state.  Others return here.
+ESC (escape) cancels partial command.
+T}
+Insert	T{
+Entered by \fBa i A I o O c C s S\fP \fBR\fP.
+Arbitrary text then terminates with ESC character,
+or abnormally with interrupt.
+T}
+Last line	T{
+Reading input for \fB: / ?\fP or \fB!\fP; terminate
+with ESC or CR to execute, interrupt to cancel.
+T}
+.TE
+.h "Counts before vi commands"
+.TS
+lw(1.5i) lw(1.7i)b.
+line/column number	z  G  |	
+scroll amount	^D  ^U
+replicate insert	a  i  A  I
+repeat effect	\fRmost rest\fP
+.TE
+.h "Simple commands"
+.TS
+lw(1.5i)b lw(1.7i).
+dw	delete a word
+de	... leaving punctuation
+dd	delete a line
+3dd	... 3 lines
+i\fItext\fP\fRESC\fP	insert text \fIabc\fP
+cw\fInew\fP\fRESC\fP	change word to \fInew\fP
+ea\fIs\fP\fRESC\fP	pluralize word
+xp	transpose characters
+.TE
+.nc
+.h "Interrupting, cancelling"
+.TS
+aw(0.75i)b aw(1.6i).
+ESC	end insert or incomplete cmd
+^?	(delete or rubout) interrupts
+^L	reprint screen if \fB^?\fR scrambles it
+.TE
+.h "File manipulation"
+.TS
+aw(0.75i)b aw(1.6i).
+:w	write back changes
+:wq	write and quit
+:q	quit
+:q!	quit, discard changes
+:e \fIname\fP	edit file \fIname\fP
+:e!	reedit, discard changes
+:e + \fIname\fP	edit, starting at end
+:e +\fIn\fR	edit starting at line \fIn\fR
+:e #	edit alternate file
+^\(ua	synonym for \fB:e #\fP
+:w \fIname\fP	write file \fIname\fP
+:w! \fIname\fP	overwrite file \fIname\fP
+:sh	run shell, then return
+:!\fIcmd\fP	run \fIcmd\fR, then return
+:n	edit next file in arglist
+:n \fIargs\fP	specify new arglist
+:f	show current file and line
+^G	synonym for \fB:f\fP
+:ta \fItag\fP	to tag file entry \fItag\fP
+^]	\fB:ta\fP, following word is \fItag\fP
+.TE
+.h "Positioning within file"
+.TS
+aw(0.75i)b aw(1.6i).
+^F	forward screenfull
+^B	backward screenfull
+^D	scroll down half screen
+^U	scroll up half screen
+G	goto line (end default)
+/\fIpat\fR	next line matching \fIpat\fR
+?\fIpat\fR	prev line matching \fIpat\fR
+n	repeat last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR
+N	reverse last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR
+/\fIpat\fP/+\fIn\fP	n'th line after \fIpat\fR
+?\fIpat\fP?\-\fIn\fP	n'th line before \fIpat\fR
+]]	next section/function
+[[	previous section/function
+%	find matching \fB( ) {\fP or \fB}\fP
+.TE
+.h "Adjusting the screen"
+.TS
+aw(0.75i)b aw(1.6i).
+^L	clear and redraw
+^R	retype, eliminate @ lines
+z\fRCR\fP	redraw, current at window top
+z\-	... at bottom
+z\|.	... at center
+/\fIpat\fP/z\-	\fIpat\fP line at bottom
+z\fIn\fP\|.	use \fIn\fP line window
+^E	scroll window down 1 line
+^Y	scroll window up 1 line
+.TE
+.nc
+.h "Marking and returning
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+\(ga\(ga	previous context
+\(aa\(aa	... at first non-white in line
+m\fIx\fP	mark position with letter \fIx\fP
+\(ga\fIx\fP	to mark \fIx\fP
+\(aa\fIx\fP	... at first non-white in line
+.TE
+.h "Line positioning"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+H	home window line
+L	last window line
+M	middle window line
++	next line, at first non-white
+\-	previous line, at first non-white
+\fRCR\fP	return, same as +
+\(da \fRor\fP j	next line, same column
+\(ua \fRor\fP k	previous line, same column
+.TE
+.h "Character positioning"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+\(ua	first non white
+0	beginning of line
+$	end of line
+h \fRor\fP \(->	forward
+l \fRor\fP \(<-	backwards
+^H	same as \fB\(<-\fP
+\fRspace\fP	same as \fB\(->\fP
+f\fIx\fP	find \fIx\fP forward
+F\fIx\fP	\fBf\fR backward
+t\fIx\fP	upto \fIx\fP forward
+T\fIx\fP	back upto \fIx\fP
+;	repeat last \fBf F t\fP or \fBT\fP
+,	inverse of \fB;\fP
+|	to specified column
+%	find matching \fB( { )\fP or \fB}\fR
+.TE
+.h "Words, sentences, paragraphs"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+w	word forward
+b	back word
+e	end of word
+)	to next sentence
+}	to next paragraph
+(	back sentence
+{	back paragraph
+W	blank delimited word
+B	back \fBW\fP
+E	to end of \fBW\fP
+.TE
+.h "Commands for \s-2LISP\s0"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+)	Forward s-expression
+}	... but don't stop at atoms
+(	Back s-expression
+{	... but don't stop at atoms
+.TE
+.nc
+.h "Corrections during insert"
+.TS
+aw(.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+^H	erase last character
+^W	erases last word
+\fRerase\fP	your erase, same as \fB^H\fP
+\fRkill\fP	your kill, erase input this line
+\e	escapes \fB^H\fR, your erase and kill
+\fRESC\fP	ends insertion, back to command
+^?	interrupt, terminates insert
+^D	backtab over \fIautoindent\fP
+\(ua^D	kill \fIautoindent\fP, save for next
+0^D	... but at margin next also
+^V	quote non-printing character
+.TE
+.h "Insert and replace"
+.TS
+aw(.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+a	append after cursor
+i	insert before
+A	append at end of line
+I	insert before first non-blank
+o	open line below
+O	open above
+r\fIx\fP	replace single char with \fIx\fP
+R	replace characters
+.TE
+.h "Operators (double to affect lines)"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+d	delete
+c	change
+<	left shift
+>	right shift
+!	filter through command
+\&\=	indent for \s-2LISP\s0
+y	yank lines to buffer
+.TE
+.h "Miscellaneous operations"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+C	change rest of line
+D	delete rest of line
+s	substitute chars
+S	substitute lines
+J	join lines
+x	delete characters
+X	... before cursor
+Y	yank lines
+.TE
+.h "Yank and put"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+p	put back lines
+P	put before
+"\fIx\fPp	put from buffer \fIx\fP
+"\fIx\fPy	yank to buffer \fIx\fP
+"\fIx\fPd	delete into buffer \fIx\fP
+.TE
+.h "Undo, redo, retrieve"
+.TS
+aw(0.5i)b aw(2.0i).
+u	undo last change
+U	restore current line
+\fB.\fP	repeat last change
+"\fId\fP\|p	retrieve \fId\fP'th last delete
+.TE