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diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/cc/cpp/gcpp.1 b/gnu/usr.bin/cc/cpp/gcpp.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 3a1bc366c220..000000000000 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/cc/cpp/gcpp.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,929 +0,0 @@ -.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14 -.\" -.\" Standard preamble: -.\" ======================================================================== -.de Sh \" Subsection heading -.br -.if t .Sp -.ne 5 -.PP -\fB\\$1\fR -.PP -.. -.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) -.if t .sp .5v -.if n .sp -.. -.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text -.ft CW -.nf -.ne \\$1 -.. -.de Ve \" End verbatim text -.ft R -.fi -.. -.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will -.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left -.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a -.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. 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It is called a macro processor because it allows -you to define \fImacros\fR, which are brief abbreviations for longer -constructs. -.PP -The C preprocessor is intended to be used only with C and \*(C+ source -code. In the past, it has been abused as a general text processor. It -will choke on input which does not obey C's lexical rules. For -example, apostrophes will be interpreted as the beginning of character -constants, and cause errors. Also, you cannot rely on it preserving -characteristics of the input which are not significant to C\-family -languages. If a Makefile is preprocessed, all the hard tabs will be -removed, and the Makefile will not work. -.PP -Having said that, you can often get away with using cpp on things which -are not C. Other Algol-ish programming languages are often safe -(Pascal, Ada, etc.) So is assembly, with caution. \fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR -mode preserves more white space, and is otherwise more permissive. Many -of the problems can be avoided by writing C or \*(C+ style comments -instead of native language comments, and keeping macros simple. -.PP -Wherever possible, you should use a preprocessor geared to the language -you are writing in. Modern versions of the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler have macro -facilities. Most high level programming languages have their own -conditional compilation and inclusion mechanism. If all else fails, -try a true general text processor, such as \s-1GNU\s0 M4. -.PP -C preprocessors vary in some details. This manual discusses the \s-1GNU\s0 C -preprocessor, which provides a small superset of the features of \s-1ISO\s0 -Standard C. In its default mode, the \s-1GNU\s0 C preprocessor does not do a -few things required by the standard. These are features which are -rarely, if ever, used, and may cause surprising changes to the meaning -of a program which does not expect them. To get strict \s-1ISO\s0 Standard C, -you should use the \fB\-std=c89\fR or \fB\-std=c99\fR options, depending -on which version of the standard you want. To get all the mandatory -diagnostics, you must also use \fB\-pedantic\fR. -.PP -This manual describes the behavior of the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor. To -minimize gratuitous differences, where the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor's -behavior does not conflict with traditional semantics, the -traditional preprocessor should behave the same way. The various -differences that do exist are detailed in the section \fBTraditional -Mode\fR. -.PP -For clarity, unless noted otherwise, references to \fB\s-1CPP\s0\fR in this -manual refer to \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0. -.SH "OPTIONS" -.IX Header "OPTIONS" -The C preprocessor expects two file names as arguments, \fIinfile\fR and -\&\fIoutfile\fR. The preprocessor reads \fIinfile\fR together with any -other files it specifies with \fB#include\fR. All the output generated -by the combined input files is written in \fIoutfile\fR. -.PP -Either \fIinfile\fR or \fIoutfile\fR may be \fB\-\fR, which as -\&\fIinfile\fR means to read from standard input and as \fIoutfile\fR -means to write to standard output. Also, if either file is omitted, it -means the same as if \fB\-\fR had been specified for that file. -.PP -Unless otherwise noted, or the option ends in \fB=\fR, all options -which take an argument may have that argument appear either immediately -after the option, or with a space between option and argument: -\&\fB\-Ifoo\fR and \fB\-I foo\fR have the same effect. -.PP -Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter -options may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dM\fR is very different from -\&\fB\-d\ \-M\fR. -.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-D name" -Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR. -.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-D name=definition" -The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if -they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR -directive. In particular, the definition will be truncated by -embedded newline characters. -.Sp -If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like -program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect -characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax. -.Sp -If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write -its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign -(if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you will need -to quote the option. With \fBsh\fR and \fBcsh\fR, -\&\fB\-D'\fR\fIname\fR\fB(\fR\fIargs...\fR\fB)=\fR\fIdefinition\fR\fB'\fR works. -.Sp -\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options are processed in the order they -are given on the command line. All \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR and -\&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR options are processed after all -\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options. -.IP "\fB\-U\fR \fIname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-U name" -Cancel any previous definition of \fIname\fR, either built in or -provided with a \fB\-D\fR option. -.IP "\fB\-undef\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-undef" -Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros. The -standard predefined macros remain defined. -.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-I dir" -Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched -for header files. -.Sp -Directories named by \fB\-I\fR are searched before the standard -system include directories. If the directory \fIdir\fR is a standard -system include directory, the option is ignored to ensure that the -default search order for system directories and the special treatment -of system headers are not defeated -\&. -.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-o file" -Write output to \fIfile\fR. This is the same as specifying \fIfile\fR -as the second non-option argument to \fBcpp\fR. \fBgcc\fR has a -different interpretation of a second non-option argument, so you must -use \fB\-o\fR to specify the output file. -.IP "\fB\-Wall\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wall" -Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code. -At present this is \fB\-Wcomment\fR, \fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR, -\&\fB\-Wmultichar\fR and a warning about integer promotion causing a -change of sign in \f(CW\*(C`#if\*(C'\fR expressions. Note that many of the -preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no options to -control them. -.IP "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wcomment" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wcomments" -.PD -Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR -comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment. -(Both forms have the same effect.) -.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs" -Most trigraphs in comments cannot affect the meaning of the program. -However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (\fB??/\fR at -the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends. -Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce -warnings inside a comment. -.Sp -This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR. If \fB\-Wall\fR is not -given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled. To -get trigraph conversion without warnings, but get the other -\&\fB\-Wall\fR warnings, use \fB\-trigraphs \-Wall \-Wno\-trigraphs\fR. -.IP "\fB\-Wtraditional\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wtraditional" -Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and -\&\s-1ISO\s0 C. Also warn about \s-1ISO\s0 C constructs that have no traditional C -equivalent, and problematic constructs which should be avoided. -.IP "\fB\-Wimport\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wimport" -Warn the first time \fB#import\fR is used. -.IP "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wundef" -Warn whenever an identifier which is not a macro is encountered in an -\&\fB#if\fR directive, outside of \fBdefined\fR. Such identifiers are -replaced with zero. -.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-macros\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wunused-macros" -Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused. A macro -is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once. -The preprocessor will also warn if the macro has not been used at the -time it is redefined or undefined. -.Sp -Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros -defined in include files are not warned about. -.Sp -\&\fINote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped -conditional blocks, then \s-1CPP\s0 will report it as unused. To avoid the -warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's -definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block. -Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning -\& #endif -.Ve -.IP "\fB\-Wendif\-labels\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wendif-labels" -Warn whenever an \fB#else\fR or an \fB#endif\fR are followed by text. -This usually happens in code of the form -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& #if FOO -\& ... -\& #else FOO -\& ... -\& #endif FOO -.Ve -.Sp -The second and third \f(CW\*(C`FOO\*(C'\fR should be in comments, but often are not -in older programs. This warning is on by default. -.IP "\fB\-Werror\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Werror" -Make all warnings into hard errors. Source code which triggers warnings -will be rejected. -.IP "\fB\-Wsystem\-headers\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-Wsystem-headers" -Issue warnings for code in system headers. These are normally unhelpful -in finding bugs in your own code, therefore suppressed. If you are -responsible for the system library, you may want to see them. -.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-w" -Suppress all warnings, including those which \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0 issues by default. -.IP "\fB\-pedantic\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-pedantic" -Issue all the mandatory diagnostics listed in the C standard. Some of -them are left out by default, since they trigger frequently on harmless -code. -.IP "\fB\-pedantic\-errors\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-pedantic-errors" -Issue all the mandatory diagnostics, and make all mandatory diagnostics -into errors. This includes mandatory diagnostics that \s-1GCC\s0 issues -without \fB\-pedantic\fR but treats as warnings. -.IP "\fB\-M\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-M" -Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule -suitable for \fBmake\fR describing the dependencies of the main -source file. The preprocessor outputs one \fBmake\fR rule containing -the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all -the included files, including those coming from \fB\-include\fR or -\&\fB\-imacros\fR command line options. -.Sp -Unless specified explicitly (with \fB\-MT\fR or \fB\-MQ\fR), the -object file name consists of the basename of the source file with any -suffix replaced with object file suffix. If there are many included -files then the rule is split into several lines using \fB\e\fR\-newline. -The rule has no commands. -.Sp -This option does not suppress the preprocessor's debug output, such as -\&\fB\-dM\fR. To avoid mixing such debug output with the dependency -rules you should explicitly specify the dependency output file with -\&\fB\-MF\fR, or use an environment variable like -\&\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR. Debug output -will still be sent to the regular output stream as normal. -.Sp -Passing \fB\-M\fR to the driver implies \fB\-E\fR, and suppresses -warnings with an implicit \fB\-w\fR. -.IP "\fB\-MM\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MM" -Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in -system header directories, nor header files that are included, -directly or indirectly, from such a header. -.Sp -This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an -\&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that -header will appear in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output. This is a -slight change in semantics from \s-1GCC\s0 versions 3.0 and earlier. -.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MF file" -When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a -file to write the dependencies to. If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given -the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent -preprocessed output. -.Sp -When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR, -\&\fB\-MF\fR overrides the default dependency output file. -.IP "\fB\-MG\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MG" -In conjunction with an option such as \fB\-M\fR requesting -dependency generation, \fB\-MG\fR assumes missing header files are -generated files and adds them to the dependency list without raising -an error. The dependency filename is taken directly from the -\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR directive without prepending any path. \fB\-MG\fR -also suppresses preprocessed output, as a missing header file renders -this useless. -.Sp -This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles. -.IP "\fB\-MP\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MP" -This option instructs \s-1CPP\s0 to add a phony target for each dependency -other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These -dummy rules work around errors \fBmake\fR gives if you remove header -files without updating the \fIMakefile\fR to match. -.Sp -This is typical output: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& test.o: test.c test.h -.Ve -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& test.h: -.Ve -.IP "\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MT target" -Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation. By -default \s-1CPP\s0 takes the name of the main input file, including any path, -deletes any file suffix such as \fB.c\fR, and appends the platform's -usual object suffix. The result is the target. -.Sp -An \fB\-MT\fR option will set the target to be exactly the string you -specify. If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single -argument to \fB\-MT\fR, or use multiple \fB\-MT\fR options. -.Sp -For example, \fB\-MT\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR might give -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& $(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c -.Ve -.IP "\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MQ target" -Same as \fB\-MT\fR, but it quotes any characters which are special to -Make. \fB\-MQ\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR gives -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& $$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c -.Ve -.Sp -The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with -\&\fB\-MQ\fR. -.IP "\fB\-MD\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MD" -\&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that -\&\fB\-E\fR is not implied. The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on -whether an \fB\-o\fR option is given. If it is, the driver uses its -argument but with a suffix of \fI.d\fR, otherwise it take the -basename of the input file and applies a \fI.d\fR suffix. -.Sp -If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any -\&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file, but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR -is understood to specify a target object file. -.Sp -Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate -a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process. -.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-MMD" -Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system -header files. -.IP "\fB\-x c\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-x c" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-x c++" -.IP "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-x assembler-with-cpp" -.PD -Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, or assembly. This has nothing -to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely selects which -base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options, cpp will -deduce the language from the extension of the source file: \&\fB.c\fR, -\fB.cc\fR, or \fB.S\fR. Some other common extensions for \*(C+ and -assembly are also recognized. If cpp does not recognize the extension, -it will treat the file as C; this is the most generic mode. -.Sp -\&\fINote:\fR Previous versions of cpp accepted a \fB\-lang\fR option -which selected both the language and the standards conformance level. -This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the \fB\-l\fR -option. -.IP "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-std=standard" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-ansi" -.PD -Specify the standard to which the code should conform. Currently \s-1CPP\s0 -knows about C and \*(C+ standards; others may be added in the future. -.Sp -\&\fIstandard\fR -may be one of: -.RS 4 -.ie n .IP """iso9899:1990""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1990\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iso9899:1990" -.PD 0 -.ie n .IP """c89""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWc89\fR" 4 -.IX Item "c89" -.PD -The \s-1ISO\s0 C standard from 1990. \fBc89\fR is the customary shorthand for -this version of the standard. -.Sp -The \fB\-ansi\fR option is equivalent to \fB\-std=c89\fR. -.ie n .IP """iso9899:199409""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199409\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iso9899:199409" -The 1990 C standard, as amended in 1994. -.ie n .IP """iso9899:1999""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1999\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iso9899:1999" -.PD 0 -.ie n .IP """c99""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWc99\fR" 4 -.IX Item "c99" -.ie n .IP """iso9899:199x""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199x\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iso9899:199x" -.ie n .IP """c9x""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWc9x\fR" 4 -.IX Item "c9x" -.PD -The revised \s-1ISO\s0 C standard, published in December 1999. Before -publication, this was known as C9X. -.ie n .IP """gnu89""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWgnu89\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gnu89" -The 1990 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the default. -.ie n .IP """gnu99""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWgnu99\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gnu99" -.PD 0 -.ie n .IP """gnu9x""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWgnu9x\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gnu9x" -.PD -The 1999 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. -.ie n .IP """c++98""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWc++98\fR" 4 -.IX Item "c++98" -The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments. -.ie n .IP """gnu++98""" 4 -.el .IP "\f(CWgnu++98\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gnu++98" -The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the -default for \*(C+ code. -.RE -.RS 4 -.RE -.IP "\fB\-I\-\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-I-" -Split the include path. Any directories specified with \fB\-I\fR -options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with -\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for -\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR. If additional directories are -specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those -directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives. -.Sp -In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current -file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR. -.Sp -This option has been deprecated. -.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-nostdinc" -Do not search the standard system directories for header files. -Only the directories you have specified with \fB\-I\fR options -(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched. -.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-nostdinc++" -Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories, -but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is -used when building the \*(C+ library.) -.IP "\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-include file" -Process \fIfile\fR as if \f(CW\*(C`#include "file"\*(C'\fR appeared as the first -line of the primary source file. However, the first directory searched -for \fIfile\fR is the preprocessor's working directory \fIinstead of\fR -the directory containing the main source file. If not found there, it -is searched for in the remainder of the \f(CW\*(C`#include "..."\*(C'\fR search -chain as normal. -.Sp -If multiple \fB\-include\fR options are given, the files are included -in the order they appear on the command line. -.IP "\fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-imacros file" -Exactly like \fB\-include\fR, except that any output produced by -scanning \fIfile\fR is thrown away. Macros it defines remain defined. -This allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also -processing its declarations. -.Sp -All files specified by \fB\-imacros\fR are processed before all files -specified by \fB\-include\fR. -.IP "\fB\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-idirafter dir" -Search \fIdir\fR for header files, but do it \fIafter\fR all -directories specified with \fB\-I\fR and the standard system directories -have been exhausted. \fIdir\fR is treated as a system include directory. -.IP "\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIprefix\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-iprefix prefix" -Specify \fIprefix\fR as the prefix for subsequent \fB\-iwithprefix\fR -options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the -final \fB/\fR. -.IP "\fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-iwithprefix dir" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir" -.PD -Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with -\&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search -path. \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR -would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would. -.IP "\fB\-isysroot\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-isysroot dir" -This option is like the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option, but applies only to -header files. See the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option for more information. -.IP "\fB\-imultilib\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-imultilib dir" -Use \fIdir\fR as a subdirectory of the directory containing -target-specific \*(C+ headers. -.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-isystem dir" -Search \fIdir\fR for header files, after all directories specified by -\&\fB\-I\fR but before the standard system directories. Mark it -as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as -is applied to the standard system directories. -.IP "\fB\-iquote\fR \fIdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-iquote dir" -Search \fIdir\fR only for header files requested with -\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for -\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR, before all directories specified by -\&\fB\-I\fR and before the standard system directories. -.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers" -Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers. -.IP "\fB\-fextended\-identifiers\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fextended-identifiers" -Accept universal character names in identifiers. This option is -experimental; in a future version of \s-1GCC\s0, it will be enabled by -default for C99 and \*(C+. -.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fpreprocessed" -Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been -preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph -conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives. -The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can -pass a file preprocessed with \fB\-C\fR to the compiler without -problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than -a tokenizer for the front ends. -.Sp -\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR is implicit if the input file has one of the -extensions \fB.i\fR, \fB.ii\fR or \fB.mi\fR. These are the -extensions that \s-1GCC\s0 uses for preprocessed files created by -\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR. -.IP "\fB\-ftabstop=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-ftabstop=width" -Set the distance between tab stops. This helps the preprocessor report -correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the -line. If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is -ignored. The default is 8. -.IP "\fB\-fexec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fexec-charset=charset" -Set the execution character set, used for string and character -constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding -supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine. -.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset" -Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and -character constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16\s0, whichever -corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. As with -\&\fB\-fexec\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported -by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have -problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. -.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset" -Set the input character set, used for translation from the character -set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC\s0. If the -locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the -locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. This can be overridden by either the locale -or this command line option. Currently the command line option takes -precedence if there's a conflict. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding -supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine. -.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fworking-directory" -Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will -let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of -preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will -emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the -current working directory followed by two slashes. \s-1GCC\s0 will use this -directory, when it's present in the preprocessed input, as the -directory emitted as the current working directory in some debugging -information formats. This option is implicitly enabled if debugging -information is enabled, but this can be inhibited with the negated -form \fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR. If the \fB\-P\fR flag is -present in the command line, this option has no effect, since no -\&\f(CW\*(C`#line\*(C'\fR directives are emitted whatsoever. -.IP "\fB\-fno\-show\-column\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-fno-show-column" -Do not print column numbers in diagnostics. This may be necessary if -diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the -column numbers, such as \fBdejagnu\fR. -.IP "\fB\-A\fR \fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-A predicate=answer" -Make an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer -\&\fIanswer\fR. This form is preferred to the older form \fB\-A\fR -\&\fIpredicate\fR\fB(\fR\fIanswer\fR\fB)\fR, which is still supported, because -it does not use shell special characters. -.IP "\fB\-A \-\fR\fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-A -predicate=answer" -Cancel an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer -\&\fIanswer\fR. -.IP "\fB\-dCHARS\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-dCHARS" -\&\fI\s-1CHARS\s0\fR is a sequence of one or more of the following characters, -and must not be preceded by a space. Other characters are interpreted -by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of \s-1GCC\s0, and so -are silently ignored. If you specify characters whose behavior -conflicts, the result is undefined. -.RS 4 -.IP "\fBM\fR" 4 -.IX Item "M" -Instead of the normal output, generate a list of \fB#define\fR -directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the -preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of -finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor. -Assuming you have no file \fIfoo.h\fR, the command -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& touch foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h -.Ve -.Sp -will show all the predefined macros. -.IP "\fBD\fR" 4 -.IX Item "D" -Like \fBM\fR except in two respects: it does \fInot\fR include the -predefined macros, and it outputs \fIboth\fR the \fB#define\fR -directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to -the standard output file. -.IP "\fBN\fR" 4 -.IX Item "N" -Like \fBD\fR, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions. -.IP "\fBI\fR" 4 -.IX Item "I" -Output \fB#include\fR directives in addition to the result of -preprocessing. -.RE -.RS 4 -.RE -.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-P" -Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor. -This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is -not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the -linemarkers. -.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-C" -Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output -file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted -along with the directive. -.Sp -You should be prepared for side effects when using \fB\-C\fR; it -causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right. -For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a -directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary -source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a \fB#\fR. -.IP "\fB\-CC\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-CC" -Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is -like \fB\-C\fR, except that comments contained within macros are -also passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded. -.Sp -In addition to the side-effects of the \fB\-C\fR option, the -\&\fB\-CC\fR option causes all \*(C+\-style comments inside a macro -to be converted to C\-style comments. This is to prevent later use -of that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of -the source line. -.Sp -The \fB\-CC\fR option is generally used to support lint comments. -.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-traditional-cpp" -Try to imitate the behavior of old-fashioned C preprocessors, as -opposed to \s-1ISO\s0 C preprocessors. -.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-trigraphs" -Process trigraph sequences. -.IP "\fB\-remap\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-remap" -Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very -short file names, such as \s-1MS\-DOS\s0. -.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "--help" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4 -.IX Item "--target-help" -.PD -Print text describing all the command line options instead of -preprocessing anything. -.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-v" -Verbose mode. Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number at the beginning of -execution, and report the final form of the include path. -.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-H" -Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal -activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the -\&\fB#include\fR stack it is. Precompiled header files are also -printed, even if they are found to be invalid; an invalid precompiled -header file is printed with \fB...x\fR and a valid one with \fB...!\fR . -.IP "\fB\-version\fR" 4 -.IX Item "-version" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4 -.IX Item "--version" -.PD -Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number. With one dash, proceed to -preprocess as normal. With two dashes, exit immediately. -.SH "ENVIRONMENT" -.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT" -This section describes the environment variables that affect how \s-1CPP\s0 -operates. You can use them to specify directories or prefixes to use -when searching for include files, or to control dependency output. -.PP -Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as -\&\fB\-I\fR, and control dependency output with options like -\&\fB\-M\fR. These take precedence over -environment variables, which in turn take precedence over the -configuration of \s-1GCC\s0. -.IP "\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR" 4 -.IX Item "CPATH" -.PD 0 -.IP "\fBC_INCLUDE_PATH\fR" 4 -.IX Item "C_INCLUDE_PATH" -.IP "\fB\s-1CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4 -.IX Item "CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH" -.PD -Each variable's value is a list of directories separated by a special -character, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR, in which to look for header files. -The special character, \f(CW\*(C`PATH_SEPARATOR\*(C'\fR, is target-dependent and -determined at \s-1GCC\s0 build time. For Microsoft Windows-based targets it is a -semicolon, and for almost all other targets it is a colon. -.Sp -\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR specifies a list of directories to be searched as if -specified with \fB\-I\fR, but after any paths given with \fB\-I\fR -options on the command line. This environment variable is used -regardless of which language is being preprocessed. -.Sp -The remaining environment variables apply only when preprocessing the -particular language indicated. Each specifies a list of directories -to be searched as if specified with \fB\-isystem\fR, but after any -paths given with \fB\-isystem\fR options on the command line. -.Sp -In all these variables, an empty element instructs the compiler to -search its current working directory. Empty elements can appear at the -beginning or end of a path. For instance, if the value of -\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR is \f(CW\*(C`:/special/include\*(C'\fR, that has the same -effect as \fB\-I.\ \-I/special/include\fR. -.IP "\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR" 4 -.IX Item "DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT" -If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output -dependencies for Make based on the non-system header files processed -by the compiler. System header files are ignored in the dependency -output. -.Sp -The value of \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR can be just a file name, in -which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the target -name from the source file name. Or the value can have the form -\&\fIfile\fR\fB \fR\fItarget\fR, in which case the rules are written to -file \fIfile\fR using \fItarget\fR as the target name. -.Sp -In other words, this environment variable is equivalent to combining -the options \fB\-MM\fR and \fB\-MF\fR, -with an optional \fB\-MT\fR switch too. -.IP "\fB\s-1SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES\s0\fR" 4 -.IX Item "SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES" -This variable is the same as \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR (see above), -except that system header files are not ignored, so it implies -\&\fB\-M\fR rather than \fB\-MM\fR. However, the dependence on the -main input file is omitted. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.IX Header "SEE ALSO" -\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7), -\&\fIgcc\fR\|(1), \fIas\fR\|(1), \fIld\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIcpp\fR, \fIgcc\fR, and -\&\fIbinutils\fR. -.SH "COPYRIGHT" -.IX Header "COPYRIGHT" -Copyright (c) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, -1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 -Free Software Foundation, Inc. -.PP -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of -the license is included in the -man page \fIgfdl\fR\|(7). -This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are -(a) (see below), and the Back-Cover Texts are (b) (see below). -.PP -(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is: -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& A GNU Manual -.Ve -.PP -(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is: -.PP -.Vb 3 -\& You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU -\& software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise -\& funds for GNU development. -.Ve |