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-.\"-
-.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
-.\" Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Dag-Erling Smørgrav
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
-.\" Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
-.\" Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
-.\" ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
-.\" products derived from this software without specific prior written
-.\" permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" $P4$
-.\"
-.Dd December 21, 2007
-.Dt PAM 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm pam_acct_mgmt ,
-.Nm pam_authenticate ,
-.Nm pam_chauthtok ,
-.Nm pam_close_session ,
-.Nm pam_end ,
-.Nm pam_get_data ,
-.Nm pam_get_item ,
-.Nm pam_get_user ,
-.Nm pam_getenv ,
-.Nm pam_getenvlist ,
-.Nm pam_open_session ,
-.Nm pam_putenv ,
-.Nm pam_set_data ,
-.Nm pam_set_item ,
-.Nm pam_setcred ,
-.Nm pam_start ,
-.Nm pam_strerror
-.Nd Pluggable Authentication Modules Library
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libpam
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In security/pam_appl.h
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_acct_mgmt "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_authenticate "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_chauthtok "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_close_session "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_end "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int status"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_get_data "const pam_handle_t *pamh" "const char *module_data_name" "const void **data"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_get_item "const pam_handle_t *pamh" "int item_type" "const void **item"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_get_user "pam_handle_t *pamh" "const char **user" "const char *prompt"
-.Ft "const char *"
-.Fn pam_getenv "pam_handle_t *pamh" "const char *name"
-.Ft "char **"
-.Fn pam_getenvlist "pam_handle_t *pamh"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_open_session "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_putenv "pam_handle_t *pamh" "const char *namevalue"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_set_data "pam_handle_t *pamh" "const char *module_data_name" "void *data" "void (*cleanup)(pam_handle_t *pamh, void *data, int pam_end_status)"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_set_item "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int item_type" "const void *item"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_setcred "pam_handle_t *pamh" "int flags"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn pam_start "const char *service" "const char *user" "const struct pam_conv *pam_conv" "pam_handle_t **pamh"
-.Ft "const char *"
-.Fn pam_strerror "const pam_handle_t *pamh" "int error_number"
-.\"
-.\" $Id: pam.man 320 2006-02-16 20:33:19Z des $
-.\"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library abstracts a number
-of common authentication-related operations and provides a framework
-for dynamically loaded modules that implement these operations in
-various ways.
-.Ss Terminology
-In PAM parlance, the application that uses PAM to authenticate a user
-is the server, and is identified for configuration purposes by a
-service name, which is often (but not necessarily) the program name.
-.Pp
-The user requesting authentication is called the applicant, while the
-user (usually, root) charged with verifying his identity and granting
-him the requested credentials is called the arbitrator.
-.Pp
-The sequence of operations the server goes through to authenticate a
-user and perform whatever task he requested is a PAM transaction; the
-context within which the server performs the requested task is called
-a session.
-.Pp
-The functionality embodied by PAM is divided into six primitives
-grouped into four facilities: authentication, account management,
-session management and password management.
-.Ss Conversation
-The PAM library expects the application to provide a conversation
-callback which it can use to communicate with the user.
-Some modules may use specialized conversation functions to communicate
-with special hardware such as cryptographic dongles or biometric
-devices.
-See
-.Xr pam_conv 3
-for details.
-.Ss Initialization and Cleanup
-The
-.Fn pam_start
-function initializes the PAM library and returns a handle which must
-be provided in all subsequent function calls.
-The transaction state is contained entirely within the structure
-identified by this handle, so it is possible to conduct multiple
-transactions in parallel.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn pam_end
-function releases all resources associated with the specified context,
-and can be called at any time to terminate a PAM transaction.
-.Ss Storage
-The
-.Fn pam_set_item
-and
-.Fn pam_get_item
-functions set and retrieve a number of predefined items, including the
-service name, the names of the requesting and target users, the
-conversation function, and prompts.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn pam_set_data
-and
-.Fn pam_get_data
-functions manage named chunks of free-form data, generally used by
-modules to store state from one invocation to another.
-.Ss Authentication
-There are two authentication primitives:
-.Fn pam_authenticate
-and
-.Fn pam_setcred .
-The former authenticates the user, while the latter manages his
-credentials.
-.Ss Account Management
-The
-.Fn pam_acct_mgmt
-function enforces policies such as password expiry, account expiry,
-time-of-day restrictions, and so forth.
-.Ss Session Management
-The
-.Fn pam_open_session
-and
-.Fn pam_close_session
-functions handle session setup and teardown.
-.Ss Password Management
-The
-.Fn pam_chauthtok
-function allows the server to change the user's password, either at
-the user's request or because the password has expired.
-.Ss Miscellaneous
-The
-.Fn pam_putenv ,
-.Fn pam_getenv
-and
-.Fn pam_getenvlist
-functions manage a private environment list in which modules can set
-environment variables they want the server to export during the
-session.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn pam_strerror
-function returns a pointer to a string describing the specified PAM
-error code.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-The following return codes are defined by
-.In security/pam_constants.h :
-.Bl -tag -width 18n
-.It Bq Er PAM_ABORT
-General failure.
-.It Bq Er PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED
-User account has expired.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHINFO_UNAVAIL
-Authentication information is unavailable.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHTOK_DISABLE_AGING
-Authentication token aging disabled.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR
-Authentication token failure.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED
-Password has expired.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHTOK_LOCK_BUSY
-Authentication token lock busy.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVERY_ERR
-Failed to recover old authentication token.
-.It Bq Er PAM_AUTH_ERR
-Authentication error.
-.It Bq Er PAM_BUF_ERR
-Memory buffer error.
-.It Bq Er PAM_CONV_ERR
-Conversation failure.
-.It Bq Er PAM_CRED_ERR
-Failed to set user credentials.
-.It Bq Er PAM_CRED_EXPIRED
-User credentials have expired.
-.It Bq Er PAM_CRED_INSUFFICIENT
-Insufficient credentials.
-.It Bq Er PAM_CRED_UNAVAIL
-Failed to retrieve user credentials.
-.It Bq Er PAM_DOMAIN_UNKNOWN
-Unknown authentication domain.
-.It Bq Er PAM_IGNORE
-Ignore this module.
-.It Bq Er PAM_MAXTRIES
-Maximum number of tries exceeded.
-.It Bq Er PAM_MODULE_UNKNOWN
-Unknown module type.
-.It Bq Er PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD
-New authentication token required.
-.It Bq Er PAM_NO_MODULE_DATA
-Module data not found.
-.It Bq Er PAM_OPEN_ERR
-Failed to load module.
-.It Bq Er PAM_PERM_DENIED
-Permission denied.
-.It Bq Er PAM_SERVICE_ERR
-Error in service module.
-.It Bq Er PAM_SESSION_ERR
-Session failure.
-.It Bq Er PAM_SUCCESS
-Success.
-.It Bq Er PAM_SYMBOL_ERR
-Invalid symbol.
-.It Bq Er PAM_SYSTEM_ERR
-System error.
-.It Bq Er PAM_TRY_AGAIN
-Try again.
-.It Bq Er PAM_USER_UNKNOWN
-Unknown user.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr openpam 3 ,
-.Xr pam_acct_mgmt 3 ,
-.Xr pam_authenticate 3 ,
-.Xr pam_chauthtok 3 ,
-.Xr pam_close_session 3 ,
-.Xr pam_conv 3 ,
-.Xr pam_end 3 ,
-.Xr pam_get_data 3 ,
-.Xr pam_getenv 3 ,
-.Xr pam_getenvlist 3 ,
-.Xr pam_get_item 3 ,
-.Xr pam_get_user 3 ,
-.Xr pam_open_session 3 ,
-.Xr pam_putenv 3 ,
-.Xr pam_setcred 3 ,
-.Xr pam_set_data 3 ,
-.Xr pam_set_item 3 ,
-.Xr pam_start 3 ,
-.Xr pam_strerror 3
-.Sh STANDARDS
-.Rs
-.%T "X/Open Single Sign-On Service (XSSO) - Pluggable Authentication Modules"
-.%D "June 1997"
-.Re
-.Sh AUTHORS
-The OpenPAM library and this manual page were developed for the
-.Fx
-Project by ThinkSec AS and Network Associates Laboratories, the
-Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc.\& under
-DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
-.Pq Dq CBOSS ,
-as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.