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diff --git a/docs/quickstart-cmake.md b/docs/quickstart-cmake.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4e422b74f830 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/quickstart-cmake.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +# Quickstart: Building with CMake + +This tutorial aims to get you up and running with GoogleTest using CMake. If +you're using GoogleTest for the first time or need a refresher, we recommend +this tutorial as a starting point. If your project uses Bazel, see the +[Quickstart for Bazel](quickstart-bazel.md) instead. + +## Prerequisites + +To complete this tutorial, you'll need: + +* A compatible operating system (e.g. Linux, macOS, Windows). +* A compatible C++ compiler that supports at least C++14. +* [CMake](https://cmake.org/) and a compatible build tool for building the + project. + * Compatible build tools include + [Make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/), + [Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/), and others - see + [CMake Generators](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html) + for more information. + +See [Supported Platforms](platforms.md) for more information about platforms +compatible with GoogleTest. + +If you don't already have CMake installed, see the +[CMake installation guide](https://cmake.org/install). + +{: .callout .note} +Note: The terminal commands in this tutorial show a Unix shell prompt, but the +commands work on the Windows command line as well. + +## Set up a project + +CMake uses a file named `CMakeLists.txt` to configure the build system for a +project. You'll use this file to set up your project and declare a dependency on +GoogleTest. + +First, create a directory for your project: + +``` +$ mkdir my_project && cd my_project +``` + +Next, you'll create the `CMakeLists.txt` file and declare a dependency on +GoogleTest. There are many ways to express dependencies in the CMake ecosystem; +in this quickstart, you'll use the +[`FetchContent` CMake module](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FetchContent.html). +To do this, in your project directory (`my_project`), create a file named +`CMakeLists.txt` with the following contents: + +```cmake +cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14) +project(my_project) + +# GoogleTest requires at least C++14 +set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14) +set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) + +include(FetchContent) +FetchContent_Declare( + googletest + URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395.zip +) +# For Windows: Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker settings +set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE) +FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest) +``` + +The above configuration declares a dependency on GoogleTest which is downloaded +from GitHub. In the above example, `03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395` is +the Git commit hash of the GoogleTest version to use; we recommend updating the +hash often to point to the latest version. + +For more information about how to create `CMakeLists.txt` files, see the +[CMake Tutorial](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/guide/tutorial/index.html). + +## Create and run a binary + +With GoogleTest declared as a dependency, you can use GoogleTest code within +your own project. + +As an example, create a file named `hello_test.cc` in your `my_project` +directory with the following contents: + +```cpp +#include <gtest/gtest.h> + +// Demonstrate some basic assertions. +TEST(HelloTest, BasicAssertions) { + // Expect two strings not to be equal. + EXPECT_STRNE("hello", "world"); + // Expect equality. + EXPECT_EQ(7 * 6, 42); +} +``` + +GoogleTest provides [assertions](primer.md#assertions) that you use to test the +behavior of your code. The above sample includes the main GoogleTest header file +and demonstrates some basic assertions. + +To build the code, add the following to the end of your `CMakeLists.txt` file: + +```cmake +enable_testing() + +add_executable( + hello_test + hello_test.cc +) +target_link_libraries( + hello_test + GTest::gtest_main +) + +include(GoogleTest) +gtest_discover_tests(hello_test) +``` + +The above configuration enables testing in CMake, declares the C++ test binary +you want to build (`hello_test`), and links it to GoogleTest (`gtest_main`). The +last two lines enable CMake's test runner to discover the tests included in the +binary, using the +[`GoogleTest` CMake module](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/git-stage/module/GoogleTest.html). + +Now you can build and run your test: + +<pre> +<strong>my_project$ cmake -S . -B build</strong> +-- The C compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1 +-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1 +... +-- Build files have been written to: .../my_project/build + +<strong>my_project$ cmake --build build</strong> +Scanning dependencies of target gtest +... +[100%] Built target gmock_main + +<strong>my_project$ cd build && ctest</strong> +Test project .../my_project/build + Start 1: HelloTest.BasicAssertions +1/1 Test #1: HelloTest.BasicAssertions ........ Passed 0.00 sec + +100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 1 + +Total Test time (real) = 0.01 sec +</pre> + +Congratulations! You've successfully built and run a test binary using +GoogleTest. + +## Next steps + +* [Check out the Primer](primer.md) to start learning how to write simple + tests. +* [See the code samples](samples.md) for more examples showing how to use a + variety of GoogleTest features. |