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+//===- LocalStackSlotAllocation.cpp - Pre-allocate locals to stack slots --===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This pass assigns local frame indices to stack slots relative to one another
+// and allocates additional base registers to access them when the target
+// estimates they are likely to be out of range of stack pointer and frame
+// pointer relative addressing.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineOperand.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetFrameLowering.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetOpcodes.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+#include "llvm/Pass.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <tuple>
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "localstackalloc"
+
+STATISTIC(NumAllocations, "Number of frame indices allocated into local block");
+STATISTIC(NumBaseRegisters, "Number of virtual frame base registers allocated");
+STATISTIC(NumReplacements, "Number of frame indices references replaced");
+
+namespace {
+
+ class FrameRef {
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI; // Instr referencing the frame
+ int64_t LocalOffset; // Local offset of the frame idx referenced
+ int FrameIdx; // The frame index
+
+ // Order reference instruction appears in program. Used to ensure
+ // deterministic order when multiple instructions may reference the same
+ // location.
+ unsigned Order;
+
+ public:
+ FrameRef(MachineInstr *I, int64_t Offset, int Idx, unsigned Ord) :
+ MI(I), LocalOffset(Offset), FrameIdx(Idx), Order(Ord) {}
+
+ bool operator<(const FrameRef &RHS) const {
+ return std::tie(LocalOffset, FrameIdx, Order) <
+ std::tie(RHS.LocalOffset, RHS.FrameIdx, RHS.Order);
+ }
+
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator getMachineInstr() const { return MI; }
+ int64_t getLocalOffset() const { return LocalOffset; }
+ int getFrameIndex() const { return FrameIdx; }
+ };
+
+ class LocalStackSlotPass: public MachineFunctionPass {
+ SmallVector<int64_t, 16> LocalOffsets;
+
+ /// StackObjSet - A set of stack object indexes
+ using StackObjSet = SmallSetVector<int, 8>;
+
+ void AdjustStackOffset(MachineFrameInfo &MFI, int FrameIdx, int64_t &Offset,
+ bool StackGrowsDown, Align &MaxAlign);
+ void AssignProtectedObjSet(const StackObjSet &UnassignedObjs,
+ SmallSet<int, 16> &ProtectedObjs,
+ MachineFrameInfo &MFI, bool StackGrowsDown,
+ int64_t &Offset, Align &MaxAlign);
+ void calculateFrameObjectOffsets(MachineFunction &Fn);
+ bool insertFrameReferenceRegisters(MachineFunction &Fn);
+
+ public:
+ static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
+
+ explicit LocalStackSlotPass() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {
+ initializeLocalStackSlotPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) override;
+
+ void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
+ AU.setPreservesCFG();
+ MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
+ }
+ };
+
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+char LocalStackSlotPass::ID = 0;
+
+char &llvm::LocalStackSlotAllocationID = LocalStackSlotPass::ID;
+INITIALIZE_PASS(LocalStackSlotPass, DEBUG_TYPE,
+ "Local Stack Slot Allocation", false, false)
+
+bool LocalStackSlotPass::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
+ MachineFrameInfo &MFI = MF.getFrameInfo();
+ const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI = MF.getSubtarget().getRegisterInfo();
+ unsigned LocalObjectCount = MFI.getObjectIndexEnd();
+
+ // If the target doesn't want/need this pass, or if there are no locals
+ // to consider, early exit.
+ if (LocalObjectCount == 0 || !TRI->requiresVirtualBaseRegisters(MF))
+ return false;
+
+ // Make sure we have enough space to store the local offsets.
+ LocalOffsets.resize(MFI.getObjectIndexEnd());
+
+ // Lay out the local blob.
+ calculateFrameObjectOffsets(MF);
+
+ // Insert virtual base registers to resolve frame index references.
+ bool UsedBaseRegs = insertFrameReferenceRegisters(MF);
+
+ // Tell MFI whether any base registers were allocated. PEI will only
+ // want to use the local block allocations from this pass if there were any.
+ // Otherwise, PEI can do a bit better job of getting the alignment right
+ // without a hole at the start since it knows the alignment of the stack
+ // at the start of local allocation, and this pass doesn't.
+ MFI.setUseLocalStackAllocationBlock(UsedBaseRegs);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+/// AdjustStackOffset - Helper function used to adjust the stack frame offset.
+void LocalStackSlotPass::AdjustStackOffset(MachineFrameInfo &MFI, int FrameIdx,
+ int64_t &Offset, bool StackGrowsDown,
+ Align &MaxAlign) {
+ // If the stack grows down, add the object size to find the lowest address.
+ if (StackGrowsDown)
+ Offset += MFI.getObjectSize(FrameIdx);
+
+ Align Alignment = MFI.getObjectAlign(FrameIdx);
+
+ // If the alignment of this object is greater than that of the stack, then
+ // increase the stack alignment to match.
+ MaxAlign = std::max(MaxAlign, Alignment);
+
+ // Adjust to alignment boundary.
+ Offset = alignTo(Offset, Alignment);
+
+ int64_t LocalOffset = StackGrowsDown ? -Offset : Offset;
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Allocate FI(" << FrameIdx << ") to local offset "
+ << LocalOffset << "\n");
+ // Keep the offset available for base register allocation
+ LocalOffsets[FrameIdx] = LocalOffset;
+ // And tell MFI about it for PEI to use later
+ MFI.mapLocalFrameObject(FrameIdx, LocalOffset);
+
+ if (!StackGrowsDown)
+ Offset += MFI.getObjectSize(FrameIdx);
+
+ ++NumAllocations;
+}
+
+/// AssignProtectedObjSet - Helper function to assign large stack objects (i.e.,
+/// those required to be close to the Stack Protector) to stack offsets.
+void LocalStackSlotPass::AssignProtectedObjSet(
+ const StackObjSet &UnassignedObjs, SmallSet<int, 16> &ProtectedObjs,
+ MachineFrameInfo &MFI, bool StackGrowsDown, int64_t &Offset,
+ Align &MaxAlign) {
+ for (int i : UnassignedObjs) {
+ AdjustStackOffset(MFI, i, Offset, StackGrowsDown, MaxAlign);
+ ProtectedObjs.insert(i);
+ }
+}
+
+/// calculateFrameObjectOffsets - Calculate actual frame offsets for all of the
+/// abstract stack objects.
+void LocalStackSlotPass::calculateFrameObjectOffsets(MachineFunction &Fn) {
+ // Loop over all of the stack objects, assigning sequential addresses...
+ MachineFrameInfo &MFI = Fn.getFrameInfo();
+ const TargetFrameLowering &TFI = *Fn.getSubtarget().getFrameLowering();
+ bool StackGrowsDown =
+ TFI.getStackGrowthDirection() == TargetFrameLowering::StackGrowsDown;
+ int64_t Offset = 0;
+ Align MaxAlign;
+
+ // Make sure that the stack protector comes before the local variables on the
+ // stack.
+ SmallSet<int, 16> ProtectedObjs;
+ if (MFI.hasStackProtectorIndex()) {
+ int StackProtectorFI = MFI.getStackProtectorIndex();
+
+ // We need to make sure we didn't pre-allocate the stack protector when
+ // doing this.
+ // If we already have a stack protector, this will re-assign it to a slot
+ // that is **not** covering the protected objects.
+ assert(!MFI.isObjectPreAllocated(StackProtectorFI) &&
+ "Stack protector pre-allocated in LocalStackSlotAllocation");
+
+ StackObjSet LargeArrayObjs;
+ StackObjSet SmallArrayObjs;
+ StackObjSet AddrOfObjs;
+
+ // Only place the stack protector in the local stack area if the target
+ // allows it.
+ if (TFI.isStackIdSafeForLocalArea(MFI.getStackID(StackProtectorFI)))
+ AdjustStackOffset(MFI, StackProtectorFI, Offset, StackGrowsDown,
+ MaxAlign);
+
+ // Assign large stack objects first.
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = MFI.getObjectIndexEnd(); i != e; ++i) {
+ if (MFI.isDeadObjectIndex(i))
+ continue;
+ if (StackProtectorFI == (int)i)
+ continue;
+ if (!TFI.isStackIdSafeForLocalArea(MFI.getStackID(i)))
+ continue;
+
+ switch (MFI.getObjectSSPLayout(i)) {
+ case MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_None:
+ continue;
+ case MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_SmallArray:
+ SmallArrayObjs.insert(i);
+ continue;
+ case MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_AddrOf:
+ AddrOfObjs.insert(i);
+ continue;
+ case MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_LargeArray:
+ LargeArrayObjs.insert(i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ llvm_unreachable("Unexpected SSPLayoutKind.");
+ }
+
+ AssignProtectedObjSet(LargeArrayObjs, ProtectedObjs, MFI, StackGrowsDown,
+ Offset, MaxAlign);
+ AssignProtectedObjSet(SmallArrayObjs, ProtectedObjs, MFI, StackGrowsDown,
+ Offset, MaxAlign);
+ AssignProtectedObjSet(AddrOfObjs, ProtectedObjs, MFI, StackGrowsDown,
+ Offset, MaxAlign);
+ }
+
+ // Then assign frame offsets to stack objects that are not used to spill
+ // callee saved registers.
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = MFI.getObjectIndexEnd(); i != e; ++i) {
+ if (MFI.isDeadObjectIndex(i))
+ continue;
+ if (MFI.getStackProtectorIndex() == (int)i)
+ continue;
+ if (ProtectedObjs.count(i))
+ continue;
+ if (!TFI.isStackIdSafeForLocalArea(MFI.getStackID(i)))
+ continue;
+
+ AdjustStackOffset(MFI, i, Offset, StackGrowsDown, MaxAlign);
+ }
+
+ // Remember how big this blob of stack space is
+ MFI.setLocalFrameSize(Offset);
+ MFI.setLocalFrameMaxAlign(MaxAlign);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+lookupCandidateBaseReg(unsigned BaseReg,
+ int64_t BaseOffset,
+ int64_t FrameSizeAdjust,
+ int64_t LocalFrameOffset,
+ const MachineInstr &MI,
+ const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI) {
+ // Check if the relative offset from the where the base register references
+ // to the target address is in range for the instruction.
+ int64_t Offset = FrameSizeAdjust + LocalFrameOffset - BaseOffset;
+ return TRI->isFrameOffsetLegal(&MI, BaseReg, Offset);
+}
+
+bool LocalStackSlotPass::insertFrameReferenceRegisters(MachineFunction &Fn) {
+ // Scan the function's instructions looking for frame index references.
+ // For each, ask the target if it wants a virtual base register for it
+ // based on what we can tell it about where the local will end up in the
+ // stack frame. If it wants one, re-use a suitable one we've previously
+ // allocated, or if there isn't one that fits the bill, allocate a new one
+ // and ask the target to create a defining instruction for it.
+
+ MachineFrameInfo &MFI = Fn.getFrameInfo();
+ const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI = Fn.getSubtarget().getRegisterInfo();
+ const TargetFrameLowering &TFI = *Fn.getSubtarget().getFrameLowering();
+ bool StackGrowsDown =
+ TFI.getStackGrowthDirection() == TargetFrameLowering::StackGrowsDown;
+
+ // Collect all of the instructions in the block that reference
+ // a frame index. Also store the frame index referenced to ease later
+ // lookup. (For any insn that has more than one FI reference, we arbitrarily
+ // choose the first one).
+ SmallVector<FrameRef, 64> FrameReferenceInsns;
+
+ unsigned Order = 0;
+
+ for (MachineBasicBlock &BB : Fn) {
+ for (MachineInstr &MI : BB) {
+ // Debug value, stackmap and patchpoint instructions can't be out of
+ // range, so they don't need any updates.
+ if (MI.isDebugInstr() || MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::STATEPOINT ||
+ MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::STACKMAP ||
+ MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::PATCHPOINT)
+ continue;
+
+ // For now, allocate the base register(s) within the basic block
+ // where they're used, and don't try to keep them around outside
+ // of that. It may be beneficial to try sharing them more broadly
+ // than that, but the increased register pressure makes that a
+ // tricky thing to balance. Investigate if re-materializing these
+ // becomes an issue.
+ for (const MachineOperand &MO : MI.operands()) {
+ // Consider replacing all frame index operands that reference
+ // an object allocated in the local block.
+ if (MO.isFI()) {
+ // Don't try this with values not in the local block.
+ if (!MFI.isObjectPreAllocated(MO.getIndex()))
+ break;
+ int Idx = MO.getIndex();
+ int64_t LocalOffset = LocalOffsets[Idx];
+ if (!TRI->needsFrameBaseReg(&MI, LocalOffset))
+ break;
+ FrameReferenceInsns.push_back(FrameRef(&MI, LocalOffset, Idx, Order++));
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Sort the frame references by local offset.
+ // Use frame index as a tie-breaker in case MI's have the same offset.
+ llvm::sort(FrameReferenceInsns);
+
+ MachineBasicBlock *Entry = &Fn.front();
+
+ Register BaseReg;
+ int64_t BaseOffset = 0;
+
+ // Loop through the frame references and allocate for them as necessary.
+ for (int ref = 0, e = FrameReferenceInsns.size(); ref < e ; ++ref) {
+ FrameRef &FR = FrameReferenceInsns[ref];
+ MachineInstr &MI = *FR.getMachineInstr();
+ int64_t LocalOffset = FR.getLocalOffset();
+ int FrameIdx = FR.getFrameIndex();
+ assert(MFI.isObjectPreAllocated(FrameIdx) &&
+ "Only pre-allocated locals expected!");
+
+ // We need to keep the references to the stack protector slot through frame
+ // index operands so that it gets resolved by PEI rather than this pass.
+ // This avoids accesses to the stack protector though virtual base
+ // registers, and forces PEI to address it using fp/sp/bp.
+ if (MFI.hasStackProtectorIndex() &&
+ FrameIdx == MFI.getStackProtectorIndex())
+ continue;
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Considering: " << MI);
+
+ unsigned idx = 0;
+ for (unsigned f = MI.getNumOperands(); idx != f; ++idx) {
+ if (!MI.getOperand(idx).isFI())
+ continue;
+
+ if (FrameIdx == MI.getOperand(idx).getIndex())
+ break;
+ }
+
+ assert(idx < MI.getNumOperands() && "Cannot find FI operand");
+
+ int64_t Offset = 0;
+ int64_t FrameSizeAdjust = StackGrowsDown ? MFI.getLocalFrameSize() : 0;
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Replacing FI in: " << MI);
+
+ // If we have a suitable base register available, use it; otherwise
+ // create a new one. Note that any offset encoded in the
+ // instruction itself will be taken into account by the target,
+ // so we don't have to adjust for it here when reusing a base
+ // register.
+ if (BaseReg.isValid() &&
+ lookupCandidateBaseReg(BaseReg, BaseOffset, FrameSizeAdjust,
+ LocalOffset, MI, TRI)) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Reusing base register " << BaseReg << "\n");
+ // We found a register to reuse.
+ Offset = FrameSizeAdjust + LocalOffset - BaseOffset;
+ } else {
+ // No previously defined register was in range, so create a new one.
+ int64_t InstrOffset = TRI->getFrameIndexInstrOffset(&MI, idx);
+
+ int64_t CandBaseOffset = FrameSizeAdjust + LocalOffset + InstrOffset;
+
+ // We'd like to avoid creating single-use virtual base registers.
+ // Because the FrameRefs are in sorted order, and we've already
+ // processed all FrameRefs before this one, just check whether or not
+ // the next FrameRef will be able to reuse this new register. If not,
+ // then don't bother creating it.
+ if (ref + 1 >= e ||
+ !lookupCandidateBaseReg(
+ BaseReg, CandBaseOffset, FrameSizeAdjust,
+ FrameReferenceInsns[ref + 1].getLocalOffset(),
+ *FrameReferenceInsns[ref + 1].getMachineInstr(), TRI))
+ continue;
+
+ // Save the base offset.
+ BaseOffset = CandBaseOffset;
+
+ // Tell the target to insert the instruction to initialize
+ // the base register.
+ // MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertionPt = Entry->begin();
+ BaseReg = TRI->materializeFrameBaseRegister(Entry, FrameIdx, InstrOffset);
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Materialized base register at frame local offset "
+ << LocalOffset + InstrOffset
+ << " into " << printReg(BaseReg, TRI) << '\n');
+
+ // The base register already includes any offset specified
+ // by the instruction, so account for that so it doesn't get
+ // applied twice.
+ Offset = -InstrOffset;
+
+ ++NumBaseRegisters;
+ }
+ assert(BaseReg && "Unable to allocate virtual base register!");
+
+ // Modify the instruction to use the new base register rather
+ // than the frame index operand.
+ TRI->resolveFrameIndex(MI, BaseReg, Offset);
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Resolved: " << MI);
+
+ ++NumReplacements;
+ }
+
+ return BaseReg.isValid();
+}